Hydroromarchite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Hydroromarchite
Royal Ontario Museum logo
Formula:
Sn3O2(OH)2
Colour:
colorless
Lustre:
Adamantine
Specific Gravity:
4.904 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Name:
Tin pannikins, lost from the overturned canoe of a voyageur between 1811 and 1821, were recovered 15 feet below the surface of the water at Boundary Falls, Winnipeg River, Ontario. Some of the surfaces of the pannikins have a thin crust of alteration products consisting of white crystals and black crystals.
The black crystals were named "romarchite", referring to the Royal Ontario Museum Archaeology section, where the mineral was first studied. The white crystals were named "hydroromarchite" because it is a hydrated tin oxide chemically related to the anhydrous romarchite (Organ & Mandarino, 1971).
The type material of both minerals is clearly anthropogenic, but the species were accepted before the current IMA CNMMN rules excluding such species came into effect.
The black crystals were named "romarchite", referring to the Royal Ontario Museum Archaeology section, where the mineral was first studied. The white crystals were named "hydroromarchite" because it is a hydrated tin oxide chemically related to the anhydrous romarchite (Organ & Mandarino, 1971).
The type material of both minerals is clearly anthropogenic, but the species were accepted before the current IMA CNMMN rules excluding such species came into effect.
This page provides mineralogical data about Hydroromarchite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1985
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1985:5
IMA Classification of Hydroromarchite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Sn2+3O2(OH)2
Approval year:
1969
Classification of Hydroromarchite
4.FF.05
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
F : Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; various polyhedra
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
F : Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; various polyhedra
6.4.2.1
6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
4 : Miscellaneous
6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
4 : Miscellaneous
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Hrom | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Hydroromarchite
Adamantine
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colorless
Comment:
incrustations are pale tan in color
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Three sets visible in SEM images
Three sets visible in SEM images
Density:
4.904 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Hydroromarchite
Type:
Uniaxial
Chemistry of Hydroromarchite
Mindat Formula:
Sn3O2(OH)2
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Hydroromarchite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
42m - Scalenohedral
Space Group:
P421c
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.9269(5) Å, c = 9.0970(6) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.148
Unit Cell V:
571.62 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0010306 | Hydroromarchite | Abrahams I, Grimes S M, Johnston S R, Knowles J C (1996) Tin(II) oxyhydroxide by X-ray powder diffraction Acta Crystallographica C52 286-288 |  | 1996 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.540 Å | (100) |
| 2.797 Å | (94) |
| 2.988 Å | (81) |
| 3.303 Å | (60) |
| 5.980 Å | (41) |
| 2.507 Å | (38) |
| 5.612 Å | (34) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals] | |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 57 : Other minerals formed by human processes |
Type Occurrence of Hydroromarchite
General Appearance of Type Material:
solitary euhedral crystals and thin incrustations
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada, M28744.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
On pewter surfaces
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Hydroromarchite
Other Language Names for Hydroromarchite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 1 photo of Hydroromarchite associated with Spertiniite | Cu(OH)2 |
| 1 photo of Hydroromarchite associated with Hydrocerussite | Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| 1 photo of Hydroromarchite associated with Native Tin | Sn |
| 1 photo of Hydroromarchite associated with Native Lead | Pb |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.FF. | Katoite | Ca3Al2[◻(OH)4]3 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Hydroromarchite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1985.html
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References for Hydroromarchite
Reference List:
Howie, R. Alan, Moser, and Wolf (1973) Crystal data and formula for hydrous tin (II) oxide: A note. American Mineralogist, 58 (5-6) 552
Abrahams, I., Grimes, S. M., Johnston, S. R., Knowles, J. C. (1996) Tin(II) Oxyhydroxide by X-ray Powder Diffraction. Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications, 52 (2) 286-288 doi:10.1107/s0108270195012625
Ramik, R. A., Organ, R. M., Mandarino, J. A. (2003) On type romarchite and hydroromarchite from Boundary Falls, Ontario, and notes on other occurrences. The Canadian Mineralogist, 41 (3). 649-657 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.41.3.649
Locock, A. J., Ramik, R. A., Back, M. E. (2006) The structures of two novel Sn2+ oxysalts found with romarchite and hydroromarchite as corrosion products of pewter artifacts. The Canadian Mineralogist, 44 (6). 1457-1467 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.44.6.1457
Dubrovinskaia, Natalia; Messingschlager, Maria; Dubrovinsky, Leonid (2022) Tin weathering experiment set by nature for 300 years: natural crystals of the anthropogenic mineral hydroromarchite from Creussen, Bavaria, Germany. European Journal of Mineralogy, 34 (6). 563-572 doi:10.5194/ejm-34-563-2022
Localities for Hydroromarchite
Showing 8 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| MacLeod (1991) |
Canada (TL) | |
| ORGAN et al. (1971) |
Hungary | |
Italy | |
| Canadian Mineralogist 43:935-950 (2005) +1 other reference |
Jamaica | |
| Dunkle (2002) |
Russia | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2005) | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data of ... |
USA | |
| Dunkle (2002) +1 other reference |
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Hungary