Silver Reef Mine (Reef Mine; Cholla Mine; Silver Nugget Mine), White Horse Pass area, Silver Reef Mountains area, Chuichu area, Tat Momoli Mountains, Silver Reef Mining District, Pinal County, Arizona, USAi
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
32° 42' 42'' North , 111° 49' 2'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Chuichu | 269 (2011) | 5.5km |
| Vaiva Vo | 128 (2011) | 10.2km |
| Arizona City | 10,475 (2011) | 14.5km |
| Casa Grande | 51,460 (2017) | 19.5km |
| Stanfield | 740 (2011) | 23.3km |
Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
| Club | Location | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Pinal Gem and Mineral Society | Coolidge, Arizona | 41km |
A former underground Pb-Ag-Cu-Au-Mo-silica mine located in sec. 23, T8S, R5E, about 2½ miles SW of White Horse Pass and about 3¼ miles SSW of Chuichu, on Indian Reservation land (located on the N slope of the Silver Reef Mountains). Claims extend slightly into secs. 26 and 24. Discovered 1885, produced 1905-1955. Previous owners and operators include Wm. Forbach (1917); Silver Reef M + M (1926, 1930); Arizona Leasing and Development (1927-1928); Albert C. Forbach (1942); and S.B. Owens (1951). May also have been operated in 1905 by the Arizona Mercantile Transportation and Smelting Co. Additional names which apply to this locality: Santiago Mine; Lead Boulder Mine; Hornsilver Mine; Horn Silver Mine; Greenhorn Mine; Greenhorn Mining Co. property; Unpatented claims MS 3369; Santiago MS 3369 unpatented claim; Lead Boulder MS 3369 unpatented claim; Hornsilver claims MS 3369 unpatented claim; Cholla MS 3369 unpatented claim; Arizona Mercantile Transport and Smelting Co. claim. Claims include the Horn Silver, Horn Silver No. 1 and No. 2, Santiago, Nugget, Nugget Fraction, Nugget Extension, Sahuara, Cholla, Lead Boulder, and the Silver Nugget. These same claims are also called the Silver Reef No. 1 to No. 9, (UPP. 3369).
Mineralization is secondary enrichment by ground water percolation down a fault zone. The ore body is in lenses at 15.24 meters thick and 1828.8 meters long. The deposit is comprised of 3 to 4 veins in fault zones; the major vein strikes N79E and is traceable for 6000 feet, Vein width is variable from a few feet in the west to 25-50 feet in the east. Siliceous silver ores with copper, gold and lead. Ore control was E-W fractures, minor NW-striking faults. The main E-W vein dips 75-77S. Associated rock unit is the Oracle Granite (of Peterson) and vesicular andesite.
Local structures include an E-W fracture zone with minor NW-striking faults, Mf-934 maps E-W, mineralized zone, mainly in Oracle Granite, with some adjacent Tertiary andesite. Regional structures include an E-W striking fault with minor NW-striking faults.
Workings include the largest and earliest workings, which are the Horn Silver shaft with levels at 96, 200, and 240 feet, opened by an inclined shaft and adit; other workings include the Silver Nugget and Lead Boulder as well as other smaller workings.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Acanthite Formula: Ag2S |
| ⓘ Cerussite Formula: PbCO3 References: |
| ⓘ Chrysocolla Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| ⓘ Fluorite Formula: CaF2 References: |
| ⓘ Fornacite Formula: Pb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH) References: |
| ⓘ Galena Formula: PbS |
| ⓘ 'Limonite' |
| ⓘ Mimetite Formula: Pb5(AsO4)3Cl References: |
| ⓘ Minium Formula: Pb3O4 |
| ⓘ Molybdofornacite Formula: Pb2Cu(MoO4,CrO4)(AsO4,PO4)(OH) References: |
| ⓘ Murdochite Formula: Cu12Pb2O15Cl2 References: |
| ⓘ Native Silver Formula: Ag |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 References: |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst Formula: SiO2 References: |
| ⓘ Shattuckite Formula: Cu5(Si2O6)2(OH)2 References: |
| ⓘ Vanadinite Formula: Pb5(VO4)3Cl References: |
| ⓘ Wherryite Formula: Pb7Cu2(SO4)4(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Willemite Formula: Zn2SiO4 |
| ⓘ Wulfenite Formula: Pb(MoO4) |
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Native Silver | 1.AA.05 | Ag |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| ⓘ | Acanthite | 2.BA.35 | Ag2S |
| ⓘ | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| ⓘ | Fluorite | 3.AB.25 | CaF2 |
| ⓘ | Murdochite | 3.DB.45 | Cu12Pb2O15Cl2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Minium | 4.BD.05 | Pb3O4 |
| ⓘ | Quartz var. Amethyst | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 | |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Cerussite | 5.AB.15 | PbCO3 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Wherryite | 7.BC.55 | Pb7Cu2(SO4)4(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Fornacite | 7.FC.10 | Pb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Molybdofornacite | 7.FC.10 | Pb2Cu(MoO4,CrO4)(AsO4,PO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Wulfenite | 7.GA.05 | Pb(MoO4) |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Mimetite | 8.BN.05 | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| ⓘ | Vanadinite | 8.BN.05 | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Willemite | 9.AA.05 | Zn2SiO4 |
| ⓘ | Shattuckite | 9.DB.40 | Cu5(Si2O6)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Chrysocolla | 9.ED.20 | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Limonite' | - | |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| H | ⓘ Fornacite | Pb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Molybdofornacite | Pb2Cu(MoO4,CrO4)(AsO4,PO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Shattuckite | Cu5(Si2O6)2(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Wherryite | Pb7Cu2(SO4)4(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| O | ⓘ Fornacite | Pb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| O | ⓘ Minium | Pb3O4 |
| O | ⓘ Molybdofornacite | Pb2Cu(MoO4,CrO4)(AsO4,PO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Murdochite | Cu12Pb2O15Cl2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Shattuckite | Cu5(Si2O6)2(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| O | ⓘ Wherryite | Pb7Cu2(SO4)4(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
| O | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Shattuckite | Cu5(Si2O6)2(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Wherryite | Pb7Cu2(SO4)4(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Molybdofornacite | Pb2Cu(MoO4,CrO4)(AsO4,PO4)(OH) |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Acanthite | Ag2S |
| S | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| S | ⓘ Wherryite | Pb7Cu2(SO4)4(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| Cl | ⓘ Murdochite | Cu12Pb2O15Cl2 |
| Cl | ⓘ Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| V | Vanadium | |
| V | ⓘ Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| Cr | Chromium | |
| Cr | ⓘ Fornacite | Pb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH) |
| Cr | ⓘ Molybdofornacite | Pb2Cu(MoO4,CrO4)(AsO4,PO4)(OH) |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Cu | ⓘ Fornacite | Pb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH) |
| Cu | ⓘ Molybdofornacite | Pb2Cu(MoO4,CrO4)(AsO4,PO4)(OH) |
| Cu | ⓘ Murdochite | Cu12Pb2O15Cl2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Shattuckite | Cu5(Si2O6)2(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Wherryite | Pb7Cu2(SO4)4(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | ⓘ Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | ⓘ Fornacite | Pb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH) |
| As | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| As | ⓘ Molybdofornacite | Pb2Cu(MoO4,CrO4)(AsO4,PO4)(OH) |
| Mo | Molybdenum | |
| Mo | ⓘ Molybdofornacite | Pb2Cu(MoO4,CrO4)(AsO4,PO4)(OH) |
| Mo | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| Ag | Silver | |
| Ag | ⓘ Acanthite | Ag2S |
| Ag | ⓘ Native Silver | Ag |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| Pb | ⓘ Fornacite | Pb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH) |
| Pb | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| Pb | ⓘ Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| Pb | ⓘ Minium | Pb3O4 |
| Pb | ⓘ Molybdofornacite | Pb2Cu(MoO4,CrO4)(AsO4,PO4)(OH) |
| Pb | ⓘ Murdochite | Cu12Pb2O15Cl2 |
| Pb | ⓘ Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| Pb | ⓘ Wherryite | Pb7Cu2(SO4)4(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| Pb | ⓘ Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
Other Databases
| Link to USGS MRDS: | 10046277 |
|---|
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
Mexico
- Sierra Madre OccidentalMountain Range
North AmericaContinent
- Sonoran DesertDesert
North America PlateTectonic Plate
- Basin and Range BasinsBasin
- Mazatzal DomainDomain
- Southern Basin and RangeWide Rift
USA
- Arizona
- ⭔Tohono O'odham ReservationReservation
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Silver Reef Mine, White Horse Pass area, Silver Reef Mountains area, Chuichu area, Tat Momoli Mountains, Silver Reef Mining District, Pinal County, Arizona, USA