ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื ื™ (1899ึพ1972)

 <ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”>

Ever Hadani

ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื ื™, ื”ื•ื ืื”ืจืŸ ืคืœื“ืžืŸ, ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื–ื“ื•ื™ื–'ื”, ืœื™ื“ ืคื™ื ืกืง ื‘ื›"ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืจื "ื˜, 2 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1899. ืžืื– 1905 ื‘ืคื™ื ืกืง, ืฉื ืœืžื“ ื•ื’ื•ื“ืœ. ื‘-1913 ืขืœื” ืืจืฆื” ืœืฉื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืžื ืกื™ื” 'ื”ืจืฆืœื™ื”' ื•ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขื‘ืจ ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืชื•ืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉืžื™ืจื”. ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™. ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉื”ื” ื‘ืžื—ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืคืจ-ื’ืœืขื“ื™. ื‘-1926 ื™ืฆื ืœื”ื•ืœื ื“ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืขื ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืขื‘ื“ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘'ืชื ื•ื‘ื”' ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืคื™ืจืกื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช. ืขื ืงื•ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช. ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื ื™ ืคื™ืจืกื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™-ื”ืขืช ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืืžืจื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช. ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื•ื”ืžืชืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืขืฉื” ื‘ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื’ืœื™ืœ.

ืกืคืจื™ื•:

  • ื“ื•ืจืš ื˜ืขื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜ (ื ื™ื• ื™ืืจืง : ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ, 1927) <ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื>
  • ืฆืจื™ืฃ ื”ืขืฅ : ืกืคื•ืจ ืžื—ื™ื™ ื”ืฉื“ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืžืฆืคื”, 1930)
  • ื”ืžืคืขืœ ื‘ืขืจื‘ื” : ืกืคื•ืจ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืฆืคื”, ืชืจืฆ"ื)
  • ืื“ื ืงื˜ืŸ : ืจื•ืžืŸ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืฆืคื”, ืชืจืฆ"ื”)
  • ื”ืฉืœืฉื” : ืจื•ืžืŸ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืฆืคื”, ืชืจืฆ"ื”)
  • ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืข ืฉืขื”'ืŸ : ื ืื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ (ื ื™ื•ื™ืืจืง : ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ, 1935)
  • ืืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื”ื•ืช : ืจื•ืžืŸ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืฆืคื”, ืชืจืฆ"ื”)
  • ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืœื•ื—ื ื‘ืืจื‘ื” : ืกืคื•ืจ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื“ื‘ื™ืจ, ืชืจืฆ"ื—) <ืื™ื•ืจื™ื โ€“ ื ื—ื•ื ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ>
  • ืฆื•ืจ ืชืขื•ื“ื” : ืžื—ื–ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™-ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืž' ื ื™ื•ืžืŸ, ืชืฉ"ื”) <"ื”ืžื—ื–ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ ืœืžืœืื•ืช 75 ืฉื ื” ืœืžืงื•ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ">
  • ื‘ืจื•ื— ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœ : ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื•ื—ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืกืคืจื“ (1492) ืขื“ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™' ืฉืจื‘ืจืง, ืชืฉื™"ื‘)
  • ืืฉืจ ื ืฉืžื” ื‘ืืคื : ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืกื“ื”, ืชืฉื›"ื’)
  • ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื. ืขื‘ืจ-ื”ื“ื ื™ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™' ืฆ'ืฆ'ื™ืง, 1968)
    ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ:
    ื›ืจืš ื. <ืจื•ืžืื ื™ื ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื>: ืฆืจื™ืฃ ื”ืขืฅ.- ื”ืžืคืขืœ ื‘ืขืจื‘ื”.- ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืžืฉืง ืฉืคื™ื™ื.
    ื›ืจืš ื‘. <ืจื•ืžืืŸ ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื>: ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ ืชืคื•ื—ื™.- ื‘ืžืืกืฃ.
    ื›ืจืš ื’. <ื ืขื•ืจื™ื>: ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” <ืจื•ืžืืŸ>.- ื ืขื•ืจื™ื - ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.- ืžื—ื–ื•ืช.
    ื›ืจืš ื“. ื ื”ืœื•ืœื™ื <ื˜ืจื™ืœื•ื’ื™ื”>
    ื›ืจืš ื”. ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื.- ืขื™ื“ื ื™ื <ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื>.
    ื›ืจืš ื•. ื”ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืกืคืจื•ืชื ื•.- ืจืฉืžื™ ืžืกืข <1948>.- ื‘ืกื‘ืš - ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
    ื›ืจืš ื–. ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.

ืขืจื™ื›ื”:

  • ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืืžื ื•ืช, ืชืจืฆ"ื)
  • ืื”ืจืŸ ื' ืื™ื–ื ื‘ืจื’ : ืงื•ืจื•ืชื™ื•, ื›ืชื‘ื™ื• ื•ืชืงื•ืคืชื• ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ืช (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืกื“ื”, ืชืฉ"ื– 1946) <ื‘ืฆืจื•ืฃ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืžืืช ืžืฉื” ืกืžื™ืœื ืกืงื™>
  • ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช-ื”ืขื•ืœื ... (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœ, ืชืฉ"ื— 1947)
  • ืขื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืชื• : ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžืชื ื• ืžื’ืืœื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืขื“ ื”ื—ื™"ืœ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™' ืฉืจื‘ืจืง, ืชืฉ"ื—)
  • ืื™ืฉ ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ : ื™ืฆื—ืง ืœื™ื‘ ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’, ื™"ื‘ ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืจ"ืš - ื˜"ื• ืืœื•ืœ ืชืจืฆ"ื” (1860ึพ1935) (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื”ืงื•ืจื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงืจืŸ ื™"ืœ ื•ืจื—ืœ ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’, ืชืฉ"ื—)
  • ื™ื“ ืœืขืžื•ืก : ื ื›ืชื‘ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื‘ ืชืœ ื-ืจื™ืฉ, ื˜ ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉ"ื˜ / ื”ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืคื™ ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ืข"ื™ ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื ื™ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื“ืคื•ืก ืฉื”ื, ืชืฉ"ื˜)
  • ืชืขืจื•ื›ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ืชืฉ"ื˜ : ื‘ื—ืกื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืŸ-ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ : (ืกื™ื›ื•ื) (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืชืขืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™, ืชืฉ"ื˜)
  • 50 ืฉื ื•ืช ืื’ื•ื“ืช ืคืจื“ืก : 50 ืฉื ื•ืช ืคืจื“ืกื ื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช - ืชืจ"ืก-ืชืฉ"ื™, 1900ึพ1950 (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืฉืœ ืื’ื•ื“ืช ืคืจื“ืก, ืชืฉ"ื™) <ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืžืืช ืžืฉื” ืกืžื™ืœื ืกืงื™>
  • ืขื™ืจ ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ - ืขืคื•ืœื” : ื‘ืช ื›"ื” ืชืจืค"ื”-ืชืฉ"ื™/1925ึพ1950 (ืขืคื•ืœื” : ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช, ืชืฉ"ื™)
  • ื—ื“ืจื” : ืชืจื "ื-ืชืฉื™"ื 1891ึพ1951 : ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ืช ืงื•ืจื•ืชื™ื” (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืกื“ื” ื•ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžื™ื™ืกื“ื™ ื—ื“ืจื”, ืชืฉื™"ื)
  • ื—ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืžืจืžืŸ : ื—ื™ื™ื• ื•ื›ืชื‘ื™ื• ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื‘ื’ืœื™ืœ ื•ื‘"ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ืช" (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื ' ื˜ื‘ืจืกืงื™, ืชืฉื™"ื“ 1953)
  • ืžืื” ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ / ืขืจื•ืš ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™' ืฆ'ืฆ'ื™ืง, 1954)
  • ื”ื”ืชื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœื™ืœ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ : ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ืช ืงื•ืจื•ืชื™ื” (ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ : ืžืกื“ื” ื•ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ืœื™ืœ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ, 1955)
  • ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ : ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช, ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช - ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœื”ืชื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช, ืชืฉื™"ื—)
  • ืžื ื—ืžื™ื” ื‘ืช ืฉื™ืฉื™ื : ืชืจืก"ื‘-ืชืฉื›"ื‘ 1902ึพ1962 (ืžื ื—ืžื™ื” : ื™ื•ื‘ืœ, ืชืฉื›"ื’)
  • ืžืฉืžืจ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ : ืžื•ืฉื‘ืช-ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉื ืคืœื”, ืชืจืž"ื“-ืชืฉ"ื— - 1884ึพ1948 : ืžืคื™ ืžื™ื™ืกื“ื™ื”, ื‘ื ื™ื” ื•ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื” (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ื ืฆื—ืช ืžืฉืžืจ-ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ, ืชืฉื›"ื”)
  • ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ื•ืจืžื™ื : ืœื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืฉื™ื ืชืจืก"ื•-ืชืฉื›"ื• ... ื•ืœื™ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ืคืŸ ืชืจืž"ื‘ ... (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืงื•ืื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืงื‘ื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ-ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘, ืชืฉื›"ื•)
  • ืื—ื•ื–ื” ื' ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ-ื›ืจื›ื•ืจ, ืชืจืข"ื’ 1913 - ืชืฉื›"ื˜ 1968 (ื›ืจื›ื•ืจ : ืื—ื•ื–ื” ื' ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ-ื›ืจื›ื•ืจ, ืชืฉื›"ื˜) <ืจื™ื›ื– ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืž' ื™' ืคืจื— ; ืชืจื’ื•ื ื”ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืœืื ื’ืœื™ืช - ื™' ืž' ืœืกืง>
  • ืื’ื•ื“ืช ืคืจื“ืก ื‘ืช 70 : ืชืจ"ืก-ืชืฉ"ืœ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื™ืคื• : ืื’ื•ื“ืช ืคืจื“ืก, ืชืฉ"ืœ)
  • ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืืจื‘ื” (ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง : ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœื“ื•ืจ, 1971) <ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืืœื—ื ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืœืžืŸ>

ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•:

ืขืœ "ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืขื‘ืจ-ื”ื“ื ื™"
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ

 

 

ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ

 

ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•

 

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื

 

 

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ