Jonesite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Jonesite
Francis T. Jones
Formula:
Ba4(K,Na)2Ti4Al2(Si3O9)2(SiO4)4O2 · 6H2O
Colour:
Colorless
Hardness:
3 - 4
Specific Gravity:
3.25
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in honor of Francis Tucker Jones (17 Jan 1905, Rocklin, California, USA - 24 September 1993, Richmond, California, USA), professor of chemistry at Pacific University, Forest Grove, Oregon and later chemical microscopist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. He discovered the mineral.
This page provides mineralogical data about Jonesite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2112
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2112:4
Similar Names
| Jahnsite | A synonym of Jahnsite Subgroup | |
| Jahnsite-(CaFeFe) | Valid as an unnamed mineral | {Ca}{Fe2+}{Fe22+}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Jahnsite-(CaFeMg) | A valid IMA mineral species | {Ca}{Fe2+}{Mg2}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Jahnsite-(CaMgMg) | Valid as an unnamed mineral | {Ca}{Mg}{Mg2}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Jahnsite-(CaMnFe) | A valid IMA mineral species | {Ca}{Mn2+}{Fe22+}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Jahnsite-(CaMnMg) | A valid IMA mineral species | {Ca}{Mn2+}{(Mg,Fe2+)2}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Jahnsite-(CaMnMn) | A valid IMA mineral species | {Ca}{Mn2+}{Mn22+}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Jahnsite-(CaMnZn) | A valid IMA mineral species | {Ca}{Mn2+}{Zn2}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Jahnsite-(MnMnFe) | A valid IMA mineral species | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Fe22+}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Jahnsite-(MnMnMg) | A valid IMA mineral species | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mg2}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Jahnsite-(MnMnMn) | A valid IMA mineral species | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mn22+}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Jahnsite-(MnMnZn) | A valid IMA mineral species | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Zn2}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Jahnsite-(NaFeMg) | A valid IMA mineral species | {Na}{Fe3+}{Mg2}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Jahnsite-(NaMnMg) | A valid IMA mineral species | {(Na,Ca)}{(Mn2+,Fe3+)}{(Mg,Fe3+)2}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Jahnsite-(NaMnMn) | A valid IMA mineral species | {Na}{Mn2+}{(Mn2+,Fe3+)2}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Janosite | A synonym of Copiapite | |
| Wonesite | A valid IMA mineral species | (Na,K,◻)(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH,F)4 |
IMA Classification of Jonesite
Approved
IMA Formula:
KBa2Ti4+2(Si5Al)O18·nH2O
Approval year:
1976
First published:
1977
Classification of Jonesite
9.DJ.30
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
J : Inosilicates with 4-periodic double and triple chains
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
J : Inosilicates with 4-periodic double and triple chains
61.2.2.1
61 : CYCLOSILICATES Six-Membered Rings
2 : Six-Membered Rings with Al substituted rings
61 : CYCLOSILICATES Six-Membered Rings
2 : Six-Membered Rings with Al substituted rings
16.14.6
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
14 : Aluminosilicates of Ti, Zr, Sn and Pb
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
14 : Aluminosilicates of Ti, Zr, Sn and Pb
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Jon | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Jonesite
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colorless
Hardness:
3 - 4 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
{010}
{010}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.25(1) g/cm3 (Measured) 3.17 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Jonesite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.641(1) nβ = 1.660(1) nγ = 1.682(1)
2V:
Measured: 76° to 78°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.041
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
relatively weak
Chemistry of Jonesite
Mindat Formula:
Ba4(K,Na)2Ti4Al2(Si3O9)2(SiO4)4O2 · 6H2O
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
B,Fe,Nb,Mn,Mg,Ca,Sr
Crystallography of Jonesite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P2/m
Setting:
P2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.6945(14) Å, b = 25.918(4) Å, c = 10.618(2) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.335 : 1 : 0.41
Unit Cell V:
0.00 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0003405 | Jonesite | Krivovichev S V, Armbruster T (2004) The crystal structure of jonesite, Ba2(K,Na)[Ti2(Si5Al)O18(H2O)](H2O)n: A first example of titanosilicate with porous double layers American Mineralogist 89 314-318 |  | 2004 | Benitoite mine, New Idria District, San Benito Co., California, USA | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 12.95 Å | (100) |
| 3.031 Å | (45) |
| 2.652 Å | (30) |
| 2.228 Å | (20) |
| 3.008 Å | (18) |
| 2.073 Å | (18) |
| 2.596 Å | (17) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits |
Type Occurrence of Jonesite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Rosettes of bladed crystals
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 7325.
American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA.
American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Jonesite
Other Language Names for Jonesite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.DJ.05 | Narsarsukite | Na2(Ti,Fe3+)Si4(O,F)11 |
| 9.DJ.10 | Laplandite-(Ce) | Na4CeTiPO4Si7O18 · 5H2O |
| 9.DJ.15 | Caysichite-(Y) | (Ca,Yb,Er)4Y4(Si8O20)(CO3)6(OH) · 7H2O |
| 9.DJ.20 | Seidite-(Ce) | Na4(Ce,Sr)2[TiSi8O18(OH)2](O,OH,F)4 · 5H2O |
| 9.DJ.25 | Carlosturanite | (Mg,Fe,Ti)21(Si,Al)12O28(OH)34 · H2O |
Radioactivity
Radioactivity:
| Element | % Content | Activity (Bq/kg) | Radiation Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uranium (U) | 0.0000% | 0 | α, β, γ |
| Thorium (Th) | 0.0000% | 0 | α, β, γ |
| Potassium (K) | 4.2548% | 1,319 | β, γ |
For comparison:
- Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
- Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
- EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg
Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.
Interactive Simulator:
Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!
Activity: –
| Distance | Dose rate | Risk |
|---|---|---|
| 1 cm | ||
| 10 cm | ||
| 1 m |
The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μshield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).
D = ((AU × ΓU) + (ATh × ΓTh) + (AK × ΓK)) / r2 × μshield
Fluorescence of Jonesite
Orange yellow in SW; weak orange yellow in LW
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Jonesite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2112.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Jonesite
Reference List:
Wise, William S., Pabst, Adolf (1977) Jonesite: a New Mineral from the Benitoite Gem Mine, San Benito County, California. The Mineralogical Record, 8 (6) 453-456
Localities for Jonesite
Showing 4 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Atlantic Ocean | |
| Gablina et al. (2006) |
Slovakia | |
| Ďuďa |
USA (TL) | |
| Wise et al. (1977) +3 other references |
| - (2005) |
Quick NavTopAbout JonesiteUnique IdentifiersSimilar NamesIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatRadioactivityFluorescence Other InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
California State Gem Mine, Santa Rita Peak, San Benito County, California, USA