Cetineite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Cetineite
Formula:
(K,Na)6Sb3+12(Sb3+S3)2O18(OH)0.5 · 5,5H2O
Colour:
Orange-red
Lustre:
Resinous
Hardness:
3½
Specific Gravity:
4.21 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Name:
Named by C. Sabelli, G. Vezzalini in 1987 after the type locality of Le Cetine di Cotorniano Mine, Italy.
A secondary mineral in antimony-rich slags.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
943
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:943:2
IMA Classification of Cetineite
Classification of Cetineite
2.MA.05
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
M : Oxysulfosalts
A : Oxysulfosalts of Alkalies and Alkali Earths
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
M : Oxysulfosalts
A : Oxysulfosalts of Alkalies and Alkali Earths
Dana 7th ed.:
2.13.3.1
2.13.3.1
2 : SULFIDES
13 : Oxysulfides
2 : SULFIDES
13 : Oxysulfides
24.1.2
24 : Antimonates and Antimonites
1 : Antimonates and antimonites of Na, Cu or Ag
24 : Antimonates and Antimonites
1 : Antimonates and antimonites of Na, Cu or Ag
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Cet | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Cetineite
Resinous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Orange-red
Streak:
Orange
Hardness:
3½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN20=127 - 156 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Sectile
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
on {1000}
on {1000}
Density:
4.21 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Cetineite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
From orange to slightly orange-brown.
Chemistry of Cetineite
Mindat Formula:
(K,Na)6Sb3+12(Sb3+S3)2O18(OH)0.5 · 5,5H2O
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
S,Si
Crystallography of Cetineite
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
6 - Pyramidal
Space Group:
P63
Cell Parameters:
a = 14.2513(3) Å, c = 5.5900(1) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.392
Unit Cell V:
983.22 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Tufts of acicular crystals.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0001144 | Cetineite | Sabelli C, Nakai I, Katsura S (1988) Crystal structures of cetineite and its synthetic Na analogue Na3.6(Sb2O3)3(SbS3)(OH)0.6.2.4(H2O) American Mineralogist 73 398-404 |  | 1988 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.916 Å | (100) |
| 12.41 Å | (80) |
| 3.000 Å | (74) |
| 2.690 Å | (61) |
| 4.11 Å | (55) |
| 4.67 Å | (54) |
| 3.581 Å | (44) |
Comments:
Cetine mine, Italy. Data from the type description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 56 : Slag and smelter minerals (see also #51 and #55) |
Type Occurrence of Cetineite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Tufts of orange-red acicular crystals, elongate [001] and up to 15 mm in length and 15 µm diameter.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
University of Florence, Florence, Italy, 644/RI.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 164388.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 164388.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Antimony deposit, on roasted ore that has been weathered.
Synonyms of Cetineite
Other Language Names for Cetineite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 8 photos of Cetineite associated with Mopungite | Na[Sb5+(OH)6] |
| 4 photos of Cetineite associated with Native Antimony | Sb |
| 3 photos of Cetineite associated with Senarmontite | Sb2O3 |
| 2 photos of Cetineite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 2 photos of Cetineite associated with Valentinite | Sb2O3 |
| 2 photos of Cetineite associated with Stibiconite | Sb3+Sb5+2O6(OH) |
| 1 photo of Cetineite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 1 photo of Cetineite associated with Baryte | BaSO4 |
| 1 photo of Cetineite associated with Marcasite | FeS2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.MA.05 | Ottensite | (Na,K)3Sb3+6(Sb3+S3)O9 · 3H2O |
| 2.MA.10 | Sarabauite | CaSb3+10S6O10 |
| 2.MA.15 | Cafeosite | Ca4Fe2+3Fe3+2◻O6S4 |
| 2.MA.20 | Thionasilite | Na2Si2S2O3 |
Radioactivity
Radioactivity:
| Element | % Content | Activity (Bq/kg) | Radiation Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uranium (U) | 0.0000% | 0 | α, β, γ |
| Thorium (Th) | 0.0000% | 0 | α, β, γ |
| Potassium (K) | 9.3158% | 2,888 | β, γ |
For comparison:
- Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
- Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
- EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg
Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.
Interactive Simulator:
Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!
Activity: –
| Distance | Dose rate | Risk |
|---|---|---|
| 1 cm | ||
| 10 cm | ||
| 1 m |
The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μshield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).
D = ((AU × ΓU) + (ATh × ΓTh) + (AK × ΓK)) / r2 × μshield
Fluorescence of Cetineite
Not fluorescent.
Other Information
IR Spectrum:
IR spectrum has absorption bands at 3400 and 1630 cm-1, perhaps due to structural water, and strong bands in the 450-600 cm-1 region due to Sb-O bonds.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Cetineite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-943.html
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References for Cetineite
Reference List:
Localities for Cetineite
Showing 7 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
China | |
| Hedegaard (2004) | |
Italy | |
| Conti - Vecchi et al. (1991) |
| Montrasio et al. (1996) |
| Nat. Hist. Mus. Vienna collection |
| - (n.d.) | |
| Brizzi G. et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
Luxembourg | |
| Simon Philippo analysis (to be published) |
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Le Cetine di Cotorniano mine, Chiusdino, Siena Province, Tuscany, Italy