ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืฉื ื™ืจ (1894ึพ1961)

<ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”>

Mordecai Snir

ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืฉื ื™ืจ (ืงื•ืฉื ื™ืจ) ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื‘ืืœื˜ื”, ืคื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื” (ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื”) ื‘ื›"ื˜ ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ืชืจื "ื”, 27 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1894. ืขืœื” ืืจืฆื” ืขื ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืชืจืก"ื• (1905). ืขื‘ื“ ื›ืคื•ืขืœ ื—ืงืœืื™ ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื’ืœื™ืœ. ืž-1918 ืขืกืง ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช. ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ืคื•ืก ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ "ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”", ื‘ื• ื ืชืคืจืกื ืžืืžืจื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ื“ื™ื. ื”ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”"ืงื•ื˜ืจืก" (ืชืจืข"ื˜-ืชืจืค"ื’), ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” (1927), ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืฉื™ืœืจ (1928), ื‘ื”ื‘ืื” ืœื“ืคื•ืก ืฉืœ ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ื™ "ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”". ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1929ึพ1934 ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื’ื‘ืข ื•ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš ื‘"ืžืจื›ื– ืœื ื•ืขืจ" ื•ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื“ืจื™-ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืข"ืฉ ื ื—ืžืŸ ืกื™ืจืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ืฉื ื™ื”ืœื ืขื“ ืคืจื™ืฉืชื• ื‘-1960. ืคื™ืจืกื ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืžืืžืจื™ื ื•ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืื™ืฉื™ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืื’ื“ื•ืช. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืข"ืฉ ืกื™ืจืงื™ืŸ ืขืจืš ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.  ืื—ื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืงื•ืฉื ื™ืจ. ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืฉื ื™ืจ ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ื›"ื˜ ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ืชืฉื›"ื‘, 7 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1961.
[ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช: ืงืจืกืœ, ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”]

ืกืคืจื™ื•:

  • ืขืจื›ื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœื ื•ืขืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืชืจืฆ"ื“)
  • ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืคืงื•ื“ื” : ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ืœืงื—ืŸ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืชืจืฆ"ื–)
  • ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉ"ื“)
  • ืขืœ ื™"ื— ื‘ืจื ืจ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ื”ื•ืขื“ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ, ืชืฉ"ื”)
  • ืคืจืงื™ ืขืœื™ื” : ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืขืจื›ื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืจ' ืžืก, ืชืฉ"ื”)
  • ืื’ื“ื•ืช ืชื™ืžืŸ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉื™"ื‘)
  • ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื : ืžืืžืจื™ื ื•ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉื™"ื“)
  • ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื• (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘, ืชืฉื™"ื˜)
  • ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” : ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืขืœ ืžืื‘ืงื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื” ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื” ืžืฉื ื•ืช ืชืจืก"ื•-ืชืฉ"ื˜ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื, ืชืฉื™"ื˜)
  • ื”ื ืขื™ืžื” ื”ืื—ืช (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขืžื™ื—ื™, ืชืฉื›"ื“ 1963)
ืขืจื™ื›ื”:
  • ืื”ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื“ืคื•ืก ืื—ื“ื•ืช, 1921)
  • ื. ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ; ื‘. ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื / ื"ื– ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ; ืœื•ืงื˜ ื•ืกื•ื“ืจ ืข"ื™ ืž' ืงื•ืฉื ื™ืจ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ืื—ืจื™ ืชืจืฆ"ื”)
  • ืจื—ืœ ื•ืฉื™ืจืชื” : ืžื‘ื—ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื” (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื“ื‘ืจ, ืชืฉ"ื•) <ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ืช ื™ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ ื‘-1971>
  • ื"ื“ ื’ื•ืจื“ื•ืŸ : ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืขืจื›ื” (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ืชืฉ"ื–)
  • ื“ื•ื“ ืจืžื– : ืื™ืฉ ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืขืฉื” (ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื•) (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืคืœื’ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืชืฉื›"ื‘)
  • ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื ืจ : ืžื‘ื—ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช (ืขื™ืŸ ื—ืจื•ื“ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉ"ื“) <ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ืช ื™ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ ื‘-1971>
  • ื”ืกื•ืœื ืืœ ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ : ืœืงื˜ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืจืœ ื›ืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ืงื™ืžืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืขืœ ื’ืื•ืœืช ื”ืืจืฅ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ืงื™ืžืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืชืฉ"ื•)
  • ืขืœ ื‘' ื›ืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ : ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืขืจื›ื” (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืคืœื’ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืชืฉื™"ื‘)
  • ื›ืชื‘ื™ื / ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืฉื” ืงื•ืœืจ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ืชืฉ"ืš)
ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•:
ืขืœ "ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื•"
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ

 

 

ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ

 

ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•

 

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื

 

 

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ