Shungite (1)
A variety of 'Pyrobitumen'
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About Shungite (1)
Colour:
Black
Lustre:
Sub-Metallic
Name:
Named after locality.
Shungite is a name given to both a pyrobitumen-like carbon-rich mineraloid (Shungite(1)) and a metamorphosed Precambrian algal-derived oil shale or sapropelite (Shungite (2)) both mostly restricted to the Karelia region of Russia (Melezhik et al., 2004).
Shungite (1) is essentially a noncrystalline carbon with trace amounts of fullerenes (0.0001 < 0.001%) (Mosin & Ignatov, 2013).
It reportedly has a metastable structure, possibly incapable of graphitization (Rozhkova, 2002).
Originally described from Shun'ga area, Shun'ga village, Onega lake, Karelia Republic, Northern Region, Russia, by Inostranzev (1879) as a black, lustrous substance containing ca. 98 wt.% C that occurs in the form of veins and layers near Shunga.
Shungite (1) is essentially a noncrystalline carbon with trace amounts of fullerenes (0.0001 < 0.001%) (Mosin & Ignatov, 2013).
It reportedly has a metastable structure, possibly incapable of graphitization (Rozhkova, 2002).
Originally described from Shun'ga area, Shun'ga village, Onega lake, Karelia Republic, Northern Region, Russia, by Inostranzev (1879) as a black, lustrous substance containing ca. 98 wt.% C that occurs in the form of veins and layers near Shunga.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
11040 (as Shungite (1))
35845 (as Pyrobitumen)
35845 (as Pyrobitumen)
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:11040:0 (as Shungite (1))
mindat:1:1:35845:3 (as Pyrobitumen)
mindat:1:1:35845:3 (as Pyrobitumen)
Similar Names
| Chongite | A valid IMA mineral species | Ca3Mg2(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2 · 4H2O |
| Shungite (2) | A rock subtype |
Pronunciation of Shungite (1)
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Shungite (1)
Synonyms of Shungite (1)
Other Language Names for Shungite (1)
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 4 photos of Shungite (1) associated with Antlerite | Cu3(SO4)(OH)4 |
| 2 photos of Shungite (1) associated with 'Fullerite' | C60 |
| 2 photos of Shungite (1) associated with Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
| 2 photos of Shungite (1) associated with Evansite | Al3(PO4)(OH)6 · 6H2O |
| 1 photo of Shungite (1) associated with Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 1 photo of Shungite (1) associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 1 photo of Shungite (1) associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Shungite (1) in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
Internet Links for Shungite (1)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-11040.html
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References for Shungite (1)
Reference List:
Khavari-Khorasani, Ganjavar, Murchison, Duncan G. (1979) The nature of Karelian shungite. Chemical Geology, 26 (1) 165-182 doi:10.1016/0009-2541(79)90037-8
Ivankin, P. F.; Galdobina, L. P.; Kalinin, Yu. K. (1987) Shungites: origin and classification of a new carbon mineral resource. International Geology Review, 29 (10). 1208-1214 doi:10.1080/00206818709466215
Heymann, D. (1995) Search for ancient fullerenes in anthraxolite, shungite, and thucolite. Carbon, 33. 237-239 doi:10.1016/0008-6223(95)92804-n
Gu, Y., Wilson, M.A., Fisher, K.J., Dance, I.G., Willett, G.D., Ren, D., Volkova, I.B. (1995) Fullerenes and shungite. Carbon, 33. 862-863 doi:10.1016/0008-6223(95)99784-r
Parthasarathy, G., Srinivasan, R., Vairamani, M., Ravikumar, K., Kunwar, A.C. (1998) Occurrence of natural fullerenes in low grade metamorphosed Proterozoic shungite from Karelia, Russia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62 (21) 3541-3544 doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(98)00242-7
Localities for Shungite (1)
Showing 21 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Stur 1865 |
| Vavtar (1977) |
| Schulz et al. (1970) |
China | |
| Shen (n.d.) |
Colombia | |
DR Congo | |
| Francotte et al. (?) +1 other reference |
| Francotte et al. (?) | |
| Francotte et al. (?) |
India | |
| K.S. Misra of the Geological Survey of India (GSI) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Jiang et al. (2021) |
Russia | |
| Gordienko et al. (2016) |
| Krupenin (2002) |
| KRUPENIN (2004) | |
| Buseck et al. (1997) |
| Buseck et al. (1997) |
| Kuleshevich et al. (2007) |
| Chernikov et al. (2007) |
| Polekhovskiy et al. (2005) | |
USA | |
| ID based on Raman spectrum by J. A. ... |
Shun'ga area, Shun'ga village, Medvezhyegorsky District, Republic of Karelia, Russia