Hashemite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Hashemite
Flag of Jordan
Formula:
BaCr6+O4
Colour:
Brown, dark greenish brown, yellow-brown, yellow
Lustre:
Adamantine
Hardness:
3½
Specific Gravity:
4.54 - 4.59
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
Named by Phoebe L. Hauff, Eugene E. Foord, Sam Rosenblum, and Walid Hakki for the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (the official name of Jordan), where the type locality is located.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1823
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1823:0
IMA Classification of Hashemite
Classification of Hashemite
7.FA.15
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
F : Chromates
A : Without additional anions
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
F : Chromates
A : Without additional anions
Dana 7th ed.:
35.3.3.1
35.3.3.1
35 : ANHYDROUS CHROMATES
3 : AXO4
35 : ANHYDROUS CHROMATES
3 : AXO4
27.2.4
27 : Sulphites, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
2 : Chromates
27 : Sulphites, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
2 : Chromates
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Hsh | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Hashemite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Hashemite
Adamantine
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Brown, dark greenish brown, yellow-brown, yellow
Comment:
Commonly zoned from cores of dark greenish brown to pale yellow brown.
Hardness:
3½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect {001}
Good {010} {100}
Perfect {001}
Good {010} {100}
Density:
4.54 - 4.59 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.49(3) g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Hashemite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.81 - 1.952 nβ = 1.813 - 1.96 nγ = 1.824 - 1.977
2V:
Measured: 35° to 57°, Calculated: 55° to 69°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.014 - 0.025
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
very strong r
Chemistry of Hashemite
Mindat Formula:
BaCr6+O4
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Hashemite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pnma
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.1028(14) Å, b = 5.5276(7) Å, c = 7.3314(11) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.647 : 1 : 1.326
Unit Cell V:
368.89 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Stubby, doubly terminated to tabular crystals. Forms include {100}, {010}, {001}, and {110}.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
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Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
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Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
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2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0001046 | Hashemite | Duesler E N, Foord E E (1986) Crystal structure of hashemite, BaCrO4, a barite structure type American Mineralogist 71 1217-1220 |  | 1986 | from a stone quarry 60 km southeast of Amman, west-central Jordan | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.516 Å | (100) |
| 3.171 Å | (80) |
| 3.669 Å | (60) |
| 2.175 Å | (45) |
| 2.150 Å | (45) |
| 2.770 Å | (40) |
| 3.403 Å | (35) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 51 : Pyrometamorphic minerals (see also #54 and #56) | <0.36 |
Type Occurrence of Hashemite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Euhedral brown crystals, less than 1 mm long, on ettringite. Color ranges from dark to light colored; some grains are zoned and have dark cores and light rims.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 146183.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Phosphate carbonate rock.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Hashemite
Other Language Names for Hashemite
Relationship of Hashemite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Baryte Group:
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 28 photos of Hashemite associated with Ettringite | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
| 5 photos of Hashemite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 2 photos of Hashemite associated with Siwaqaite | Ca6Al2(CrO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
| 2 photos of Hashemite associated with Bultfonteinite | Ca2(HSiO4)F · H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.FA.05 | Tarapacáite | K2(CrO4) |
| 7.FA.10 | Chromatite | CaCr6+O4 |
| 7.FA.20 | Crocoite | PbCr6+O4 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Hashemite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1823.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Hashemite
Reference List:
Hauff, Phoebe L., Foord, Eugene E., Rosenblum, Sam (1983) Hashemite, Ba(Cr,S)O4, a new mineral from Jordan. American Mineralogist, 68 (11-12) 1223-1225
Pasero, M., Davoli, P. (1987) Structure of hashemite, Ba(Cr,S)O4. Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications, 43 (8) 1467-1469 doi:10.1107/s010827018709142x
Becker, Udo, Risthaus, Peter, Brandt, Felix, Bosbach, Dirk (2006) Thermodynamic properties and crystal growth behavior of the hashemite (BaSO4–BaCrO4) solid solution. Chemical Geology, 225 (3) 244-255 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.08.018
Juroszek, Rafał, Krüger, Biljana, Banasik, Kamila, Vapnik, Yevgeny, Galuskina, Irina (2018) Raman spectroscopy and structural study of baryte-hashemite solid solution from pyrometamorphic rocks of the Hatrurim Complex, Israel. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 205. 582-592 doi:10.1016/j.saa.2018.07.079
Localities for Hashemite
Showing 10 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Israel | |
| Sharygin et al. (2008) |
| Sharygin et al. (2019) | |
Jordan | |
| Pitty et al. (2010) |
| Andreas Schloth collection | |
| Hauff et al. (1983) |
| Fleurance et al. (2013) | |
| Khoury et al. (1985) |
Middle East | |
| Vapnik et al. (2006) | |
Palestine | |
| Sokol et al. (2011) |
| Sokol et al. (2011) +2 other references |
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Lisdan-Siwaga Fault, Hashem region, Daba-Siwaqa complex, Transjordan Plateau, Amman Governorate, Jordan