Komposer

Komposer (utawi komponis) inggih punika anak sane nyurat notasi musik; sistem sane ngawakilin aura musik malarapan antuk nganggen simbol-simbol tertentu, sane ngawinang musisi prasida muterin not-not punika pinaka musik sane kaatur. Punika sane minayang komposer sareng musisi sane improvisasi utawi maplalian alat musik.

Istilah "komposer" utawi "komponis" sering kaanggen nujuang musik tradisional Barat, inggih punika musik klasik. Antuk tembang lumrah sakadi musik populer, tembang rakyat miwah sane lianan, istilah sane lumrah kaanggen inggih punika pangawi tembang santukan musik populer lumrahnyane marupa tembang tunggal miwah taler santukan skala notasi musik sane alit, yening saihang sareng komposer musik klasik sane lumrahnyane mapaiketan sareng komposisi sane ageng sakadi simfoni orkestra. Nanging, ring galah sane mangkin, akehan pangawi tembang musik sane kaloktah kabaos komposer.

Tingkat pabinayan komposer miwah musisi taler mabinayan. Pabinayan puniki kadang-kadang prasida madue efek negatif sakadi pikobet hak cipta miwah kecenderungan antuk ngajinin interpretasi individu saking karya musik tertentu. Minakadi, ring panglimbak musik klasik utawi opera ring Éropa, fungsi komposer awalnyane nenten kaanggep penting yening saihang sareng fungsi patunjukkan musik.

Wacén salanturnyané

• Beckwith, John; Kasemets, Udo (1961). The Modern Composer and His World. Heritage. Foreword by Louis Applebaum. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. JSTOR 10.3138/j.ctt15jjfcx.
• Blum, Stephen (2023) [2001]. "Composition". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.06216. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.
• Borowiecki, Karol Jan; Kristensen, Martin Hørlyk; Law, Marc T. (2026). "What's in a name? Dynasties, selection, and talent allocation among classical composers". Journal of Economic Growth.
• Mugmon, Matthew (Nopémber 2013). "Beyond the Composer-Conductor Dichotomy: Bernstein's Copland-Inspired Mahler Advocacy". Music & Letters. 94 (4): 606–627. doi:10.1093/ml/gct131. JSTOR 24547378.
• Everist, Mark (2013). "Master and Disciple: Teaching the Composition of Polyphony in the Thirteenth Century". Musica Disciplina. 58: 51–71. JSTOR 24429413.
• Meyer, Leonard B. (2010). Music, the Arts, and Ideas: Patterns and Predictions in Twentieth-Century Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-52144-2.
• Piotrowska, Anna G. (Désémber 2007). "Modernist Composers and the Concept of Genius / Skladatelji Moderne i pojam genija". International Review of the Aesthetics and Sociology of Music. 38 (2): 229–242. JSTOR 25487527.
• Wegman, Rob C. (Autumn 1996). "From Maker to Composer: Improvisation and Musical Authorship in the Low Countries, 1450-1500". Journal of the American Musicological Society. 49 (3): 409–479. doi:10.2307/831769. JSTOR 831769.
• Williams, Justin A.; Williams, Katherine, eds. (2016). The Cambridge Companion to the Singer-Songwriter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-06364-8.
• Young, Toby (2024). "Introduction". Ring Young, Toby (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Composition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–18. ISBN 978-1-108-92373-6.
• Ziolkowski, Jan M. (2018). "1. The Composer". The Juggler of Notre Dame and the Medievalizing of Modernity. 4: Picture That: Making a Show of the Jongleur. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers. ISBN 978-1-01-329142-5. JSTOR j.ctv8d5t5s.