Orthowalpurgite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Orthowalpurgite
Formula:
(BiO)4(UO2)(AsO4)2 · 2H2O
Colour:
Pale yellow
Lustre:
Adamantine
Hardness:
4½
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
As an orthorhombic dimorph of walpurgite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3032
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3032:4
IMA Classification of Orthowalpurgite
Approved
IMA Formula:
(U6+O2)Bi3+4O4(As5+O4)2·2H2O
Approval year:
1994
First published:
1995
Classification of Orthowalpurgite
8.EA.05
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
E : Uranyl phosphates and arsenates
A : UO2:RO4 = 1:2
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
E : Uranyl phosphates and arsenates
A : UO2:RO4 = 1:2
40.5.9.2
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
5 : AXO4·xH2O
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
5 : AXO4·xH2O
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Owal | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Orthowalpurgite
Adamantine
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Pale yellow
Streak:
Pale yellow
Hardness:
4½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
an indistinct cleavage parallel to {001}
an indistinct cleavage parallel to {001}
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Optical Data of Orthowalpurgite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.91 nβ = 2 nγ = 2.05
2V:
Measured: 70° , Calculated: 70°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.140
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r < v
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemistry of Orthowalpurgite
Mindat Formula:
(BiO)4(UO2)(AsO4)2 · 2H2O
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Orthowalpurgite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pbcm
Setting:
Pbcm
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.492(1) Å, b = 13.324(2) Å, c = 20.685(3) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.412 : 1 : 1.552
Unit Cell V:
1513.6 ų
Z:
4
Morphology:
Tabular on {010}, often elongated parallel to [100]. Forming fan-shaped aggregates.
Forms observed: {010}, {001}, {104} (rare), and {100}.
Forms observed: {010}, {001}, {104} (rare), and {100}.
Twinning:
None observed on type material
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
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Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
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View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0006607 | Orthowalpurgite | Krause W, Effenberger H, Brandstatter F (1995) Orthowalpurgite, (UO2)Bi4O4(AsO4)2.2H2O, a new mineral from the Black Forest, Germany European Journal of Mineralogy 7 1313-1324 | 1995 | Black Forest, Germany | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.208 Å | (100) |
| 10.354 Å | (94) |
| 3.088 Å | (76) |
| 3.277 Å | (56) |
| 2.999 Å | (50) |
| 2.852 Å | (46) |
| 5.610 Å | (40) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
| 47f : [Uranyl (U⁶⁺) minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Orthowalpurgite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Transparent yellow crystals up to 0.3mm
Empirical Formula of Type Material:
(UO2)0.92Bi4.06O3.89(AsO4)2.07 · 1.99H2O
Chemical Analysis of Type Material:
| UO3 | 17.86 % |
|---|---|
| Bi2O3 | 64.21 % |
| As2O5 | 16.11 % |
| H2O (calc) | 2.43 % |
| Total: | 100.61 % |
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Orthowalpurgite
Other Language Names for Orthowalpurgite
Dutch:Orthowalpurgiet
German:Orthowalpurgit
Orthowalpurgin
Orthowalpurgin
Russian:Ортовальпургит
Spanish:Orthowalpurgita
Relationship of Orthowalpurgite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Walpurgite Group:
| Phosphowalpurgite | (BiO)4(UO2)(PO4)2 · 2H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Walpurgite | (BiO)4(UO2)(AsO4)2 · 2H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 4 photos of Orthowalpurgite associated with Walpurgite | (BiO)4(UO2)(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.EA.05 | Phosphowalpurgite | (BiO)4(UO2)(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.EA.05 | Walpurgite | (BiO)4(UO2)(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.EA.10 | Hallimondite | Pb2(UO2)(AsO4)2 · nH2O |
| 8.EA.10 | Parsonsite | Pb2(UO2)(PO4)2 |
| 8.EA.15 | Ulrichite | CaCu(UO2)(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.EA.20 | Lakebogaite | CaNaFe3+2H(UO2)2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
Radioactivity
Fluorescence of Orthowalpurgite
Non-fluorescent
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble in warm dilute HCl ithout effervescence.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Orthowalpurgite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3032.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Orthowalpurgite
Reference List:
Krause, Werner, Effenberger, Herta, Brandstätter, Franz (1995) Orthowalpurgite (UO2)Bi4O4(AsO4)2-2H2O, a new mineral from the Black Forest, Germany. European Journal of Mineralogy, 7 (6) 1313-1324 doi:10.1127/ejm/7/6/1313
Localities for Orthowalpurgite
Showing 2 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Germany | |
| Slotta (2004) +1 other reference |
| Krause et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
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Alt St Joseph Mine, Wittichen, Schenkenzell, Rottweil, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany