Rowlandite-(Y)
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Rowlandite-(Y)
Henry Augustus Rowland
Formula:
(Y,Ce)4Fe2+(Si2O7)2F2 (?)
Colour:
Pale dull green, greyish white
Lustre:
Vitreous, Waxy
Hardness:
5½ - 6½
Specific Gravity:
4.33 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Name:
Named in honor of Henry Augustus Rowland (27 November 1848, Honesdale, Pennsylvania, USA - 16 April 1901, Baltimore, Maryland, USA), Professor of Physics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, for his spectrographic work on rare-earth elements. He is also known for developing a diffraction grating that now bears his name. Originally named simply rowlandite, the suffix was added in 1987 to denote the dominant rare earth element.
Type Locality:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3467
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3467:4
Similar Names
| Rilandite | A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered - questionable | Cr6SiO11 · 5H2O (?) |
| Rollandite | A valid IMA mineral species | Cu3(AsO4)2 · 4H2O |
IMA Classification of Rowlandite-(Y)
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA status notes:
Renamed by the IMA
IMA Formula:
Fe2+Y4(Si2O7)2F2
First published:
1891
Type description reference:
Classification of Rowlandite-(Y)
9.HG.20
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
H : Unclassified silicates
G : With REE, Th
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
H : Unclassified silicates
G : With REE, Th
55.2.1b.1
55 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups,Generally with no Additional Anions
2 : Si2O7 Groups, Generally with no Additional Anions with cations in [6] coordination
55 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups,Generally with no Additional Anions
2 : Si2O7 Groups, Generally with no Additional Anions with cations in [6] coordination
17.1.18
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
1 : Silicates with fluoride (not containing Al)
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
1 : Silicates with fluoride (not containing Al)
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Row-Y | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Rowlandite-(Y)
Vitreous, Waxy
Transparency:
Transparent
Comment:
Waxy when altered
Colour:
Pale dull green, greyish white
Comment:
alters to brick red
Hardness:
5½ - 6½ on Mohs scale
Density:
4.33 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
4.30 - metamict, 4.55 when heated to 050 for hour, 4.85 when crystalline
Optical Data of Rowlandite-(Y)
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.763 nγ = 1.769
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.006
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Comments:
Isotropic when metamict (n=1.704; 1.76 when heated)
Chemistry of Rowlandite-(Y)
Mindat Formula:
(Y,Ce)4Fe2+(Si2O7)2F2 (?)
Crystallography of Rowlandite-(Y)
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.59 Å, b = 8.65 Å, c = 5.53 Å
α = 99.03°, β = 104.12°, γ = 91.47°
α = 99.03°, β = 104.12°, γ = 91.47°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.762 : 1 : 0.639
Unit Cell V:
301.24 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Small irregular masses.
Comment:
Commonly metamict.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites |
Geological Setting:
Rare earth bearing pegmatites
Type Occurrence of Rowlandite-(Y)
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No designated type material.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Rare earth pegmatite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Rowlandite-(Y)
Dutch:Rowlandiet-(Y)
German:Rowlandit-(Y)
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 2 photos of Rowlandite-(Y) associated with Gadolinite-(Y) | Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10 |
| 2 photos of Rowlandite-(Y) associated with 'Yttrofluorite' | (Ca1-xYx)F2+x where 0.05 < x < 0.3 |
| 1 photo of Rowlandite-(Y) associated with Lusernaite-(Y) | Y4Al(CO3)2(OH)10F · 6H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.HG.15 | Umbozerite | Na3Sr4Th[Si(O,OH)3-4]8 |
| 9.HG.20 | Mendeleevite-(Nd) | Cs6(Nd,REE,Ca)30(Si70O175)(OH,F,H2O)35 |
| 9.HG.20 | Mendeleevite-(Ce) | Cs6(Ce,REE,Ca)30(Si70O175)(OH,F,H2O)35 |
Other Information
Notes:
Commonly metamict
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Rowlandite-(Y)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3467.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Rowlandite-(Y)
Reference List:
Frondel, Clifford (1961) Two yttrium minerals; spencite and rowlandite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 6 (5). 576-581
Localities for Rowlandite-(Y)
Showing 12 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada | |
| www.minsocam.org/msa/Handbook/RowlanditeY.PDF. (reference unsubstantiated) |
Finland | |
| Siivola (1975) |
Kazakhstan | |
Norway | |
| Husdal (2008) |
| Husdal (2019) +1 other reference |
| Husdal (2008) +1 other reference | |
| Larsen (2017) +1 other reference |
Romania | |
| HÎRTOPANU et al. (2014) |
Sweden | |
| Berg & Mineral 9 (23) |
USA | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Crook et al. (1977) +1 other reference |
| Landes (1932) +2 other references |
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Hundholmen, Narvik, Nordland, Norway