Tvalchrelidzeite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Tvalchrelidzeite
Alexander A. Tvalchrelidze
Formula:
Hg3SbAsS3
Originally given as Hg12(Sb,As)8S15.
Colour:
Lead-gray, very dark red, dark cherry red in transmitted light
Lustre:
Adamantine
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
7.380
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named after Alexander Anton Tvalchrelidze (19 November (1 Dec) 1881, Stanitsa Batalpashinskaya, Russian Empire (now Cherkessk, Russia) - 29 July 1957, Tbilisi, Georgia), academician, and founder of the mineralogical-petrographic school, Georgia Academy of Science in 1919. He wrote the first crystallography textbooks in Georgian. He also led numerous expeditions that discovered useful deposits of metals, marble, and in particular, clay deposits.
This page provides mineralogical data about Tvalchrelidzeite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4064
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4064:4
IMA Classification of Tvalchrelidzeite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Hg2+3Sb3+As3-S2-3
Approval year:
1974
First published:
1975
Classification of Tvalchrelidzeite
2.GC.45
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
G : Sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites
C : Poly-sulfarsenites
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
G : Sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites
C : Poly-sulfarsenites
3.8.3.1
3 : SULFOSALTS
8 : 1 < ø < 2
3 : SULFOSALTS
8 : 1 < ø < 2
5.4.8
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
4 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Zn and Hg
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
4 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Zn and Hg
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Tva | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Tvalchrelidzeite
Adamantine
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Lead-gray, very dark red, dark cherry red in transmitted light
Streak:
Nearly black witha dark reddish tint
Hardness:
3 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect in one direction
Perfect in one direction
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
7.380(5) g/cm3 (Measured)
Optical Data of Tvalchrelidzeite
Anisotropism:
Dark olive to dark violet
Bireflectance:
Distinct
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 39.9% | 45.0% |
| 420nm | 40.0% | 44.5% |
| 440nm | 40.1% | 43.4% |
| 460nm | 40.3% | 42.6% |
| 480nm | 40.7% | 40.9% |
| 500nm | 40.8% | 39.9% |
| 520nm | 40.6% | 38.7% |
| 540nm | 39.2% | 37.1% |
| 560nm | 37.7% | 35.8% |
| 580nm | 36.5% | 34.8% |
| 600nm | 35.5% | 34.0% |
| 620nm | 34.7% | 33.4% |
| 640nm | 33.8% | 32.8% |
| 660nm | 33.2% | 32.4% |
| 680nm | 32.6% | 32.0% |
| 700nm | 32.0% | 31.6% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 45.0%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Whitish
Internal Reflections:
Strong, dark red
Chemistry of Tvalchrelidzeite
Mindat Formula:
Hg3SbAsS3
Originally given as Hg12(Sb,As)8S15.
Originally given as Hg12(Sb,As)8S15.
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Cu
Crystallography of Tvalchrelidzeite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.5526 Å, b = 4.3852 Å, c = 156373 Å
β = 91.845(2)°
β = 91.845(2)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.634 : 1 : 35659.263
Unit Cell V:
791.79 ų
Comment:
Space group P21/n.
Crystal Structure
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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0006159 | Tvalchrelidzeite | Yang H, Downs R T, Costin G, Eichler C M (2007) The crystal structure of tvalchrelidzeite, Hg3SbAsS3, and a revision of its chemical formula The Canadian Mineralogist 45 1529-1533 |  | 2007 | Gomi deposit, Rioni River Valley, Caucacus Mountains, Georgia | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.49 Å | (100) |
| 2.92 Å | (100) |
| 2.89 Å | (100) |
| 2.080 Å | (100) |
| 3.29 Å | (70) |
| 2.031 Å | (35) |
| 3.19 Å | (30) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Tvalchrelidzeite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Granular aggregates
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 77110.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 143827.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 143827.
Synonyms of Tvalchrelidzeite
Other Language Names for Tvalchrelidzeite
Dutch:Tvalchrelidzeiet
German:Tvalchrelidzeit
Simplified Chinese:硫砷锑汞矿
Spanish:Tvalchrelidzeita
Traditional Chinese:硫砷銻汞礦
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 3 photos of Tvalchrelidzeite associated with Metacinnabar | HgS |
| 1 photo of Tvalchrelidzeite associated with Cinnabar | HgS |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.GC.05 | Hatchite | AgTlPbAs2S5 |
| 2.GC.05 | Wallisite | (Cu,Ag)TlPbAs2S5 |
| 2.GC.10 | Sinnerite | Cu6As4S9 |
| 2.GC.15 | Watanabeite | Cu4(As,Sb)2S5 |
| 2.GC.20 | Simonite | TlHgAs3S6 |
| 2.GC.25 | Quadratite | Ag(Cd,Pb)AsS3 |
| 2.GC.25 | Manganoquadratite | AgMnAsS3 |
| 2.GC.30 | Smithite | AgAsS2 |
| 2.GC.35 | Trechmannite | AgAsS2 |
| 2.GC.35 | Debattistiite | Ag9Hg0.5As6S12Te2 |
| 2.GC.40a | Aleksite | PbBi2Te2S2 |
| 2.GC.40d | Saddlebackite | Pb2Bi2Te2S3 |
| 2.GC.40c | Rucklidgeite | PbBi2Te4 |
| 2.GC.40 | Clogauite | PbBi4Te4S3 |
| 2.GC.40e | Babkinite | Pb2Bi2(S,Se)3 |
| 2.GC.40b | Kochkarite | PbBi4Te7 |
| 2.GC.40c | Poubaite | PbBi2(Se,Te,S)4 |
| 2.GC.50 | Mutnovskite | Pb4As2S6ICl |
Other Information
Electrical:
Poor conductor of electricity
Notes:
Etch tests with standard reagents gave no positive results.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Tvalchrelidzeite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4064.html
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References for Tvalchrelidzeite
Reference List:
Jambor, John L., Vanko, David A. (1989) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 74 (7-8) 946-951 p.949
Localities for Tvalchrelidzeite
Showing 8 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada | |
| Robinson (1986) +2 other references |
| Sabina (1991) | |
| Powell et al. (1997) | |
Georgia (TL) | |
| Gruzdev et al. (1975) +1 other reference |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Am Min 74: 949. +2 other references |
Russia | |
| Krapiva et al. (1986) +2 other references |
USA | |
| Anthony et al. (1990) +2 other references |
| Osterberg (1990) |
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Gomi As-Sb-Hg deposit, Oni District, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, Georgia