Halurgite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Halurgite
Institute of Halurgy in Saint Petersburg
Formula:
Mg4[B8O13(OH)2]2 · 7H2O
formula changed due to new crystal structure refinement by Pekov et al. (2019)
Colour:
White
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
2.19
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named by V.V. Lovanova in 1962 in honor of the Institute of Halurgy, St. Petersburg, Russia, for its significant studies of saline deposits.
This page provides mineralogical data about Halurgite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1810
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1810:0
Similar Names
IMA Classification of Halurgite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Mg4[B8O13(OH)2]2·7H2O
First published:
1962
Type description reference:
Classification of Halurgite
6.H0.35
6 : BORATES
H : Unclassified borates
0 :
6 : BORATES
H : Unclassified borates
0 :
26.4.4.1
26 : HYDRATED BORATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
4 : Tetraborates
26 : HYDRATED BORATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
4 : Tetraborates
9.2.10
9 : Borates
2 : Borates of Be and Mg
9 : Borates
2 : Borates of Be and Mg
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Hlg | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Halurgite
Sub-Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
White
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Density:
2.19 g/cm3 (Measured)
Optical Data of Halurgite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.532 nβ = 1.545 nγ = 1.572
2V:
Measured: 70° , Calculated: 72°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.040
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Low (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
weak
Chemistry of Halurgite
Mindat Formula:
Mg4[B8O13(OH)2]2 · 7H2O
formula changed due to new crystal structure refinement by Pekov et al. (2019)
formula changed due to new crystal structure refinement by Pekov et al. (2019)
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Halurgite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P2/b
Setting:
P2/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 13.201(2) Å, b = 7.5622(10) Å, c = 13.185(2) Å
β = 91.834(14)°
β = 91.834(14)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.746 : 1 : 1.744
Unit Cell V:
1315.6 ų
Z:
2
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.87 Å | (100) |
| 3.29 Å | (100) |
| 4.81 Å | (90) |
| 2.163 Å | (90) |
| 1.269 Å | (80) |
| 2.643 Å | (70) |
| 3.57 Å | (60) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 25 : Evaporites (prebiotic) |
Type Occurrence of Halurgite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Fine-grained masses in interstices of halite.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Institute of Halurgy.
Mining Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, 1488/1.
A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 69833.
Mining Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, 1488/1.
A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 69833.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Salt dome.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Halurgite
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 6.H0.05 | Chelkarite | CaMgB2O4(Cl,OH)2 · 5H2O Or near, with Cl:OH = 3:1 |
| 6.H0.10 | Braitschite-(Ce) | (Ca,Na2)7(Ce,La)2B22O43 · 7H2O |
| 6.H0.15 | Satimolite | KNa2(Al5Mg2)[B12O18(OH)12](OH)6Cl4 · 4H2O |
| 6.H0.20 | Iquiqueite | K3Na4Mg(CrO4)B24O39(OH) · 12H2O |
| 6.H0.25 | Wardsmithite | Ca5Mg[B4O7]6 · 30H2O |
| 6.H0.40 | Ekaterinite | Ca2(B4O7)(Cl,OH)2 · 2H2O |
| 6.H0.45 | Vitimite | Ca6[B14O19](SO4)(OH)14 · 5H2O |
| 6.H0.50 | Canavesite | Mg2(HBO3)(CO3) · 5H2O |
| 6.H0.55 | Qilianshanite | NaHCO3 · H3BO3 · 2H2O |
Other Information
IR Spectrum:
Kungar deposit material [cm-1]: 3600sh, 3550sh, 3475, 3425, 3155, 3060sh, 1696, 1610w, 1442, 1375sh, 1325sh, 1310s, 1262, 1154, 1113, 1052, 996, 956s, 930sh, 897s, 859, 807, 794, 762, 731, 720, 675sh, 650w, 635w, 605w, 546w, 465w
Notes:
Slightly soluble in cold water. Dissolves completely in boiling water.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Halurgite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1810.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Halurgite
Reference List:
Fleischer, Michael; Mandarino, J. A.; Servos, Kurt; Toulmin, Priestley, III (1962) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 47 (9-10). 1216-1223
IMA (1967) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 36 (277) 131-136 doi:10.1180/minmag.1967.036.277.20
Jambor, John L., Grew, Edward S., Roberts, Andrew C. (1996) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 81. 1513-1518 (a different, unrelated mineral)
Chukanov, Nikita V. (2014) Springer Geochemistry/Mineralogy - Infrared spectra of mineral species. Springer Netherlands. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7128-4
Pekov, Igor V., Zubkova, Natalia V., Ksenofontov, Dmitry A., Chukanov, Nikita V., Korotchenkova, Oksana V., Chaikovskiy, Ilya I., Yapaskurt, Vasiliy O., Britvin, Sergey N., Pushcharovsky, Dmitry Yu. (2019) Crystal chemistry of halurgite, Mg4[B8O13(OH)2]2·7H2O, a microporous heterophylloborate mineral. Mineralogical Magazine, 83 (5) 723-732 doi:10.1180/mgm.2019.36
Localities for Halurgite
Showing 2 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Kazakhstan (TL) | |
| Handbook of Mineralogy Vol V p 6 +4 other references |
| Chukanov (2014) |
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Chelkar salt dome, Aksai Valley, Terekti District, West Kazakhstan Region, Kazakhstan