Puschridgeite
A valid IMA mineral species
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
Formula:
Mn(C2H3O3)2(H2O)2
Colour:
colorless
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
1½
Specific Gravity:
1.74
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
for the type locality
Type Locality:
Isostructural with:
The Mn analogue of stanevansite. The first manganese glycolate among minerals.
Structures are characterized by the mononuclear complex [M2+(C2H3O3)2(H2O)2] (M = Zn, Mn, Mg), which is connected to one another by hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture. Each M cation is octahedrally coordinated by two chelating glycolate ligands and two H2O molecules.
Structures are characterized by the mononuclear complex [M2+(C2H3O3)2(H2O)2] (M = Zn, Mn, Mg), which is connected to one another by hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture. Each M cation is octahedrally coordinated by two chelating glycolate ligands and two H2O molecules.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
488809
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:488809:9
IMA Classification of Puschridgeite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Mn2+(C2H3O3)1-2(H2O)2
Approval year:
2025
Approval history:
IMA No. 2025-030
Type description reference:
Yang, Hexiong; Kampf, Anthony R.; Gu, Xiangping; Lazar, Warren; Gibbs, Ronald B.; Downs, Robert T. (2026) Domitrovicite, Zn(C2H3O3)2(H2O)2, and Puschridgeite, Mn(C2H3O3)2(H2O)2, Two New Glycolate Minerals from the Santa Catalina Mountains, Tucson, Arizona, USA. The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 64 (3). p.275-294. doi:10.3749/2500065
Classification of Puschridgeite
10.AA.40
10 : ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
A : Salts of organic acids
A : Formates, Acetates, etc.
10 : ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
A : Salts of organic acids
A : Formates, Acetates, etc.
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Phd | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Puschridgeite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Colorless
Streak:
White
Hardness:
1½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
on {100}
on {100}
Density:
1.74(3) g/cm3 (Measured) 1.77 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Puschridgeite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.467(2) nβ = 1.535(2) nγ = 1.542(2)
2V:
Measured: 34° (2), Calculated: 34.3°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.075
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Low (negative)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Chemistry of Puschridgeite
Mindat Formula:
Mn(C2H3O3)2(H2O)2
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Puschridgeite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.6137(5) Å, b = 5.9139(3) Å, c = 12.5694(6) Å
β = 92.112(2)°
β = 92.112(2)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.964 : 1 : 2.125
Unit Cell V:
862.71 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 5.620 Å | (43) |
| 5.347 Å | (100) |
| 4.832 Å | (50) |
| 4.312 Å | (20) |
| 3.880 Å | (36) |
| 3.121 Å | (59) |
| 2.877 Å | (24) |
| 2.037 Å | (23) |
Type Occurrence of Puschridgeite
General Appearance of Type Material:
bladed or prismatic crystals
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
(1) the collections of the University of Arizona Alfie Norville Gem & Mineral Museum, 115 N Church Ave Ste 121, Tucson, AZ 85701, USA, catalogue no. 22743 (holotype), and
(2) the RRUFF Project, deposition no. R240015 (cotype)
(2) the RRUFF Project, deposition no. R240015 (cotype)
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Yang, Hexiong; Kampf, Anthony R.; Gu, Xiangping; Lazar, Warren; Gibbs, Ronald B.; Downs, Robert T. (2026) Domitrovicite, Zn(C2H3O3)2(H2O)2, and Puschridgeite, Mn(C2H3O3)2(H2O)2, Two New Glycolate Minerals from the Santa Catalina Mountains, Tucson, Arizona, USA. The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 64 (3). p.275-294. doi:10.3749/2500065
Synonyms of Puschridgeite
Other Language Names for Puschridgeite
Dutch:Puschridgeiet
Relationship of Puschridgeite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Glycolate Subgroup:
| Glecklerite | Na(C2H3O3) | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbcm |
| Jimkrieghite | Ca(C2H3O3)2 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca |
| Lazaraskeite | Cu(C2H3O3)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Lianbinite | (NH4)(C2H3O3)(C2H4O3) | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Rasmussenite | Ca(C2H3O3)2 · 3H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Stanevansite | Mg(C2H3O3)2 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 10.AA. | Henrysunite | Na2(C2H3O3)2(H2O) |
| 10.AA.05 | Formicaite | Ca(HCOO)2 |
| 10.AA.10 | Dashkovaite | Mg(HCOO)2 · 2H2O |
| 10.AA.20 | Acetamide | CH3CONH2 |
| 10.AA.25 | Calclacite | Ca(CH3COO)Cl · 5H2O |
| 10.AA.30 | Paceite | CaCu(CH3COO)4 · 6H2O |
| 10.AA.35 | Hoganite | Cu(CH3COO)2 · H2O |
| 10.AA.40 | Lianbinite | (NH4)(C2H3O3)(C2H4O3) |
| 10.AA.40 | Domitrovicite | Zn(C2H3O3)2 · 2H2O |
| 10.AA.40 | Lazaraskeite | Cu(C2H3O3)2 |
| 10.AA.40 | Glecklerite | Na(C2H3O3) |
| 10.AA.40 | Jimkrieghite | Ca(C2H3O3)2 |
| 10.AA.40 | Stanevansite | Mg(C2H3O3)2 · 2H2O |
| 10.AA.40 | Rasmussenite | Ca(C2H3O3)2 · 3H2O |
| 10.AA.45 | Marchettiite | C5H7N5O3 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Puschridgeite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-488809.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Puschridgeite
Reference List:
Yang, Hexiong; Kampf, Anthony R.; Gu, Xiangping; Lazar, Warren; Gibbs, Ronald B.; Downs, Robert T. (2026) Domitrovicite, Zn(C2H3O3)2(H2O)2, and Puschridgeite, Mn(C2H3O3)2(H2O)2, Two New Glycolate Minerals from the Santa Catalina Mountains, Tucson, Arizona, USA. The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 64 (3). p.275-294. doi:10.3749/2500065
Localities for Puschridgeite
Showing 1 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
USA (TL) | |
| Yang et al. (2025) |
