Umbikombani

Lesi sithombe sibonisa imibikombani engenayo ohlelweni lombikombani; abasebenzisi balo bangabona imibikombani emisha benze futhi nezenzo ezithile, njengokufunda, ukususa, ukulondoloza, noma ukuyiphendula le milayezo.

Umbikombani owaziwa ngesiNgisi ngokuthi i-email kuyindlela yokuthumelelana imilayezo phakathi kwabantu ngokusebenzisa iziklamo zamazuba ("electronic devices"). umbikombani wadalwa ngenhloso yokuthi ube uhlobo lwencwadi yeposi ethunyelwa manje ifike manje. Ekuhambeni kwesikhathi umbikombani wase uphenduka umdeko wokuxhumana nothumela imininingwane kanye nemilayezo. Manje, umbikombani uyisisekelo seningi lezinhlangano nemisebenzi emhlabeni, futhi uneqhaza elibalulekile kwezezifundo, ezokungcwebeleka, nezinye zezigaba zempilo nenhlalo yabantu eningini lamazwe omhlaba jikelele.

Uphawu oluthi "ku", noma "at" ngesiNgisi, okuyingxenye yawo wonke amakheli ombikombani we-SMTP (inqubo yokuthumiselana imibikombani)

Umbikombani uwumntungo, besekuthi umyalezo nomyalezo othunyelwa kuyona ubizwa ngokuthi umbikombani

umbikombani ugidinga kulo lonke uhleloxhumano lwesiCikizi, ikakhulukazi kuxhakaxholo, kanye nakumahleloxhumano endawo. Namuhla izinhlelo zombikombani zisekelwe kunongo lokuqoqonga ebese uyathumela. Iziphakeli zombikombani ziyamukela, zithumele, zifufuthe (deliver), futhi ziqoqonge imiyalezo. Abasebenzisi nezicikizi zabo akudingekile ukuba babekuxhakaxholo ngesikhathi esisodwa; badinga nje ukuxhuma, imvama kwisiphakeli sencwadi (mail) noma kwisixhakakazimo sencwadi yolwebu (webmail interface) ukuze bathumele noma bamukele imiyalezo noma bayithulule.

Ngokwendabuko kwakuyinsiza yokuxhumana ngesiqakaqo-sodwa se-ASCII, umbikombani woxhakaxholo wajijwa ngeziJiji zeNcwadi yoXhakaxholo eNhlosoningi (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) ukuze sithwale umbhalo wamanye amaqoqo ezimpawu kanye nezinamekwa zesiqikili sezinzisaningi. Umbikombani woMhlabawonke, osemthethweni kodwa ongamukelwanga ndawo zonke, wasabalalisa emazweni wonke amakheli wombikombani ngokusebenzisa i-UTF-8.

uMlando

Ukuthumela imiyalezo ngesicikizi okwenzeka phakathi kwabasebenzisi bohlelo olufanayo kwaba yinto eyenzeka emva kokufika kokucobelela-ngesikhathi ekuqaleni kweminyaka ye-1960, okwagqanyiswa lapho kugunundwa isimiso sokucobelelana ngesikhathi saseNyuvesi yobuChwepheshe yase-Massachusetts ngowe-1965. Iningi labathuthukisi bokuqala beziCikiznkulu neziCikizana bathuthukisa izinhlelo zemibikombani ezifanayo, kodwa ezihlengezelayo. Ngowe-1971 uhleloxhumano lonbikonbani lokuqala lwe-ARPANET lwathunyelwa, kanjalo lwangenisa uhlelo lwamazwi ekheli oseludumile olunophawu '@' olubonisa uhlelo lwekheli lolusebenzisayo. Emva kochungechunge lwama-RFCs, kwalungiswa imithetho yokuthumela imiyalezo yombikombani ngeGumelo lokuDlulisa uHele (FTP).

Izinhlelo zeNcwadi yamazuba zaqala ukuvela ngokushesha. Izinkampani i-IBM, CompuServe ne-Xerox zazisebenzisa izinhlelo zazo zencwazuba eminyakeni ye-1970; i-CompuServe yona yayidayisa ezinye zezinhlelo zayo kusuka ngowe-1978 neyalandelwa i-IBM ne-Xerox ngowe-1981.

IGumelo lokuDlulisa Umbikombani elilula (SMTP) lagunundwa ngowe-1983 yi-ARPANET. Izinhlelo zemibikomvani ze-LAN zavela maphakathi neminyaka ye-1980.