Khamrabaevite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Khamrabaevite
Formula:
(Ti,V,Fe)C
Colour:
Dark gray
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
9 - 9½
Specific Gravity:
10.01 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Isometric
Name:
Named in honor of Ibrahim Khamrabaevich Khamrabaev (Ибраги́м Хамраба́евич Хамра́баев) (5 May 1920, Uzgen, Kyrgyzstan - 29 June 2002, Tashkent, Uzbekistan), Director, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Possibly the V analogue of 'UM1989-04-C:TiV'.
Synthetic titanium carbide is a very important high-performance ceramic.
Synthetic titanium carbide is a very important high-performance ceramic.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2194
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2194:0
IMA Classification of Khamrabaevite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Ti4+C4-
Approval year:
1983
First published:
1984
Classification of Khamrabaevite
1.BA.20
1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
B : Metallic Carbides, Silicides, Nitrides, Phosphides and Hydrides
A : Carbides
1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
B : Metallic Carbides, Silicides, Nitrides, Phosphides and Hydrides
A : Carbides
Dana 7th ed.:
1.1.28.2
1.1.19.2
1 : NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
1 : Metals, other than the Platinum Group
1 : NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
1 : Metals, other than the Platinum Group
2.9
2 : Carbides, Nitrides, Silicides and Phosphides
2 : Carbides, Nitrides, Silicides and Phosphides
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Krb | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Khamrabaevite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Dark gray
Hardness:
9 - 9½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=2290 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
10.01 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Khamrabaevite
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) |
|---|---|
| 440nm | 46.2% |
| 460nm | 46.4% |
| 500nm | 47.2% |
| 520nm | 47.2% |
| 540nm | 47.2% |
| 560nm | 47.4% |
| 580nm | 47.5% |
| 600nm | 47.7% |
| 620nm | 47.9% |
| 640nm | 48.4% |
| 660nm | 49.7% |
| 680nm | 50.3% |
| 700nm | 50.6% |
| 720nm | 51.0% |
| 740nm | 51.7% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 51.7%.
Chemistry of Khamrabaevite
Mindat Formula:
(Ti,V,Fe)C
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Khamrabaevite
Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m(4/m32/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Fm3m
Setting:
Fm3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.319(5) Å
Unit Cell V:
80.57 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0011949 | Khamrabaevite | Christensen A N (1978) The temperature factor parameters of some transition metal carbides and nitrides by single crystal X-ray and neutron diffraction Acta Chemica Scandinavica A32 89-90 | 1978 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0018162 | Khamrabaevite | Becker K, Ebert F (1925) Die Kristallstrukturen einiger binaerer Carbide und Nitride. _cod_database_code 1011320 Zeitschrift fur Physik 31 268-272 | 1925 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.163 Å | (100) |
| 1.299 Å | (100) |
| 1.535 Å | (80) |
| 2.504 Å | (60) |
| 1.247 Å | (40) |
| 1.079 Å | (20) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Pre-terrestrial "Ur-minerals" | >4.57 |
| 1 : Stellar atmosphere condensates | |
| Stage 1: Primary nebular phases | 4.567-4.561 |
| 3 : Solar nebular condensates (CAIs, AOAs, URIs) | >4.565 |
| Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
| 8 : Mafic igneous rocks | |
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 26 : Hadean detrital minerals | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks |
Type Occurrence of Khamrabaevite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Skeletal cubic crystals, 0.1 to 0.3 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Amygdaloidal basaltic porphyrite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Khamrabaevite
Other Language Names for Khamrabaevite
Dutch:Khamrabaeviet
German:Khamrabaevit
Russian:Хамрабаевит
Simplified Chinese:碳钛矿
Spanish:Khamrabaevita
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 1.BA.05 | Cohenite | Fe3C |
| 1.BA.10 | Haxonite | NiFe22C6 |
| 1.BA.10 | Isovite | (Cr,Fe)23C6 |
| 1.BA.15 | Tongbaite | Cr3C2 |
| 1.BA.20 | Niobocarbide | (Nb,Ta)C |
| 1.BA.20 | Tantalcarbide | TaC |
| 1.BA.25 | Qusongite | WC |
| 1.BA.25 | Zoyashlyukovaite | MoC |
| 1.BA.30 | Yarlongite | Cr4Fe4NiC4 |
| 1.BA.35 | Edscottite | Fe5C2 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Khamrabaevite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2194.html
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References for Khamrabaevite
Localities for Khamrabaevite
Showing 15 localities.
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
China | |
| Vandenbroucke Museum Waregem Belgium ... |
| Mugnaioli et al. (2022) |
Israel | |
| Griffin et al. (2021) |
| Griffin et al. (2016) +1 other reference | |
Mexico | |
| Ma et al. (2009) |
Russia | |
| Rappenglück (2022) |
| Mineral. Zhurnal: 9: 7l-82: 1987 Zharg et al. (1986) +1 other reference | |
Tajikistan | |
| Pekov (1998) |
Ukraine | |
| Rappenglück (2022) |
| Yatsenko et al. (2021) |
| Yatsenko et al. (2020) |
| Tatarintsev et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
Uzbekistan (TL) | |
| Novgorodova et al. (1984) +2 other references |
| Yusupov et al. (2009) |
Outer Space | |
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The
Sandao village, Fengning County, Chengde, Hebei, China