Tuliokite
A valid IMA mineral species
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
About Tuliokite
Formula:
Na6BaTh(CO3)6 · 6H2O
Colour:
Colourless, white
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
3 - 4
Specific Gravity:
3.15
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Name:
Named after the Tuliok River which rises at Mt. Kukisvumchorr, Khibiny massif, Kola peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Russia, where the mineral was first found (In Kirov Mine horizon + 252)
This page provides mineralogical data about Tuliokite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4047
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4047:7
Similar Names
| Kuliokite-(Y) | A valid IMA mineral species | Y4Al(SiO4)2(OH)2F5 |
IMA Classification of Tuliokite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Na6BaTh4+(CO3)6·6H2O
Approval year:
1988
First published:
1990
Classification of Tuliokite
5.CB.50
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
C : Carbonates without additional anions, with H2O
B : With large cations (alkali and alkali-earth carbonates)
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
C : Carbonates without additional anions, with H2O
B : With large cations (alkali and alkali-earth carbonates)
15.4.6.1
15 : HYDRATED NORMAL CARBONATES
4 : AmBn(XO3)p·xH2O, with (m+n):p < 1:1
15 : HYDRATED NORMAL CARBONATES
4 : AmBn(XO3)p·xH2O, with (m+n):p < 1:1
11.9.6
11 : Carbonates
9 : Carbonates of Pb, Zr and Th
11 : Carbonates
9 : Carbonates of Pb, Zr and Th
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Tli | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Tuliokite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colourless, white
Comment:
May contain finely dispered inclusions of iron-bearing sulphides or solid organics which makes the color dark-grey to black.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3 - 4 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
3.15(1) g/cm3 (Measured) 3.25 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Tuliokite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.574(2) nε = 1.587(2)
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.013
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Chemistry of Tuliokite
Mindat Formula:
Na6BaTh(CO3)6 · 6H2O
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
ORG
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
| 1 | 2 | |
|---|---|---|
| Na2O | 17.90 % | 19.06 % |
| CaO | 0.10 % | |
| BaO | 14.60 % | 15.72 % |
| Fe2O3 | 0.40 % | |
| ThO2 | 24.30 % | 27.07 % |
| H2O | 14.00 % | 11.08 % |
| CO2 | 27.07 % | |
| Total: | 71.3 % | 100 % |
Sample references:
| ID | Type | Locality | Reference | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Type Specimen | Kirovskii apatite mine, Kukisvumchorr Mt, Murmansk Oblast, Russia | Microprobe | |
| 2 | Type Specimen | " " | Ideal composition |
Crystallography of Tuliokite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3 - Rhombohedral
Space Group:
R3
Cell Parameters:
a = 14.175(7) Å, c = 8.605(4) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.607
Unit Cell V:
1,497.36 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
3
Morphology:
Small prismatic crystals dominated by hexagonal prism {1120}, rhombohedral {1011} and pinacoidal {0001} faces.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0012481 | Tuliokite | Yamnova N A, Pushcharovsky D Yu, Voloshin A V (1990) Crystal structure of the tuliokite - a new natural Na, Ba, Th carbonate Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 310 99-102 | 1990 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 7.03 Å | (85) |
| 4.07 Å | (60) |
| 3.15 Å | (80) |
| 2.674 Å | (90) |
| 2354 Å | (100) |
| 1959 Å | (65) |
Comments:
Yakovenchuk et al. (1990)
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 22 : Hydration and low-? subsurface aqueous alteration (see also #23) | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks |
Type Occurrence of Tuliokite
General Appearance of Type Material:
prismatic to rhombohedral crystals, to 4 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Geology Museum, Kola Branch, Academy of Sciences, Apatity, 5947; Mining Institute, St. Petersburg, 2024/1; A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, r430/2.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Hydrothermal vein within urtite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Tuliokite
Other Language Names for Tuliokite
Common Associates
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 5.CB. | Piilonenite-(Nd) | NaNd(CO3)2(H2O)3 |
| 5.CB. | Paulišite | Ca2Zn(CO3)3 · 2H2O |
| 5.CB.05 | Thermonatrite | Na2CO3 · H2O |
| 5.CB.10 | Natron | Na2CO3 · 10H2O |
| 5.CB.15 | Trona | Na3H(CO3)2 · 2H2O |
| 5.CB.20 | Monohydrocalcite | CaCO3 · H2O |
| 5.CB.25 | Ikaite | CaCO3 · 6H2O |
| 5.CB.30 | Pirssonite | Na2Ca(CO3)2 · 2H2O |
| 5.CB.35 | Gaylussite | Na2Ca(CO3)2 · 5H2O |
| 5.CB.40 | Chalconatronite | Na2Cu(CO3)2 · 3H2O |
| 5.CB.45 | Baylissite | K2Mg(CO3)2 · 4H2O |
Radioactivity
Radioactivity:
| Element | % Content | Activity (Bq/kg) | Radiation Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uranium (U) | 0.0000% | 0 | α, β, γ |
| Thorium (Th) | 23.7878% | 951,512 | α, β, γ |
| Potassium (K) | 0.0000% | 0 | β, γ |
For comparison:
- Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
- Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
- EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg
Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.
Interactive Simulator:
Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!
Activity: –
| Distance | Dose rate | Risk |
|---|---|---|
| 1 cm | ||
| 10 cm | ||
| 1 m |
The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μshield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).
D = ((AU × ΓU) + (ATh × ΓTh) + (AK × ΓK)) / r2 × μshield
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Tuliokite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4047.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Tuliokite
Localities for Tuliokite
Showing 1 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Russia (TL) | |
| Yakovenchuk et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
Quick NavTopAbout TuliokiteUnique IdentifiersSimilar NamesIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Chemical AnalysisCrystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatRadioactivityOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Kirovskii apatite mine, Kukisvumchorr Mt, Murmansk Oblast, Russia