Wilkmanite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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Wanold W. Wilkman
Formula:
Ni3Se4
Colour:
Yellow-gray
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
6.96 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in honour of Wanold Wrydon Wilkman (13 March 1872, Uusikirkko, Finland — 27 December 1937, Helsinki, Finland), geologist with the Geological Survey of Finland. Wilkman was an assistant geologist at the Geological Survey of Finland from 1895 and a state geologist from 1932. The University of Helsinki awarded him an honorary doctorate in 1936. He mapped the bedrock of Finland and published geological map sheets with explanations, which contain a thorough account of the geology of the so-called Karelian shale belt.
Type Locality:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4291
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4291:4
Similar Names
| Wickmanite | A valid IMA mineral species | Mn2+[Sn(OH)6] |
IMA Classification of Wilkmanite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1964
Classification of Wilkmanite
2.D0.15
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
0 :
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
0 :
2.10.2.1
2 : SULFIDES
10 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 3:4
2 : SULFIDES
10 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 3:4
3.11.17
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
11 : Sulphides etc. of Ni
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
11 : Sulphides etc. of Ni
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Wkm | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Wilkmanite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Yellow-gray
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Density:
6.96 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Wilkmanite
Anisotropism:
Strong, pink to yellowish-green
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
Pale yellow to grayish yellow
Chemistry of Wilkmanite
Mindat Formula:
Ni3Se4
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Co,Cu,Fe
Crystallography of Wilkmanite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.22 Å, b = 3.63 Å, c = 10.52 Å
β = 90.53°
β = 90.53°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.713 : 1 : 2.898
Unit Cell V:
237.52 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Comment:
Space Group: I2/m.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
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Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
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Remove metal-metal sticks
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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0014700 | Wilkmanite | Hiller J E, Wegener W (1960) Untersuchungen im system nickel-selen Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 94 1147-1159 | 1960 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0014699 | Wilkmanite | Hiller J E, Wegener W (1960) Untersuchungen im system nickel-selen Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 94 1147-1159 | 1960 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.70 Å | (100) |
| 2.02 Å | (100) |
| 1.800 Å | (100) |
| 2.00 Å | (80) |
| 1.815 Å | (80) |
| 1.532 Å | (60) |
| 1.497 Å | (60) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Wilkmanite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Wilkmanite
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care, especially when they may be cursed.
Internet Links for Wilkmanite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4291.html
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References for Wilkmanite
Reference List:
Localities for Wilkmanite
Showing 2 localities.
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The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Finland | |
| Vuorelainen et al. (1964) +1 other reference |
| Vuorelainen et al. (1964) |
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