ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื“ืฉื (1915โ€“1998)

 <ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”>

Michael Deshe

ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื“ืฉื (ืื™ื™ื–ื ืฉื˜ื“ื˜) ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื‘ื•ื‘ืจื•ื™ืกืง, ื‘ืœืืจื•ืก, ื‘ื›ืดื’ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืจืขืดื”, 5 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1915. ืขืœื” ืืจืฆื” ืขื ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ื‘-1925, ืฉื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื• ืœืกื™ืจื•ื’ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ืคื”, ื‘ืืจ-ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื”, ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืž-1930 ื‘ืคืจื“ืก ื—ื ื”. ืกื™ื™ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ืงืจืœืื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ (1930) ื•ืžืื– ื‘ืžืฉืง ื”ื•ืจื™ื•. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1936โ€“1938 ืœืžื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืœืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ืจื ื•ืž-1938 ืขืกืง ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื‘-1941 ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ืœืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื• ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืฉื“ื•ืช-ื™ื. ื‘ืชื•ื ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื™ืฆื ืœืžื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืขืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื•ืขื‘ื“ ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ ืฉื•ืื”. ื‘ื’ืžืจ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื ืฆื”ืœ (ืžื•ืฉื‘ ืœื™ืžืŸ ื‘ื’ืœื™ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™).  ื‘-1954 ืกื™ื™ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืžื“ืขื™-ื”ืจื•ื— ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืชืœื ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื˜ืจื•ื™ื˜, ืžื™ืฉื™ื’ืŸ, ืฉื‘ืืจื”ืดื‘. ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืŸ-ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืืจ-ืฉื‘ืข ื•ืขืจืš ืืช ื”ื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ ืดืžื” ืžื ื’ื‘ืด. ื‘-1965 ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืžื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื“ืžื” ืœื™ื“ ื’ื“ืจื”. ืœื™ืžื“ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉ ืœืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ืคืจืกื ืžืืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืงืจื™ืื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ื ืขื•ืจื™ื. ืžืื– ืฉื™ืจื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ (ื‘ืดื‘ืžืขืœื”ืด 1937) ืคื™ืจืกื ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื›ืชื‘ื™-ืขืช. ืดืฉื™ืจื™ื• ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆืœื™ืœื•ืช ืžื•ืกื™ืงืœื™ืช ื•ื”ื ืจื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื‘ื” ืœื˜ื‘ืขืด. ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื“ืฉื ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื“ืžื” ื‘ื›ืดื— ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉื ืดื—, 19 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1998.


ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื“ืฉื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช

ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื“ืฉื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช

ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช: ืงืจืกืœ, ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื’ืฆืœ ืงืจืกืœ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ืื•ืคืง ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”

ืกืคืจื™ื•:

  • ืฉื—ืจื™ืช : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื‘ืžืขืœื”, ืชืฉืดื)
  • ืื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ ื™ื : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ื‘ื ื”, ืชืฉืดื•)
  • ืขื“ ื”ื™ืจื— ื”ื–ื” --- : ืฆืจื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ ืื”ื‘ื”, ืชืจืฆืดื–-ืชืฉืดื™ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืงืจื™ืช ืกืคืจ, ืชืฉืดื™)
  • ืื•ืจื™ืช ืžืกืคืจืช : ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืงืจื™ืช ืกืคืจ, ืชืฉื™ืดื“)
  • ื”ื ืจ ื•ื”ืฉืžืฉ : ืกืคื•ืจื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขืžื™ื—ื™, ืชืฉื˜ืดื–)
  • ืขื•ืœืช ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื“ืžื” : ืฉื™ืจื™ื: ืชืฉืดื“-ืชืฉื™ืดื— (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืกื“ื”, ืชืฉื™ืดื—)
  • ื ืžืจื•ื“ : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืื‘ื ืจ, ืชืฉื™ืดื˜ 1959) <ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื - ืž. ืืจื™ื”>
  • ืžื™ ืžื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื‘ืจืง? : ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ื‘ื ื”, ืชืฉื™ืดื˜)
  • ืœื“ื•ื›ื™ืคืช ืœื ืื›ืคืช : ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ ื’ื“ื™ืฉ, ืชืฉื™ืดื˜) <ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื - ืขืžื™ืจื ืชืžืจื™>
  • ื™ืคื” ืžื›ืœ ืฉื™ืจ : ืฆืจื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ ืื”ื‘ื” (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืฉ' ื–ื™ืžื–ื•ืŸ, 1962)

ืขืจื™ื›ื”:

  • ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœืงื—ื (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื”, [ืชืฉืด?] 2 ื›ืจ'.
    ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ: [ื]. ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ืœืฉื›ื‘ื” ื”ืžืชื‘ื’ืจืช ื‘ืœื•ื•ื™ืช ื ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื”ืขืจื•ืช -- ื‘. ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ืœืฉื›ื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืœื•ื™ืช ื ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื”ืขืจื•ืช / ื”ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื ืขืจื›ื” ืขืดื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืจ ื•ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื“ืฉื.
  • ื“ืข ืืช ื”ื ื’ื‘ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืงืจื™ืช ืกืคืจ, ืชืฉื˜ืดื•) <ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื’ื•ืจืŸ>

ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•:

ืขืœ ืดืขื“ ื”ื™ืจื— ื”ื–ื”ืด
ืขืœ ืดืขื•ืœืช-ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื“ืžื”ืด
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:

OpenLibrary โ€“ OL142646A Wikidata โ€“ Q12409083 NLI โ€“ 987007299711205171 LC โ€“ n87876029 VIAF โ€“ 35981656
ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 24 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2026

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