Cesàrolite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Cesàrolite
Giuseppe R. P. Cesàro
Formula:
PbMn4+3O6(OH)2
Colour:
Steel-grey
Lustre:
Sub-Metallic, Dull
Hardness:
4½
Specific Gravity:
5.29
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Name:
Named in 1920 by Henri Jean Francois Buttgenbach (1874-1964) and C. Gillet in honor of Giuseppe Raimondo Pio Cesàro (7 September 1849, Naples, Italy - 20 January 1939, Comblain-au-Pont, Belgium), Professor of Mineralogy and Crystallography, University of Liége. He discovered richellite in 1883, koninckite in 1884, and viséite in 1888 (which would not be described until 1942). He also described and named fraipontite in 1927.
A rare but inconspicuous secondary Pb(II)-Mn(IV)-oxide.
Chemically related to (the Pb-poorer) coronadite.
Chemically related to (the Pb-poorer) coronadite.
Name Encoding
ASCII-7:
Cesarolite
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
939
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:939:9
IMA Classification of Cesàrolite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Pb2+Mn4+3O6(OH)2
Classification of Cesàrolite
4.FG.10
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
G : Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; unclassified
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
G : Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; unclassified
7.6.1.1
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
6 : (AB)5X8
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
6 : (AB)5X8
7.11.27
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
11 : Oxides of Sn and Pb
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
11 : Oxides of Sn and Pb
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Csà | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Cesàrolite
Sub-Metallic, Dull
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Steel-grey
Hardness:
4½ on Mohs scale
Density:
5.29 g/cm3 (Measured)
Optical Data of Cesàrolite
Comments:
In polished sections the crusts are inwardly isotropic and outwardly composed of anisotropic spherules.
Chemistry of Cesàrolite
Mindat Formula:
PbMn4+3O6(OH)2
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Cesàrolite
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Cell Parameters:
a = 2.8106(1) Å, c = 20.386 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 7.253
Unit Cell V:
139.46 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Friable, coke-like masses; botryoidal crusts.
Comment:
Point Group: n.d. ; Space Group: R ; Z = n.d.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.40 Å | (40) |
| 3.21 Å | (10) |
| 2.194 Å | (100) |
| 2.087 Å | (80) |
| 1.760 Å | (50) |
| 1.563 Å | (50) |
| 1.406 Å | (30) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates] |
Type Occurrence of Cesàrolite
General Appearance of Type Material:
botryoidal crusts and cokelike masses.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris
Laboratory of Mineralogy, University of Liège
Laboratory of Mineralogy, University of Liège
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Cesàrolite
Other Language Names for Cesàrolite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 10 photos of Cesàrolite associated with Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| 6 photos of Cesàrolite associated with Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| 5 photos of Cesàrolite associated with Hydrozincite | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| 3 photos of Cesàrolite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 2 photos of Cesàrolite associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
| 2 photos of Cesàrolite associated with Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| 2 photos of Cesàrolite associated with Siderite | FeCO3 |
| 1 photo of Cesàrolite associated with Oxyplumboroméite | Pb2Sb2O6O |
| 1 photo of Cesàrolite associated with Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
| 1 photo of Cesàrolite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.FG.05 | Janggunite | Mn5-x(Mn,Fe)1+xO8(OH)6 |
| 4.FG.15 | Kimrobinsonite | (Ta,Nb)(OH)5-2x(O,CO3)x ; x near 1.2 |
| 4.FG.20 | Langhofite | Pb2(OH)[WO4(OH)] |
| 4.FG.25 | Tashelgite | CaMgFe2+Al9O16(OH) |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Cesàrolite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-939.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Cesàrolite
Localities for Cesàrolite
Showing 51 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria | |
| Auer et al. (2017) |
| Kolitsch (2013) | |
| Christian Auer (2014) |
| Tomazic et al. (2012) |
Bulgaria | |
| Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Annual ... |
Canada | |
| Cleaver et al. (2021) |
Czech Republic | |
| Pauliš et al. (2023) |
| Sejkora et al. (2009) |
France | |
| Lheur (2023) |
| Gol et al. (2010) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Gol et al. (2010) | |
| Georges FAVREAU collection and EDX ... |
| Favreau et al. (2024) |
| Favreau et al. (2024) | |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Reinhardt et al. (2016) |
| SEM-EDS by Joy Desor |
Greece | |
| Uwe Kolitsch and Branko Rieck (unpubl. SEM-EDS results) |
| Schusser et al. (2022) |
| Rieck et al. (2022) | |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Szár Hill |
Italy | |
| Vergani et al. (2021) |
| Parola et al. (2023) +1 other reference |
| Onac (2025) |
| Bortolozzi et al. (2021) |
| Bortolozzi et al. (2021) |
Japan | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
Poland | |
| Pieczka et al. (2015) +2 other references |
Portugal | |
| Alves (n.d.) |
Russia | |
| Sp. №95447 in Fersman Mineralogical Museum (FMM) |
| Silyanov et al. (2021) |
| Ponomarev et al. (2026) |
| Kasatkin et al. (2021) |
Spain | |
| Calvo et al. (2018) |
| Abella i Creus (2018) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Thailand | |
| Sacchi (2017) +1 other reference |
Tunisia (TL) | |
| Ann.Soc.Geol. Belgique (1920) |
UK | |
| John Betterton collection |
| Green et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
| Green et al. (2008) |
| Bridges et al. (2011) | |
| Turner et al. (2010) |
| Cotterell (2006) +1 other reference |
| Cotterell (2009) |
| Cotterell (2007) +2 other references |
USA | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Hewett et al. (1960) +2 other references | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Jerry Cone Collection |
Quick NavTopAbout CesàroliteName EncodingUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography X-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Sidi Amor ben Salem Mine, Slata Pb-Zn deposit, Tajerouine, Kef, Tunisia