Paulkellerite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Paulkellerite
Prof. Paul Keller
Formula:
(BiO)2Fe3+(PO4)(OH)2
Colour:
Yellow-green
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
4
Specific Gravity:
6.17 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in honor of Paul Keller (*July 27, 1940 in Sărata, Romania - † November 4, 2022 in Stuttgart, Germany). Paul Keller was professor of mineralogy at the University of Stuttgart (Germany) and a specialist in granite pegmatites and in the mineralogy of the secondary minerals from ore deposits.
This page provides mineralogical data about Paulkellerite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3133
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3133:8
IMA Classification of Paulkellerite
Classification of Paulkellerite
8.BM.10
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
M : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 4:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
M : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 4:1
41.3.8.1
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
3 : (AB)3(XO4)Zq
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
3 : (AB)3(XO4)Zq
19.10.12
19 : Phosphates
10 : Phosphates of Pb, Th, V and Bi
19 : Phosphates
10 : Phosphates of Pb, Th, V and Bi
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Pkl | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Paulkellerite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Yellow-green
Streak:
Light yellow
Hardness:
4 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
None Observed
Density:
6.17 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Paulkellerite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.762(2) nβ = 1.767(2) nγ = 1.825(5)
2V:
Measured: 37° (2), Calculated: 34°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.063
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
absent
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemistry of Paulkellerite
Mindat Formula:
(BiO)2Fe3+(PO4)(OH)2
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
CO2
Crystallography of Paulkellerite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/b
Setting:
C2/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.380(3) Å, b = 6.660(3) Å, c = 9.653(3) Å
β = 115.34(2)°
β = 115.34(2)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.709 : 1 : 1.449
Unit Cell V:
661.22 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Simple morphology displaying two dominant prisms, {110} and {011}, and a poorly developed pinacoid {101}.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0001191 | Paulkellerite | Grice J D, Groat L A (1988) Crystal structure of paulkellerite American Mineralogist 73 873-875 |  | 1988 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.123 Å | (100) |
| 2.162 Å | (40) |
| 2.804 Å | (30) |
| 1.442 Å | (30) |
| 5.125 Å | (20) |
| 3.913 Å | (20) |
| 3.338 Å | (20) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] |
Type Occurrence of Paulkellerite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Wedge-shaped, euhedral crystals, with slightly curved faces, which vary from 0.2 to 0.8 mm in size.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 163777. Part of the holotype is in the National Museum of Natural Sciences in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, NMNS no. 53450, and the remainder is at the Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Secondary mineral formed from alteration of ore containing bismuth and a skutterudite-subgroup mineral.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Paulkellerite
Other Language Names for Paulkellerite
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.BM. | Gunmaite | (Na2Sr)Sr2Al10(PO4)4F14(OH)12 |
| 8.BM. | Betpakdalite-NaNa | [Na2(H2O)16Na(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O33(OH)4] |
| 8.BM.05 | Retzian-(Ce) | Mn2+2Ce(AsO4)(OH)4 |
| 8.BM.05 | Retzian-(La) | Mn2+2La(AsO4)(OH)4 |
| 8.BM.05 | Retzian-(Nd) | Mn2+2Nd(AsO4)(OH)4 |
| 8.BM.10 | Kolitschite | PbZn0.5Fe3(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BM.15 | Brendelite | (Bi3+,Pb)2(Fe3+,Fe2+)(PO4)O2(OH) |
Fluorescence of Paulkellerite
none
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Paulkellerite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3133.html
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References for Paulkellerite
Reference List:
Dunn, Pete J., Grice, Joel D., Wicks, Frederick J., Gault, Robert A. (1988) Paulkellerite, a new bismuth iron phosphate mineral from Schneeberg, Germany. American Mineralogist, 73 (7-8) 870-872
Localities for Paulkellerite
Showing 2 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Germany | |
| Schnorrer et al. (1998) |
| Dunn et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
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Schneeberg, Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony, Germany