Axinite-(Fe)
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored by Matthäus Parshchikov
About Axinite-(Fe)
Formula:
Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH
Colour:
Brown, clove-brown, plum blue, pearl gray
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
6½ - 7
Specific Gravity:
3.25 - 3.28
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
Originally named Espéce de Schorl by Johann Gottfried Schreiber in 1781. Named Schorl violet and Schorl transparent lenticulaire by Romé de L'Isle in 1785. Named Thumerstein by Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1788, later spelled Thumite. Named Yanolite by Jean Claude de la Métherie in 1792. Named Glasschörl by Blumenberg in 1799 (also glasstein). Named axinit in 1797 by Rene Just Haüy from the Greek αξίνα ("axina") for "axe", in allusion to the common habit of its crystals. Renamed ferroaxinite by Waldemar T. Schaller in 1909 for iron dominance in the formula. Renamed with suffix "-(Fe)" by IMA in 2007.
Axinite Group. The Fe2+ analogue of Axinite-(Mg) and Axinite-(Mn).
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Axinite-(Fe).
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Axinite-(Fe).Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1459
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1459:1
Similar Names
| Axinit | A synonym of 'Axinite' | |
| Axinite | A synonym of Axinite Group | |
| Axinite-(Fe)-Axinite-(Mn) Series | A solid-solution series between two end-member minerals | |
| Axinite-(Mg) | A valid IMA mineral species | Ca2MgAl2BSi4O15OH |
| Axinite-(Mn) | A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered | Ca2Mn2+Al2BSi4O15(OH) |
| Axinite-(Mn)-Tinzenite Series | A solid-solution series between two end-member minerals |
IMA Classification of Axinite-(Fe)
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA status notes:
Renamed by the IMA
IMA Formula:
Ca4Fe2+2Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2
Approval history:
Renamed by the CNMNC IMA in 2007 from ferro-axinite to Axinite-(Fe) (IMA 07-C).
Classification of Axinite-(Fe)
9.BD.20
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
D : Si2O7 groups, with additional anions; cations in tetrahedral [4] and greater coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
D : Si2O7 groups, with additional anions; cations in tetrahedral [4] and greater coordination
56.2.2.1
56 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups, With Additional O, OH, F and H2O
2 : Si2O7 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and/or >[4] coordination
56 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups, With Additional O, OH, F and H2O
2 : Si2O7 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and/or >[4] coordination
17.5.47
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
5 : Borosilicates
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
5 : Borosilicates
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Ax-Fe | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Ax | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279. |
| Ax | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
| Ax | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
| The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Pronunciation of Axinite-(Fe)
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Axinite-(Fe)
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Brown, clove-brown, plum blue, pearl gray
Streak:
White
Hardness:
6½ - 7 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Good on {100}
Poor on {001} {110} {011}
Good on {100}
Poor on {001} {110} {011}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
3.25 - 3.28 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.33 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Axinite-(Fe)
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.672 - 1.693 nβ = 1.677 - 1.701 nγ = 1.681 - 1.704
2V:
Measured: 69° to 87°, Calculated: 62° to 82°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.009 - 0.011
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
strong
Chemistry of Axinite-(Fe)
Mindat Formula:
Ca2Fe2+Al2BSi4O15OH
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Axinite-(Fe)
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.1437(4) Å, b = 9.1898(6) Å, c = 8.9529(4) Å
α = 91.857(6)°, β = 98.188(5)°, γ = 77.349(4)°
α = 91.857(6)°, β = 98.188(5)°, γ = 77.349(4)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.777 : 1 : 0.974
Unit Cell V:
567.63 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Flattened, axe head shaped, granular, massive
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0006112 | Axinite-(Fe) | Filip J, Kolitsch U, Novak M, Schneeweiss O (2006) The crystal structure of near-end-member ferroaxinite from an iron-contaminated pegmatite at Malesov, Czech Republic The Canadian Mineralogist 44 1159-1170 |  | 2006 | Malesov, Czech Republic | 0 | 293 |
| 0000832 | Axinite-(Fe) | Swinnea J S, Steinfink H, Rendon-DiazMiron L E, Enciso de la Vega S (1981) The crystal structure of a Mexican axinite American Mineralogist 66 428-431 | | 1981 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 6.3 Å | (70) |
| 5.87 Å | (5 |
| 5.15 Å | (5) |
| 4.99 Å | (10) |
| 4.80 Å | (20) |
| 4.53 Å | (30) |
| 3.99 Å | (20) |
| 3.80 Å | (30) |
| 3.68 Å | (60) |
| 3.46 Å | (80) |
| 3.42 Å | (5) |
| 3.39 Å | (5) |
| 3.28 Å | (60) |
| 3.23 Å | (5) |
| 3.19 Å | (5) |
| 3.16 Å | (90) |
| 3.08 Å | (40b) |
| 3.02 Å | (50) |
| 2.998 Å | (60) |
| 2.968 Å | (50) |
| 2.931 Å | (30) |
| 2.874 Å | (30) |
| 2.839 Å | (40) |
| 2.812 Å | (100) |
| 2.792 Å | (40) |
| 2.760 Å | (40) |
| 2.667 Å | (40) |
| 2.643 Å | (40b) |
| 2.575 Å | (50) |
| 2.564 Å | (60) |
| 2.526 Å | (30) |
| 2.489 Å | (20) |
| 2.474 Å | (20) |
| 2.444 Å | (50) |
| 2.424 Å | (50) |
| 2.396 Å | (10) |
| 2.363 Å | (50) |
| 2.318 Å | (5) |
| 2.292 Å | (10) |
| 2.271 Å | (30) |
| 2.250 Å | (30) |
| 2.226 Å | (10) |
| 2.206 Å | (30) |
| 2.190 Å | (60) |
| 2.179 Å | (20) |
| 2.163 Å | (70) |
| 2.134 Å | (30b) |
| 2.060 Å | (50) |
| 2.040 Å | (50) |
| 2.014 Å | (30b) |
| 1.998 Å | (30b) |
| 1.989 Å | (50) |
| 1.973 Å | (5) |
| 1.955 Å | (40) |
| 1.926 Å | (50) |
| 1.895 Å | (10b) |
| 1.808 Å | (20) |
| 1.788 Å | (40) |
| 1.744 Å | (10) |
| 1.732 Å | (30) |
| 1.721 Å | (30) |
| 1.702 Å | (20) |
| 1.691 Å | (10) |
| 1.680 Å | (10) |
| 1.668 Å | (40) |
| 1.652 Å | (40) |
| 1.636 Å | (50) |
| 1.623 Å | (30) |
| 1.608 Å | (20) |
| 1.597 Å | (30) |
| 1.580 Å | (40) |
| 1.570 Å | (20) |
| 1.538 Å | (30) |
| 1.516 Å | (20b) |
| 1.495 Å | (30) |
| 1.478 Å | (20) |
| 1.460 Å | (40b) |
| 1.442 Å | (10) |
| 1.435 Å | (10) |
Comments:
ICDD 27-76, natural material Dauphine, France
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites | |
| Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
| 40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies) |
Geological Setting:
Low to high grade regionally metamorphosed rocks, contact metamorphic rocks, pegmatites.
Type Occurrence of Axinite-(Fe)
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Muséum Nationale d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, 35.1881, H3383.
Synonyms of Axinite-(Fe)
Other Language Names for Axinite-(Fe)
Dutch:Axiniet-(Fe)
Esperanto:Feroaksinito
French:Axinite-(Fe)
German:Axinit-(Fe)
Feraxinit
Feraxinit
Japanese:鉄斧石
Norwegian:Axinitt-(Fe)
Russian:Ферроаксинит
Аксинит-(Fe)
Аксинит-(Fe)
Spanish:Feraxinita
Relationship of Axinite-(Fe) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Axinite Group:
| Axinite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2BSi4O15OH | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Axinite-(Mn) | Ca2Mn2+Al2BSi4O15(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Tinzenite | Ca2Mn2+4Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 153 photos of Axinite-(Fe) associated with Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 150 photos of Axinite-(Fe) associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 87 photos of Axinite-(Fe) associated with Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| 68 photos of Axinite-(Fe) associated with Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| 36 photos of Axinite-(Fe) associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 35 photos of Axinite-(Fe) associated with Chlorite Group | |
| 27 photos of Axinite-(Fe) associated with 'Smoky Quartz' | SiO2 |
| 23 photos of Axinite-(Fe) associated with Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| 19 photos of Axinite-(Fe) associated with 'Adularia' | KAlSi3O8 |
| 18 photos of Axinite-(Fe) associated with Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.BD.05 | Bertrandite | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| 9.BD.10 | Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| 9.BD.15 | Junitoite | CaZn2Si2O7 · H2O |
| 9.BD.20 | Tinzenite | Ca2Mn2+4Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2 |
| 9.BD.20 | Dubińskaite | Ca4Sc2Al4[Be2Si8O30](OH)2 |
| 9.BD.20 | Axinite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2BSi4O15OH |
| 9.BD.20 | Axinite-(Mn) | Ca2Mn2+Al2BSi4O15(OH) |
| 9.BD.25 | Vistepite | SnMn4B2Si4O16(OH)2 |
| 9.BD.30 | Boralsilite | Al16B6O30(Si2O7) |
| 9.BD.35 | Werdingite | (Mg,Fe)2Al14Si4B4O37 |
| 9.BD.40 | Vránaite | Al16B4Si4O38 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Axinite-(Fe)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1459.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Axinite-(Fe)
Reference List:
Haüy, René Just (1796) Extrait du Traité Élémentaire de Minéralogie que le C.en Haüy s'occupe de rédiger. Journal des mines, 5 (28). 249-334 pp.264-265
Anderson, C. (1906) Mineralogical notes. No. III. Axinite, petterdite, crocoite, and datolite. Records of the Australian Museum, 6. 133-144 doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.6.1906.998
Dana, Edward S., Ford, William E. (1909) A System of Mineralogy - Second Appendix to the Sixth Edition of Dana's System of Mineralogy. John Wiley & Sons. p.11
Pringle, Ian J., Kawachi, Yosuke (1980) Axinite mineral group in low-grade regionally metamorphosed rocks in southern New Zealand. American Mineralogist, 65 (11-12) 1119-1129
Swinnea, J. Steven, Steinfink, Hugo, Miron, L. E. Rendon-Diaz, Vega, and S. Enciso de la (1981) The crystal structure of a Mexican axinite. American Mineralogist, 66 (3-4) 428-431
Andreozzi, Giovanni B., Lucchesi, Sergio, Graziani, Giorgio, Russo, Umberto (2004) Site distribution of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in the axinite mineral group: New crystal-chemical formula. American Mineralogist, 89 (11). 1763-1771 doi:10.2138/am-2004-11-1223
Filip, J., Kolitsch, U., Novák, M., Schneeweiss, O. (2006) The crystal structure of near-end-member ferroaxinite from an iron-contaminated pegmatite at Malešov, Czech Republic. The Canadian Mineralogist, 44 (5) 1159-1170 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.44.5.1159
Gatta, G. Diego, Redhammer, Günther J., Guastoni, Alessandro, Guastella, Giorgio, Meven, Martin, Pavese, Alessandro (2016) H-bonding scheme and cation partitioning in axinite: a single-crystal neutron diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopic study. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 43 (5) 341-352 doi:10.1007/s00269-015-0798-x
Localities for Axinite-(Fe)
Showing 304 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| |
| |
| Costas Constantinides collection |
| Dana 6:A2:11 +1 other reference |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Ralph Bottrill collection | |
| Henry et al. (2005) |
| |
| Birch (1996) |
| Morvell (1976) +1 other reference | |
| Sue Koepke collection via Jiri Just |
Austria | |
| Heritsch (1933) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Kolitsch (2018) |
| C.Auer (2021) |
| Uwe Kolitsch (original find by Stefan Voigt; analysed specimen in coll. Erwin Löffler) |
| Löffler et al. (2011) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2015) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
Canada | |
| Ercit et al. (2003) |
| CanRockhound v.3 |
| |
| J. Greiner |
| Reiner Mieklke |
| personal collection (MHFM) |
Chile | |
| Dana 6:529. |
China | |
| dan weinrich |
| Möhn et al. (05/2021) |
| Sun +3 other references |
| Yixiong Qian (1990) |
| Xu Jinsha et al. (2019) |
Czech Republic | |
| Pauliš +3 other references |
| Filip et al. (2006) |
| Kadlec T.: Nové minerály ve ... | |
| Novák et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Jakub Jirásek |
| Novák et al. (2002) |
| Houzar |
| Filip et al. (2002) |
| Dolníček Z et al. (2020) |
| |
Finland | |
| Finnish Museum of Natural History |
France | |
| Boutry Collection |
| Thierry Brunsperger collection |
| Matteo Chineletto specimen |
| Haüy (1796) +1 other reference | |
| DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R. (2004) |
| Thierry Brunsperger collection |
Germany | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Baumgärtl (2014) |
| Jahn et al. (2002) |
| various added photos |
| Thomas Luehr collection | |
| Hans-Jürgen Haas collection |
| ... | |
| Tröger (2012) |
Hungary | |
| |
| Balassa et al. (2023) +1 other reference |
| Ozdín D. +1 other reference | |
Iran | |
| |
Italy | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| King (n.d.) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Croze (1989) |
| Natale Calanchi (1980) |
| Edoardo Mazzola specimen |
| Bedogné et al. (1995) |
| Bedognè et al. (2001) +1 other reference | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
| Martini et al. (2012) |
| Martini et al. (2012) | |
| Olimpo (1981) +3 other references |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Grill (1935) |
| Pezzotta et al. (1999) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Savia et al. (2023) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Billows (1941) |
| Gamboni et al. (1998) |
| Smyth W. (1841) +4 other references |
Japan | |
| Ozaki (1970) |
| Nishikubo collection +1 other reference |
| Etsuo Uchida (1986) +1 other reference | |
| - (n.d.) |
| - (n.d.) |
| Al McGuiness specimen +1 other reference |
| Petrov (n.d.) |
| - (n.d.) |
| Sameshima +1 other reference |
| Majima collection |
Mexico | |
| Panzcer (1987) |
| Panzcer (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Panzcer (1987) | |
| USGS Bulletin 1930 +1 other reference | |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Panzcer | |
| Peter Megaw collection |
Morocco | |
| Econ Geol (1989) |
Namibia | |
| Dana 7:I:578. |
| Jahn et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
New Zealand | |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
| Pringle et al. (1980) +1 other reference |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
| Skinner et al. (1999) |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
| Mason (1959) +1 other reference | |
Norway | |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) | |
| Berg (1990) |
| Münster (1882) +1 other reference |
| Bancroft et al. (2001) | |
| Bancroft et al. (2001) |
| Garmo et al. (2017) | |
| Larsen (2018) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Larsen et al. (2021) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Witsø (1995) |
| Witsø (2005) +1 other reference |
| Carstens (1965) +1 other reference |
| Jørgensen et al. (2001) |
| Jørgensen et al. (2001) |
| Jørgensen et al. (2001) +1 other reference | |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) | |
| - (n.d.) | |
| Garmo (1998) +1 other reference |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) | |
| Nordrum et al. (2005) |
| Selbekk (1990) +2 other references |
Pakistan | |
| King (n.d.) |
| Specimen obtained from Dudley Blauwet ... |
| Dudley Blauwet +2 other references |
| transferred from "Dassu |
| Minerals +2 other references |
| King (n.d.) | |
| imported from Shigar District +2 other references | |
| Vincent Bourgoin |
Peru | |
| Hyrsl et al. (2003) +1 other reference |
| Specimen in my collection purchased ... |
| Teodocio Ramos specimens +1 other reference |
| Hyrsl (2013) |
Poland | |
| Michell (1941) |
| Körber et al. (2005) | |
| Gadomski M. |
| Spirifer collection | |
| Tomas Praszkier |
| Jęczmyk B. 1956: Aksynit z rejonu ... +1 other reference |
Portugal | |
| Gaspar et al. (2000) +1 other reference |
Russia | |
| Local geolofist S.V.Kolesnichenko data |
| Wilson et al. (2004) |
| Политов В.К. (1983) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Gorelikova et al. (2008) |
| Putintseva et al. (2017) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Vrána (1966) +1 other reference |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Ozdín D. |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Ozdín D. |
| Ozdín D. |
| Ozdín D. et al. (in Slovak) +1 other reference |
| Ozdín D. |
| Píša (1957) |
| Števko M. et al. (2017) | |
| Ďuďa |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross (2004) |
| Cairncross (2004) |
Spain | |
| Calvo Rebollar (2018) |
| Romero Silva (2003) +2 other references |
| Calvo Rebollar (2018) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2018) |
| Escuder Viruete (1995) |
| 58 (in German) +3 other references |
| Calvo Rebollar (2018) |
| Tánago et al. (2012) |
| Sanabria et al. (2002) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2018) |
Sweden | |
| Lorin et al. (2009) |
| |
| Otter (2004) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Bertle (2004) +1 other reference |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Bracke (n.d.) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| www.mineralien-ch.ch (n.d.) |
| Harjo Neutkens |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Bracke (n.d.) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Bracke (n.d.) |
| Rüegg (2005) | |
| Rüegg (2005) | |
UK | |
| Paul Oldfield collection |
| Rocks & Min.: 19:9. |
| Hall (1868) +1 other reference |
| Hall (1868) |
| Carne (1822) +2 other references | |
| Couper et al. (1977) | |
| Andrew Lawton Collection +1 other reference |
| |
| |
| McLintock (1923) +3 other references |
| Nawaz Chaudhry et al. (1969) | |
| Sargent et al. (Part II) |
| National Museum of Wales specimens |
USA | |
| Cooper |
| Pohl et al. (1982) | |
| Pohl et al. (1982) |
| Pemberton (1983) +2 other references |
| Pemberton (1983) +1 other reference | |
| Frost et al. (2007) |
| Hietanen et al. (1978) +2 other references |
| Observed on a specimen in the ... | |
| Samples obtained from Bay Area Mineralogists (BAM) |
| Osborn et al. (discoverer/owner) +1 other reference |
| Cooney (1956) +3 other references |
| San Diego Natural History Museum | |
| Schaller (1911) +3 other references |
| Hietanen et al. (1978) +2 other references |
| Identified on site |
| Schooner (1958) |
| Schooner (1961) |
| Yale Peabody Museum - Bill Henderson ... +1 other reference |
| Pitman |
| Thompson et al. (1998) |
| Rocks & Min.: 16: 58. |
| S Pavadore collection |
| Gobla (2012) |
| The Lapidary Journal (W.C. van Laer) +5 other references |
| WC van Laer | |
| William C. van Laer |
| C. von Laer +1 other reference | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Jensen (2011) |
| Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999. |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| King (n.d.) |
| Palache (1935) |
| Common knowledge among local ... |
| Fred Schuster. |
| Warren Cummings |
| Januzzi +2 other references |
| Horton et al. (1981) +1 other reference |
| Montgomery (Jun, 1966) +2 other references |
| Wherry (1915) +1 other reference |
| Thomas (Nov, 1952) +3 other references |
| Frazier (1882) +1 other reference |
| Frazier (1882) +1 other reference | |
| Miller (1971) |
| Michael W. Kieron collection |
| |
| Harvard Mineralogical Museum collection |
| Rocks & Minerals: 71 (3) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Ream (1991) +1 other reference |
| Scott Williams collection +1 other reference |
Quick NavTopAbout Axinite-(Fe)Unique IdentifiersSimilar NamesIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPronunciation Physical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Glandon Pass, Saint-Colomban-des-Villards, Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne, Savoie, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France