Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
A variety of Hydroxylapatite
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About Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
Formula:
Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,O)
Hardness:
5
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Name:
Named from the Greek word meaning "to deceive"
Apatite Group.
A hydroxylapatite with carbonate group (CO3) substituting for some of the phosphate (PO4) group.
Originally reported from Ødegården Mine (Ødegaarden Mine), Ødegården field, Bamble, Telemark, Norway.
An important biomaterial: bone constituent; its precursor is the Unnamed (Amorphous Calcium Carbonate) (Tolba et al., 2016).
Compare 'Unnamed (Ca-Na Phosphate)' - obtained in an attempt of synthesizing of the current phase.
A hydroxylapatite with carbonate group (CO3) substituting for some of the phosphate (PO4) group.
Originally reported from Ødegården Mine (Ødegaarden Mine), Ødegården field, Bamble, Telemark, Norway.
An important biomaterial: bone constituent; its precursor is the Unnamed (Amorphous Calcium Carbonate) (Tolba et al., 2016).
Compare 'Unnamed (Ca-Na Phosphate)' - obtained in an attempt of synthesizing of the current phase.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
896 (as Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite)
1992 (as Hydroxylapatite)
1992 (as Hydroxylapatite)
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:896:5 (as Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite)
mindat:1:1:1992:3 (as Hydroxylapatite)
mindat:1:1:1992:3 (as Hydroxylapatite)
IMA Classification of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
Discredited
Classification of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
22.4.3
22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
4 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with carbonate
22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
4 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with carbonate
Physical Properties of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale
Optical Data of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.603 - 1.628 nε = 1.598 - 1.619
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.005 - 0.009
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Chemistry of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
Mindat Formula:
Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,O)
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.3 Å, c = 6.92 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.744
Unit Cell V:
518.33 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Synonyms of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
Other Language Names for Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
German:Carbonat-Hydroxylapatit
Spanish:Carbonatohidroxilapatito
Varieties of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 21 photos of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 10 photos of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite associated with Collinsite | Ca2Mg(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 5 photos of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite associated with Calcioferrite | Ca4MgFe3+4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2O |
| 3 photos of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite associated with Ferrierite-Mg | [Mg2(K,Na)2Ca0.5](Si29Al7)O72 · 18H2O |
| 3 photos of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite associated with 'Amazonite' | K(AlSi3O8) |
| 3 photos of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite associated with Whitlockite | Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) |
| 3 photos of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite associated with Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| 2 photos of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite associated with Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| 2 photos of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite associated with Mitridatite | Ca2Fe3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| 2 photos of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble in HCl or in HNO3. Varieties containing CO3 may dissolve with slight effervescence.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-896.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
Reference List:
Simpson, D. R. (1965) Carbonate in Hydroxylapatite. Science, 147 (3657). 501-502 doi:10.1126/science.147.3657.501
Tolba, Emad, Müller, Werner E. G., Abd El-Hady, Bothaina M., Neufurth, Meik, Wurm, Frederik, Wang, Shunfeng, Schröder, Heinz C., Wang, Xiaohong (2016) High biocompatibility and improved osteogenic potential of amorphous calcium carbonate/vaterite. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 4 (3). 376-386 doi:10.1039/c5tb02228b
Localities for Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
Showing 115 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Benedetto et al. (1998) |
Australia | |
| McQueen et al. (1988) |
| Trueman (1966) | |
| Frisia et al. (2012) | |
| www.crocoite.com (2003) |
| P.J. Bridge +3 other references |
Austria | |
| W. Postl et al. (1990) |
| Exel (1993) |
Belgium | |
| Hatert et al. (2002) |
Bolivia | |
| Alfredo Petrov (1997) |
| Woolley (1987) |
Brazil | |
| Washington (1929) |
Canada | |
| www.connectionsmagazine.bc.ca (2002) |
| Chakhmouradian et al. (2002) |
| Normand (2001) |
China | |
| Zhengmin Cao and Weijiong Zhu (1993) |
| Hein et al. (1999) |
Czech Republic | |
| Pauliš et al. (2004) |
Egypt | |
| USGS Open-File Report 02–156–A |
Ethiopia | |
| Tribolo et al. (2017) |
| Rogers et al. (1979) |
France | |
| G. Aubert : "Les coupoles granitiques de Montebras et d'Echassières (Massif Central Français) |
| Aubert (1969) |
| Ref.: G. Demarcq |
| G. Demarcq | |
| Deliens et al. (2004) |
| Karkanas et al. (2002) |
| Quattropani et al. (1999) |
Germany | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Schnorrer (1995) +1 other reference |
| Massanek et al. (2005) |
Greenland | |
| Petersen (2001) |
| Bøggild (1953) | |
| Bøggild (1953) |
Hungary | |
| Sándor et al. (1997) |
| Szakáll et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
India | |
| Rao +1 other reference |
Indonesia | |
| Färber (n.d.) |
Israel | |
| Weiner et al. (1993) |
Italy | |
| Cozzupoli et al. (1976) +1 other reference |
| Bedognè et al. (2006) |
| Messana E. (1994) |
Japan | |
| - (n.d.) |
Kenya | |
| USGS Open-File Report 02–156–A +5 other references |
Malta | |
| John et al. (2003) |
Mexico | |
| Cross (2006) |
| |
Namibia | |
| |
Netherlands | |
| T.G. Nijland |
| T.G. Nijland |
| T.G. Nijland |
| T.G. Nijland |
| T.G. Nijland |
| T.G. Nijland |
| T.G. Nijland |
| T.G. Nijland |
| Nijland et al. (2007) | |
| T.G. Nijland | |
Norway | |
| - (Science 155, 1977, 1409) +1 other reference |
Pacific Ocean | |
| Friesen et al. (1995) |
Philippines | |
| Choa et al. (2014) |
Romania | |
| Onac et al. (2007) |
| Dumitras et al. (2000) +1 other reference |
| Onac et al. (2003) |
Russia | |
| Murzin et al. (2013) |
| N.A. Grigoriev et al. (2) |
| Pekov et al. (2004) |
| ... | |
| Zaitsev et al. (2004) |
Saudi Arabia | |
| Saudi Geological Survey Open-File ... +1 other reference |
Slovakia | |
| Povondra et al. (2007) |
South Africa | |
| Miller et al. (2013) |
Spain | |
| Christoph Boutry and Rui Nunes specimens |
| Rosell et al. (2006) |
Sri Lanka | |
| Chandrakumara et al. (2021) |
Sweden | |
| Flink (1924) |
| Eckermann (1948) |
Thailand | |
| Van Kauwenbergh et al. (1988) |
Turkey | |
| Yigit (2012) |
Ukraine | |
| Dvoichenko P.A. The minerals of Crimea (1914) |
| Alexander I. Tischenko (1996) |
| [Specimen in the Natural History Museum | |
USA | |
| U. S. Geological Survey Open-File ... |
| Econ Geol (1987) |
| Murdoch (1966) |
| Page et al. (1956) +2 other references |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Carl (Bob) |
| King et al. (1994) |
| King et al. (1994) |
| King et al. (1994) |
| King et al. (1994) | |
| King et al. (1994) |
| King et al. (1994) | |
| King et al. (1994) |
| Scott Soucey and Tim Blake specimens | |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| Newmont Mining Corporation |
| Am.Jour.Sci. et al. (1921) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| |
| |
| Magma Field Trip Reports |
| Rocks & Minerals: 60: 117. +1 other reference |
| Smith et al. (2000) |
| USGS Prof Paper 297A | |
| Young et al. (1960) |
| Mitchell et al. (1958) |
| AmMin 20:693 | |
Venezuela | |
| Urbani (1996) |
Elvira Mine, Bruguers, Gavà, Baix Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain