Kaersutite Root Name Group
A group of related mineral species
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About Kaersutite Root Name Group
Formula:
ACa2(Z2+3Z3+Ti)(Si6Al2O22)O2
The kaersutite minerals are WO2- dominant amphiboles defined with :
A(Na+K+2Ca)> 0.5 apfu,
X: Ca dominant
ZTi > 0.5 apfu and
WO > 1.0 apfu
The root-name mineral, kearsutite is defined with Na, Mg, Al as the dominant elements in the A and Z positions (= IMA C position) respectively. Kaersutite minerals with other dominant elements are named with pre-fixes in accordance with the guidelines established in the 2012 amphibole nomenclature.'
On mindat.org we avoid using variables with the same symbol as elements and deviate from the IMA nomenclature in that we use X rather than B, Z rather than C and (OH,F,Cl,O) rather than W.
The kaersutite root name group minerals was redefined in the 2012 amphibole nomenclature, from ACa2(Z2+3Z3+Ti)(Si6Al2O22)O(OH) to ACa2(Z2+3Z3+Ti)(Si6Al2O22)O2. A result of this is that many previous kaersutites are now pargasite or hastingsite root name group minerals.
A(Na+K+2Ca)> 0.5 apfu,
X: Ca dominant
ZTi > 0.5 apfu and
WO > 1.0 apfu
The root-name mineral, kearsutite is defined with Na, Mg, Al as the dominant elements in the A and Z positions (= IMA C position) respectively. Kaersutite minerals with other dominant elements are named with pre-fixes in accordance with the guidelines established in the 2012 amphibole nomenclature.'
On mindat.org we avoid using variables with the same symbol as elements and deviate from the IMA nomenclature in that we use X rather than B, Z rather than C and (OH,F,Cl,O) rather than W.
The kaersutite root name group minerals was redefined in the 2012 amphibole nomenclature, from ACa2(Z2+3Z3+Ti)(Si6Al2O22)O(OH) to ACa2(Z2+3Z3+Ti)(Si6Al2O22)O2. A result of this is that many previous kaersutites are now pargasite or hastingsite root name group minerals.
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
For the locality at Qaersut (Kaersut), Uummannaq (Umanak) Firth, northern Greenland
The kaersutite root name group minerals are typical for upper mantle rocks. It is common, and even a major constituent of alkali-magmas under high pressures between 25-35 kbar. On surface it can be found as sub mm grains in alkaline volcanic rocks, such as basanites and mugearites, or in alkaline plutonic rocks. Under certain circumstances, titanian amphiboles can also be formed at lower pressures, and it seems as the presence of F- may increase the stability field of kaersutitic amphiboles even at close to atmospheric pressure.
Kaersutite crystals can form when the magma fractionates and allow larger crystals to form. It is believed that this is a very slow process, taking maybe thousands of years under constant pressure and temperature to form a 1 cm crystal. The crystal then must be transported to the surface to be frozen as a crystal (megacryst, porfyroblast) in a fine-grained volcanic matrix.
Kaersutite minerals may also be formed in volcanic dikes. This is the case for the type locality Qaersut. In these cases, the kaersutite minerals grow rather rapidly, only 25 days is estimated for the up to 4 in. long crystals found near the Hoover Dam in the US. The mechanisms causing the growth of large kaersutite crystals in these dikes has been compared to how pegmatites are formed. The Qaersut occurance has sometimes been referred to as a "kaersutite-pegmatite".
Kaersutite crystals can form when the magma fractionates and allow larger crystals to form. It is believed that this is a very slow process, taking maybe thousands of years under constant pressure and temperature to form a 1 cm crystal. The crystal then must be transported to the surface to be frozen as a crystal (megacryst, porfyroblast) in a fine-grained volcanic matrix.
Kaersutite minerals may also be formed in volcanic dikes. This is the case for the type locality Qaersut. In these cases, the kaersutite minerals grow rather rapidly, only 25 days is estimated for the up to 4 in. long crystals found near the Hoover Dam in the US. The mechanisms causing the growth of large kaersutite crystals in these dikes has been compared to how pegmatites are formed. The Qaersut occurance has sometimes been referred to as a "kaersutite-pegmatite".
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
8946
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:8946:9
Chemistry of Kaersutite Root Name Group
Mindat Formula:
ACa2(Z2+3Z3+Ti)(Si6Al2O22)O2
The kaersutite minerals are WO2- dominant amphiboles defined with :
A(Na+K+2Ca)> 0.5 apfu,
X: Ca dominant
ZTi > 0.5 apfu and
WO > 1.0 apfu
The root-name mineral, kearsutite is defined with Na, Mg, Al as the dominant elements in the A and Z positions (= IMA C position) respectively. Kaersutite minerals with other dominant elements are named with pre-fixes in accordance with the guidelines established in the 2012 amphibole nomenclature.'
On mindat.org we avoid using variables with the same symbol as elements and deviate from the IMA nomenclature in that we use X rather than B, Z rather than C and (OH,F,Cl,O) rather than W.
The kaersutite root name group minerals was redefined in the 2012 amphibole nomenclature, from ACa2(Z2+3Z3+Ti)(Si6Al2O22)O(OH) to ACa2(Z2+3Z3+Ti)(Si6Al2O22)O2. A result of this is that many previous kaersutites are now pargasite or hastingsite root name group minerals.
The kaersutite minerals are WO2- dominant amphiboles defined with :
A(Na+K+2Ca)> 0.5 apfu,
X: Ca dominant
ZTi > 0.5 apfu and
WO > 1.0 apfu
The root-name mineral, kearsutite is defined with Na, Mg, Al as the dominant elements in the A and Z positions (= IMA C position) respectively. Kaersutite minerals with other dominant elements are named with pre-fixes in accordance with the guidelines established in the 2012 amphibole nomenclature.'
On mindat.org we avoid using variables with the same symbol as elements and deviate from the IMA nomenclature in that we use X rather than B, Z rather than C and (OH,F,Cl,O) rather than W.
The kaersutite root name group minerals was redefined in the 2012 amphibole nomenclature, from ACa2(Z2+3Z3+Ti)(Si6Al2O22)O(OH) to ACa2(Z2+3Z3+Ti)(Si6Al2O22)O2. A result of this is that many previous kaersutites are now pargasite or hastingsite root name group minerals.
Age distribution
Recorded ages:
Phanerozoic : 336 ± 28 Ma to 33.6 ± 1.8 Ma - based on 20 recorded ages.
Sample ages:
| Sample ID | Recorded age | Geologic Time | Dating method |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 39.5 ± 1.8 to 33.6 ± 1.8 Ma | Paleogene | Ar/Ar |
| 2 | 60.5 ± 20.2 Ma | Paleocene | Ar-Ar |
| 3 | 129 ± 0.5 Ma | Early/Lower Cretaceous | Ar-Ar |
| 4 | 129.8 ± 2.2 Ma | Early/Lower Cretaceous | Ar-Ar |
| 5 | 130.7 ± 0.5 Ma | Early/Lower Cretaceous | Ar-Ar |
| 6 | 131.6 ± 0.4 Ma | Early/Lower Cretaceous | Ar-Ar |
| 7 | 132 ± 1 Ma | Early/Lower Cretaceous | Ar-Ar |
| 8 | 132.2 ± 0.3 Ma | Early/Lower Cretaceous | Ar-Ar |
| 9 | 132.6 ± 1 Ma | Early/Lower Cretaceous | Ar-Ar |
| 10 | 133.2 ± 2.3 Ma | Early/Lower Cretaceous | Ar-Ar |
| 11 | 136.4 ± 3.9 Ma | Early/Lower Cretaceous | Ar-Ar |
| 12 | 146 ± 4.2 Ma | Late Jurassic | Ar-Ar |
| 13 | 336 ± 28 Ma | Mississippian | Rb-Sr |
Sample references:
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SiO2 | 38,24 % | 40,73 % | 39,12 % | 43.49 % | 40.35 % | 38.59 % | 40.48 % |
| TiO2 | 5,61 % | 8,47 % | 2,97 % | 4.46 % | 4.47 % | 4.75 % | 4.51 % |
| Al2O3 | 15,16 % | 10,62 % | 14,67 % | 11.05 % | 11.95 % | 13.39 % | 11.73 % |
| Fe2O3 | 1,24 % | 1,39 % | 4,82 % | ||||
| FeO | 11,30 % | 11,91 % | 6,14 % | 7.18 % | 17.81 % | 14.88 % | 17.59 % |
| MnO | 0,16 % | 0,25 % | 0,05 % | 0.09 % | 0.32 % | 0.41 % | 0.47 % |
| MgO | 9,48 % | 10,46 % | 14,37 % | 16.04 % | 8.23 % | 10.54 % | 8.05 % |
| CaO | 13,36 % | 10,40 % | 12,36 % | 11.41 % | 9.43 % | 10.68 % | 9.33 % |
| Na2O | 2,21 % | 2,92 % | 2,02 % | 2.89 % | 2.81 % | 2.4 % | 2.81 % |
| K2O | 1,16 % | 1,33 % | 2,09 % | 0.2 % | 2.15 % | 1.26 % | 2.12 % |
| H2O+ | 1,83 % | 1,97 % | 2,27 % | ||||
| H2O- | 0,04 % | 0,23 % | 0,07 % | ||||
| Cr2O3 | 0. % | ||||||
| NiO | |||||||
| F | 0.22 % | ||||||
| Cl | 0.15 % | ||||||
| Total: | 96 % | 94 % | 97 % | 97.18 % | 97.52 % | 96.9 % | 97.09 % |
Sample references:
Crystallography of Kaersutite Root Name Group
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0005067 | Kaersutite | Comopdi P, Boffa Ballaran T, Zanazzi P F, Capalbo C, Zanetti A, Nazzareni S (2010) The effect of oxo-component on the high-pressure behavior of amphiboles American Mineralogist 95 1042-1051 | 2010 | an alkaline basalt of Deadman Lake Volcanic Area, USA | 0.0001 | 293 | |
| 0005060 | Kaersutite | Comopdi P, Boffa Ballaran T, Zanazzi P F, Capalbo C, Zanetti A, Nazzareni S (2010) The effect of oxo-component on the high-pressure behavior of amphiboles American Mineralogist 95 1042-1051 | 2010 | an alkaline basalt of the Massif Central, France | 0.0001 | 293 | |
| 0005061 | Kaersutite | Comopdi P, Boffa Ballaran T, Zanazzi P F, Capalbo C, Zanetti A, Nazzareni S (2010) The effect of oxo-component on the high-pressure behavior of amphiboles American Mineralogist 95 1042-1051 | 2010 | an alkaline basalt of the Massif Central, France | 0.26 | 293 | |
| 0005068 | Kaersutite | Comopdi P, Boffa Ballaran T, Zanazzi P F, Capalbo C, Zanetti A, Nazzareni S (2010) The effect of oxo-component on the high-pressure behavior of amphiboles American Mineralogist 95 1042-1051 | 2010 | an alkaline basalt of Deadman Lake Volcanic Area, USA | 0.67 | 293 | |
| 0005062 | Kaersutite | Comopdi P, Boffa Ballaran T, Zanazzi P F, Capalbo C, Zanetti A, Nazzareni S (2010) The effect of oxo-component on the high-pressure behavior of amphiboles American Mineralogist 95 1042-1051 | 2010 | an alkaline basalt of the Massif Central, France | 2.85 | 293 | |
| 0005069 | Kaersutite | Comopdi P, Boffa Ballaran T, Zanazzi P F, Capalbo C, Zanetti A, Nazzareni S (2010) The effect of oxo-component on the high-pressure behavior of amphiboles American Mineralogist 95 1042-1051 | 2010 | an alkaline basalt of Deadman Lake Volcanic Area, USA | 3.65 | 293 | |
| 0005063 | Kaersutite | Comopdi P, Boffa Ballaran T, Zanazzi P F, Capalbo C, Zanetti A, Nazzareni S (2010) The effect of oxo-component on the high-pressure behavior of amphiboles American Mineralogist 95 1042-1051 | 2010 | an alkaline basalt of the Massif Central, France | 3.74 | 293 | |
| 0005064 | Kaersutite | Comopdi P, Boffa Ballaran T, Zanazzi P F, Capalbo C, Zanetti A, Nazzareni S (2010) The effect of oxo-component on the high-pressure behavior of amphiboles American Mineralogist 95 1042-1051 | 2010 | an alkaline basalt of the Massif Central, France | 4.31 | 293 | |
| 0005070 | Kaersutite | Comopdi P, Boffa Ballaran T, Zanazzi P F, Capalbo C, Zanetti A, Nazzareni S (2010) The effect of oxo-component on the high-pressure behavior of amphiboles American Mineralogist 95 1042-1051 | 2010 | an alkaline basalt of Deadman Lake Volcanic Area, USA | 4.54 | 293 | |
| 0005065 | Kaersutite | Comopdi P, Boffa Ballaran T, Zanazzi P F, Capalbo C, Zanetti A, Nazzareni S (2010) The effect of oxo-component on the high-pressure behavior of amphiboles American Mineralogist 95 1042-1051 | 2010 | an alkaline basalt of the Massif Central, France | 4.84 | 293 | |
| 0005071 | Kaersutite | Comopdi P, Boffa Ballaran T, Zanazzi P F, Capalbo C, Zanetti A, Nazzareni S (2010) The effect of oxo-component on the high-pressure behavior of amphiboles American Mineralogist 95 1042-1051 | 2010 | an alkaline basalt of Deadman Lake Volcanic Area, USA | 5.42 | 293 | |
| 0005066 | Kaersutite | Comopdi P, Boffa Ballaran T, Zanazzi P F, Capalbo C, Zanetti A, Nazzareni S (2010) The effect of oxo-component on the high-pressure behavior of amphiboles American Mineralogist 95 1042-1051 | 2010 | an alkaline basalt of the Massif Central, France | 6.35 | 293 | |
| 0006776 | Kaersutite | Tiepolo M, Zanetti A, Oberti R (1999) Detection, crystal-chemical mechanisms and petrological implications of Ti4+ partitioning in pargasite and kaersutite European Journal of Mineralogy 11 345-354 | 1999 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0006775 | Kaersutite | Tiepolo M, Zanetti A, Oberti R (1999) Detection, crystal-chemical mechanisms and petrological implications of Ti4+ partitioning in pargasite and kaersutite European Journal of Mineralogy 11 345-354 | 1999 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0006774 | Kaersutite | Tiepolo M, Zanetti A, Oberti R (1999) Detection, crystal-chemical mechanisms and petrological implications of Ti4+ partitioning in pargasite and kaersutite European Journal of Mineralogy 11 345-354 | 1999 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0006773 | Kaersutite | Tiepolo M, Zanetti A, Oberti R (1999) Detection, crystal-chemical mechanisms and petrological implications of Ti partitioning in pargasite and kaersutite European Journal of Mineralogy 11 345-354 | 1999 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
Relationship of Kaersutite Root Name Group to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of w(O)-dominant Amphibole Group:
| Mangani-dellaventuraite | NaNa2(MgMn3+2Ti4+Li)Si8O22O2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Mangano-mangani-ungarettiite | NaNa2(Mn2+2Mn3+3)(Si8O22)O2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Obertiite Root Name Group | ANa2(C2+3C3+Ti)Si8O22O2 | |
| Oxo-magnesio-hastingsite | NaCa2(Mg3(Fe3+2-x,Tix))5(Si6Al2O22)O2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Oxo-mangani-leakeite | NaNa2(Mn3+4Li)Si8O22O2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 'Oxo-pargasite' | NaCa2(Mg3(Al2-xTix))5(Si6Al2O22)O2 | |
| Potassic-jeanlouisite | K(NaCa)(Mg4Ti)Si8O22O2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 'Potassic-mangano-mangani-ungarettiite' | KNa2(Mn2+2Mn3+3)Si8O22O2 |
Kaersutite Root Name Group Members:
| Ferri-kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3Fe3+Ti)(Si6Al2O22)O2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 'Ferro-kaersutite' | NaCa2(Fe2+3AlTi)(Si6Al2O22)O2 | Mon. |
| Kaersutite | NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 'Potassic-ferri-kaersutite' | KCa2(Mg3Fe3+Ti)(Si6Al2)O22O2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Kaersutite Root Name Group in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
Internet Links for Kaersutite Root Name Group
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https://www.mindat.org/min-8946.html
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References for Kaersutite Root Name Group
Reference List:
Leake, B. E. (1968) A Catalog of Analyzed Calciferous and Subcalciferous Amphiboles Together with Their Nomenclature and Associated Minerals - Geological Society of America Special Papers. Geological Society of America. doi:10.1130/spe98
Jirák, Z., Pechar, F., Vratislav, S. (1986) Distribution of Cations and the Proton Location in Kaersutite. Crystal Research and Technology, 21 (12). 1517-1519 doi:10.1002/crat.2170211207
Dyar, M. Darby, Mackwell, Stephen., Mcguire, Anne V., Cross, Laura R., Robertson, J. David (1993) Crystal chemistry of Fe3+ and H+ in mantle kaersutite: Implications for mantle metasomatism. American Mineralogist, 78 (9-10) 968-979
Localities for Kaersutite Root Name Group
Showing 391 localities.
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The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Nickenicher Sattel, Nickenich, Pellenz, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany