Perroudite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Perroudite
Pierre Perroud
Formula:
Hg5Ag4S5(I,Br)2Cl2
Colour:
Bright red
Lustre:
Adamantine, Vitreous
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
6.75 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named by H. Sarp, W.D. Birch, P.F. Hlava, A. Pring, D.K. Sewell, and E.H. Nickel in 1987 in honor of Pierre Perroud (3 November 1943, Geneva, Switzerland - ) Professor at Collège Voltaire, Geneva, Switzerland, for his work on Cap Garonne minerals. Perroud also developed the first online mineral database, Athena (https://athena.unige.ch/).
Chemically related to hanauerite.
The iodine (I) analogue of Unnamed (Br-analogue of Perroudite) (I replaces Br in the crystal structure).
The iodine (I) analogue of Unnamed (Br-analogue of Perroudite) (I replaces Br in the crystal structure).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3169
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3169:7
Similar Names
| Pierrotite | A valid IMA mineral species | Tl2(Sb,As)10S16 |
| Pirrotite | A synonym of Pyrrhotite | |
| Proudite | A valid IMA mineral species | CuPb7.5Bi9.33(S,Se)22 |
IMA Classification of Perroudite
Classification of Perroudite
2.FC.20c
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
F : Sulfides of arsenic, alkalies; sulfides with halide, oxide, hydroxide, H2O
C : With Cl, Br, I (halide-sulfides)
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
F : Sulfides of arsenic, alkalies; sulfides with halide, oxide, hydroxide, H2O
C : With Cl, Br, I (halide-sulfides)
2.15.5.1
2 : SULFIDES
15 : Chlor-sulfides
2 : SULFIDES
15 : Chlor-sulfides
6.5.7
6 : Sulphosalts - Sulphostannates, Sulphogermanates,Sulpharsenates, Sulphantimonates, Sulphovanadates and Sulphohalides
5 : Sulphohalides
6 : Sulphosalts - Sulphostannates, Sulphogermanates,Sulpharsenates, Sulphantimonates, Sulphovanadates and Sulphohalides
5 : Sulphohalides
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Pro | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Perroudite
Adamantine, Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Bright red
Streak:
Reddish-orange
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{100}
{100}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
6.75 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Calculated densities: 6.60 g/cm3 (CoppinPool); 6.86 g/cm3 (Cap-Garonne); 6.92 g/cm3 (Broken Hill). Density could not be measured.
Optical Data of Perroudite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 2.3 nβ = 2.4 nγ = 2.3
2V:
Measured: 70°
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r > v, very strong.
Optical Extinction:
X = c; Y = b; Z = a.
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
Very intense. X = dark brownish red; Y = yellow; Z= brownish-yellow.
Chemistry of Perroudite
Mindat Formula:
Hg5Ag4S5(I,Br)2Cl2
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Perroudite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
222 - Disphenoidal
Space Group:
P21212
Cell Parameters:
a = 17.47 Å, b = 12.23 Å, c = 4.29 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.428 : 1 : 0.351
Unit Cell V:
917.5 ų
Morphology:
Prismatic on [001], flattened on {100}. May have hollow terminations. Forms include are {100}, {001}, and minor {010} and {0hl}.
Twinning:
Contact twinned 0hl?
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0001135 | Perroudite | Mumme W G, Nickel E H (1987) Crystal structure and crystal chemistry of perroudite: A mineral from Coppin Pool, Western Australia American Mineralogist 72 1257-1262 |  | 1987 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.012 Å | (100) |
| 2.965 Å | (80) |
| 3.945 Å | (60) |
| 2.638 Å | (35) |
| 3.694 Å | (30) |
| 2.740 Å | (30) |
| 2.446 Å | (30) |
Comments:
Cap Garonne mine, France. The data are from Sarp et al. 1987.
The data for Coppin Pool, Australia (Mumme and Nickel 1987) are: 2.982 (100), 2.724 (40), 3.948 (30), 2.629 (20), 2.442 (20), 2.141 (20), 2.071 (20).
The data for Coppin Pool, Australia (Mumme and Nickel 1987) are: 2.982 (100), 2.724 (40), 3.948 (30), 2.629 (20), 2.442 (20), 2.141 (20), 2.071 (20).
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47g : [Halogen-bearing surface weathering minerals] |
Geological Setting:
Supergene zone
Type Occurrence of Perroudite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Fibrous tufted aggregates.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
From Cap Garonne:
Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Genève, Switzerland number 477.072 (holotype/cotype).
Musée Géologique Cantonal, Lausanne, Switzerland, number MGL 53202 (holotype).
From Coppin Pool:
Museum of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia (type).
Musée Géologique Cantonal, Lausanne, Switzerland, number MGL 90694 (type).
Also:
Archiv der Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany, number ST-86.35 (holotype).
Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Genève, Switzerland number 477.072 (holotype/cotype).
Musée Géologique Cantonal, Lausanne, Switzerland, number MGL 53202 (holotype).
From Coppin Pool:
Museum of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia (type).
Musée Géologique Cantonal, Lausanne, Switzerland, number MGL 90694 (type).
Also:
Archiv der Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany, number ST-86.35 (holotype).
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Oxidation zone of copper lead mine.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Perroudite
Other Language Names for Perroudite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 32 photos of Perroudite associated with Capgaronnite | AgHgClS |
| 20 photos of Perroudite associated with Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 13 photos of Perroudite associated with Iltisite | HgAgSCl |
| 5 photos of Perroudite associated with Dickite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| 4 photos of Perroudite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 3 photos of Perroudite associated with Corderoite | Hg2+3S2Cl2 |
| 3 photos of Perroudite associated with Parnauite | Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10 · 7H2O |
| 3 photos of Perroudite associated with Cinnabar | HgS |
| 2 photos of Perroudite associated with Conichalcite | CaCu(AsO4)(OH) |
| 2 photos of Perroudite associated with Chenevixite | Cu2Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.FC. | Demicheleite-(I) | BiSI |
| 2.FC.05 | Djerfisherite | K6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S26Cl |
| 2.FC.05 | Owensite | (Ba,Pb)6(Cu,Fe,Ni)25S27 |
| 2.FC.05 | Thalfenisite | Tl6(Fe,Ni,Cu)25S26Cl |
| 2.FC.05 | Gmalimite | K6◻Fe2+24S27 |
| 2.FC.05 | 'Cu-djerfisherite' | K6(Cu,Fe)25S26Cl |
| 2.FC.05 | Zoharite | (Ba,K)6(Fe,Cu,Ni)25S27 |
| 2.FC.10 | Bartonite | K6Fe20S26S |
| 2.FC.10 | Chlorbartonite | K6Fe24S26(Cl,S) |
| 2.FC.15d | Radtkeite | Hg2+3S2ICl |
| 2.FC.15a | Lavrentievite | Hg3S2Cl2 |
| 2.FC.15a | Corderoite | Hg2+3S2Cl2 |
| 2.FC.15a | 'Arzakite' | Hg2+3S2(Br,Cl)2 |
| 2.FC.15c | Grechishchevite | Hg2+3S2(Br,Cl,I)2 |
| 2.FC.15b | Kenhsuite | Hg2+3S2Cl2 |
| 2.FC.20b | Iltisite | HgAgSCl |
| 2.FC.20a | Capgaronnite | AgHgClS |
| 2.FC.20d | Hanauerite | AgHgSI |
| 2.FC.25 | Demicheleite-(Cl) | BiSCl |
| 2.FC.25 | Demicheleite-(Br) | BiSBr |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Perroudite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3169.html
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References for Perroudite
Reference List:
Sarp, Halil, Birch, William D., Hlava, Paul F., Pring, Allan, Sewell, David K. B., Nickel, Ernest H. (1987) Perroudite, a new sulfide-halide of Hg and Ag from Cap-Garonne, Var, France, and from Broken Hill, New South Wales, and Coppin Pool, Western Australia. American Mineralogist, 72 (11-12) 1251-1256
Mumme, William G., Nickel, Ernest H. (1987) Crystal structure and crystal chemistry of perroudite: A mineral from Coppin Pool, Western Australia. American Mineralogist, 72 (11-12) 1257-1262
Keller, Paul, Lissner, Falk, Schleid, Thomas (2005) Single-crystal structure determination of perroudite, Hg5Ag4S5(I, Br)2Cl2, from Tsumeb (Namibia), and its structural relationships to other sulfide halides of mercury and cinnabar. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen, 181 (1) 1-9 doi:10.1127/0077-7757/2005/0181-0004
Localities for Perroudite
Showing 29 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Sarp et al. (1987) |
| Museum Victoria mineral collection | |
| Nickel et al. (1993) |
| Nickel et al. (1993) | |
| Nickel (1985) +1 other reference |
Chile | |
| SEM-EDS by Stefan Diller |
| Kampf et al. (2006) | |
| Maurizio Dini & Robert Jenkins ... +1 other reference |
France (TL) | |
| Sarp et al. (1987) +2 other references |
| Favreau (n.d.) | |
Germany | |
| Heidtke (2001) |
| Heidtke (2001) |
| Witzke et al. (2000) | |
| Schnorrer (1993) +1 other reference |
| Krause (1988) |
Greece | |
| Uwe Kolitsch and Branko Rieck (unpubl. SEM-EDS results) +2 other references |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya |
Indonesia | |
| Scotney et al. (2005) |
Italy | |
| Fernando Caboni et al. (2024) |
| Fernando Caboni et al. (2024) | |
Namibia | |
| Keller et al. (2005) |
Russia | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra |
Spain | |
| Favreau (n.d.) |
| Calvo Sevillano et al. (2011) |
| Bocamina (4) |
| Calvo Sevillano et al. (2011) |
| Vinals et al. (2007) |
USA | |
| Southern California Micromounters ... |
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Cap Garonne Mine, Le Pradet, Toulon, Var, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France