Max Boot, The Savage Wars of Peace: 47 USAns KIA, total of 136 US
d. of all causes. Officially, 75 Nic. national guardsman k. No est. of
Sandinista deaths.
Mario Lazo, Dagger in the Heart : American Policy Failures in Cuba
(1968), calls Castro's charge that 20,000 were killed by Batista a "cynical
falsehood". He says "total deaths ... not more than 900 on both
[sides]"
Mid-Century World, Newsweek (1970) believes the accusation: 20,000
executions in 2 years. (This is probably the only mainstream American source
that does. Most simply ignore it.)
Hugh Thomas, Cuba, or, the pursuit of freedom (1971, 1988):
1,500-2,000 deaths as a direct consequence of the political crisis, 1952-58,
including war.
Gilbert: 2,000 deaths in 6 years of war and punitive actions.
Civil War, 1958-59:
B&J: 5,000
Singer: 5,000 battle deaths, 1958-59
Eckhardt: 2,000 civ. + 3,000 mil. = 5,000 (1958-59)
WHPSI: 3,977 deaths from political violence, 1956-63
"2005 December - Truth commission investigating human rights abuses during the rule of King Hassan II says 592 people were killed between 1956-99." (BBC, "Morocco profile", 24 January 2013)
[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14123260]
The Ache Indians began the 20th Century with 10,000 people. The population
had dropped to 2,000 by 1968 when a series of massacres killed a further 900.
(Richard Arens, ed., Genocide in Paraguay (1976); also the 30 Jan. 1977
Washington Post review of the book.)
9 Dec. 2001 LA Times: 275+ citizens disappeared by govt. agents.
Human Rights Watch, Mexico's National Human Rights Commission: A Critical Assessment. (Feb. 2008): "The CNDH examined 532 cases.... at least 275 individuals had been arrested, tortured, and disappeared by state forces.... [and] the other 257 individuals [may have also] been disappeared during that time."
Juan Forero, Details of Mexico's Dirty Wars From 1960s to 1980s Released, Washington Post, November 22, 2006: "The report includes the names of 645 people who were disappeared by the state security apparatus.... It also includes the names of 99 people who were victims of extrajudicial executions."
Philippines, martial law under Ferdinand Marcos (1972-86)
Alfred McCoy, "Dark Legacy: Human rights under the Marcos regime", 20 September 1999: 3,257 extra-judicial killings [http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/54a/062.html]
including 737 Filipinos "disappeared" between 1975 and 1985
Eckhardt: 5,000 killed in 1973 coup; 20,000 executions in 1974.
Our Times: 5,000 (US Govt. estimate) to 30,000 (human rights
groups)
Grenville: 5,000, perhaps 15,000
Paul Sigmund, The Overthrow of Allende and the Politics of Chile:
1964-1976 (1977) cites
NY Times: 2,500
"opponents": as high as 80,000
"more reliable estimates": 3,000-10,000
1 July 1999 Kansas City Star:
CIA estimates: 2,000-10,000
Official count by Chilean Junta: 244
Clodfelter
According to opposition ("probably inflated")
Civilians: 14,800, incl. 3,000 in 1st day and 5,900 in Santiago
Soldiers: 100 loyal to govt + 400 loyal to Pinochet
"Military's own admission"
1,500 k. or executed during coup.
700 disappeared + 974 executed during rule.
Paul Johnson, citing 8 Oct. 1973 Newsweek: 2,796 bodies in the
Santiago morgue.
Gilbert: >2,500
Skidmore: at least 2,000
Marley: 1,500
WHPSI: 537 deaths from political violence and 465 political
executions in 1973. Total: 1002
St. Petersburg Times, Oct. 1, 1973: Newsweek's claim of 2,796 bodies in the
Santiago morgue came from the daughter of a morgue worker. The Newsweek reporter personally saw some 270 bodies in the morgue. The junta claimed that 284 had died in the coup, plus 10 executions.
AVERAGE:
Median: 2,800-3,200
Pinochet regime (1973-90)
NPR: 3,000
Gilbert: >2,528 arrested and killed.
Grenville: 3,000 disappearances
February 1995 report by the Corporation for Reparation and Reconciliation [http://www.amnesty.it/AIlibtop/1996/AMR/22200196.htm]:
Extrajudicial executions and deaths under torture: 2,095
disappearances: 1,102
TOTAL: 3,197
Alfred McCoy, "Dark Legacy", 20 September 1999: 2,115 extra-judicial deaths under General Pinochet in Chile [http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/54a/062.html]
Marvin Zonis, Majestic Failure : the Fall of the Shah (1991)
estimates a maximum of 5,000 killed during the revolution. In addition, he
cites these estimates:
Revolutionary regime: 60-100,000 "martyrs"
Eqbal Ahmadi: 70,000
James A Bill: 10-12,000
Said Arjomand: 3,000
Ervand Abrahamian: 1,000 individuals counted by name
Dan Smith: 7,000, by death squads (1987-91; citing a parliamentary
commission)
1 Feb. 1994 Sun-Sentinel, Ft. Lauderdale: 5,000 murdered (1988-91)
by police, death squads, gangs, kin, etc.
29 Nov. 1991 Chicago Tribune: 2,000 by death squads in last 4
years
21 Nov. 1990 San Fran. Chronicle: 1081 k. by death squads,
1985-89, in Rio de J.
6 Sept. 1990 Toronto Star: 457 in 3 cities "last year"
by death squads, citing Amnesty Int.
Yanomami Indians
In the face of murder and oppression, the population of the Yanomamis
declined by some 1,000 to 2,000 between 1987 and 1991, and now stands at around
7,500. (6 Sept 1990 Reuters; 17 Oct 1991 Los Angeles Times; 4
Oct 1990 Latin America Weekley Report)
21 June 1989 NY Times: Early estimates of 2600-3000 without basis. Survey
of hospitals indicates about a dozen soldiers/policemen killed + 400-800
civilians.
Hammond: "initial reports ... of 3,000, later revised to 400-800."
The official US estimates were announced 9 Jan. 1999, but I'm not sure the
press was paying attention. They all agree that the low was 600 Iraqis killed,
but the high was variously reported as 1,200 (Christian Science Monitor),
1,600 (NY Times, Montreal Gazette) or 2,000 (Buffalo News, Houston
Chronicle). There also seems to be some confusion over whether the 600+
contains all types of Iraqi military, or just Republican Guards. And to further
cloud the issue, I've seen articles (not cited here) which give these numbers as
"casualties" (Which technically includes wounded.)
HRW [http://www.hrw.org/wr2k1/americas/]: In Sao
Paolo State, police killed 525 civilians in 1998 and 664 in 1999. Autopsies
suggest that ca. 1/3 were shot in back or multiple times.
24 Oct. 1999 Guardian: In state of Rio, police killed 700+ in 1998.
