Kenhsuite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Kenhsuite
Kenneth J. Hsu
Formula:
Hg2+3S2Cl2
Colour:
Canary yellow when fresh
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
2 - 3
Specific Gravity:
6.87 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
For Dr. Kenneth Junghwa Hsu [June 29, 1929 Nanjing, China - ], Professor Emeritus, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland. Dr. Hsu has had an illustrious career in geology and has been awarded the Wollaston Medal, Penrose medal, Twenhofel Medal, American Association of Petroleum Geologists President's Special Medal, and the Bownocker Medal from his alma mater (Ohio State University) and is a member of the National Academy of Science [USA]. His early career was working as a petroleum geologist, before he entered his academic career. He is also an inventor and holds patents for the integrated hydrologic circuit and the hydrotransitor and 14 other inventions. Dr. Hsu created a major new innovation of residual oil recovery involving water injection into oil reservoirs (colloquially called fracking).
Polymorph of:
This page provides mineralogical data about Kenhsuite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
7131
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:7131:0
Similar Names
| Kansite (of Meyer et al.) | A synonym of Mackinawite |
IMA Classification of Kenhsuite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Hg3S2Cl2
Approval year:
1996
First published:
1998
Classification of Kenhsuite
2.FC.15b
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
F : Sulfides of arsenic, alkalies; sulfides with halide, oxide, hydroxide, H2O
C : With Cl, Br, I (halide-sulfides)
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
F : Sulfides of arsenic, alkalies; sulfides with halide, oxide, hydroxide, H2O
C : With Cl, Br, I (halide-sulfides)
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Khs | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Kenhsuite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Canary yellow when fresh
Streak:
Canary yellow
Hardness:
2 - 3 on Mohs scale
Comment:
Hardness based on synthetic material
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Very Good
Parallel to (100)
Parallel to (100)
Fracture:
Hackly, Conchoidal
Density:
6.87 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Kenhsuite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
Bireflectance:
None
Dispersion:
r >> v extreme
Optical Extinction:
Parallel extinction
Colour in reflected light:
White
Internal Reflections:
Bright canary yellow to pale yellow-white
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Pale yellow to greenish yellow
Comments:
Sign of elongation negative (-) or length fast.
Chemistry of Kenhsuite
Mindat Formula:
Hg2+3S2Cl2
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Kenhsuite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.332(5) Å, b = 16.82(2) Å, c = 9.108(5) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.555 : 1 : 0.541
Unit Cell V:
1429.63 ų
Z:
8
Morphology:
Threadlike fibers, elongate prismatic tablets, and blades.
Comment:
Space group Ammm, A2mm, Am2m, Amm2 or A222
Crystal Structure
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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0009349 | Kenhsuite | Durovic S (1968) The crystal structure of gamma-Hg3S2Cl2 Acta Crystallographica B24 1661-1670 |  | 1968 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0009348 | Kenhsuite | Durovic S (1968) The crystal structure of gamma-Hg3S2Cl2 Acta Crystallographica B24 1661-1670 | | 1968 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0009347 | Kenhsuite | Durovic S (1968) The crystal structure of gamma-Hg3S2Cl2 Acta Crystallographica B24 1661-1670 | | 1968 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.58 Å | (100) |
| 3.65 Å | (90) |
| 3.11 Å | (51) |
| 2.60 Å | (49) |
| 2.83 Å | (36) |
| 6.30 Å | (36) |
| 2.97 Å | (23) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47g : [Halogen-bearing surface weathering minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Kenhsuite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Extremely fine grains dispersed in clay. Fibrous and bladed crystals 1 x 10 µm in length. Isolated masses and individual crystals on fracture surfaces and cavities. Elongate prismatic tablets and blades (1 x 7 x 25 µm).
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History (l7l405 and 171406), Washington, D.C., USA.
W.M. Keck Museum, Mackay School of Mines, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA.
W.M. Keck Museum, Mackay School of Mines, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Hydrothermally altered rhyolitic, tuffaceous lacustrine rock.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Kenhsuite
Other Language Names for Kenhsuite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 26 photos of Kenhsuite associated with Cinnabar | HgS |
| 17 photos of Kenhsuite associated with Corderoite | Hg2+3S2Cl2 |
| 2 photos of Kenhsuite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 1 photo of Kenhsuite associated with Native Mercury | Hg |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.FC. | Demicheleite-(I) | BiSI |
| 2.FC.05 | Djerfisherite | K6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S26Cl |
| 2.FC.05 | Owensite | (Ba,Pb)6(Cu,Fe,Ni)25S27 |
| 2.FC.05 | Thalfenisite | Tl6(Fe,Ni,Cu)25S26Cl |
| 2.FC.05 | Gmalimite | K6◻Fe2+24S27 |
| 2.FC.05 | 'Cu-djerfisherite' | K6(Cu,Fe)25S26Cl |
| 2.FC.05 | Zoharite | (Ba,K)6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S27 |
| 2.FC.10 | Bartonite | K6Fe20S26S |
| 2.FC.10 | Chlorbartonite | K6Fe24S26(Cl,S) |
| 2.FC.15d | Radtkeite | Hg2+3S2ICl |
| 2.FC.15a | Lavrentievite | Hg3S2Cl2 |
| 2.FC.15a | Corderoite | Hg2+3S2Cl2 |
| 2.FC.15a | 'Arzakite' | Hg2+3S2(Br,Cl)2 |
| 2.FC.15c | Grechishchevite | Hg2+3S2(Br,Cl,I)2 |
| 2.FC.20b | Iltisite | HgAgSCl |
| 2.FC.20c | Perroudite | Hg5Ag4S5(I,Br)2Cl2 |
| 2.FC.20a | Capgaronnite | AgHgClS |
| 2.FC.20d | Hanauerite | AgHgSI |
| 2.FC.25 | Demicheleite-(Cl) | BiSCl |
| 2.FC.25 | Demicheleite-(Br) | BiSBr |
Fluorescence of Kenhsuite
Red to red-orange under long-wave UV (366 nm). The fluorescence weakens for samples exposed to sunlight.
Other Information
Notes:
Photosensitive: blackens within a few minutes on exposure to direct sunlight.
Special Storage/
Display Requirements:
Display Requirements:
Photosensitive
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Kenhsuite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-7131.html
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Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Kenhsuite
Reference List:
Puff, Heinrich, Harpain, Arthur, Hoop, Klaus-Peter (1966) Polymorphie bei Quecksilberschwefel-Halogeniden. Die Naturwissenschaften, 53 (11). 274 doi:10.1007/bf00621645
Carlson, Ernest H. (1967) The growth of HgS and Hg3S2Cl2 single crystals by a vapor phase method. Journal of Crystal Growth, 1 (5). 271-277 doi:10.1016/0022-0248(67)90033-4
Localities for Kenhsuite
Showing 5 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Rudashevsky et al. (2018) |
Spain | |
| Calvo Rebollar et al. (2022) +1 other reference |
| Viñals et al. (2007) |
| Vinals et al. (2007) | |
USA (TL) | |
| McCormack et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
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Oriental Mine, El Hembrar, Chóvar, Castellón, Valencian Community, Spain