æè¿ã§ã¯äžçãšæ¿çãåçãªå€é©ãè¿ããŠãããããã§ãããã§ã¯ãã£ãããªã®ã§äººé¡ææãå ãžé²ãããã®ææ¡ãäžã€ããã«æ®ããŠãããŸããããã£ãããã®ãŸãŸããŠã³ããŒããŸãã¯ã³ããããŠAIã«æž¡ããŠè©äŸ¡ãèããªãããŠããããŠãã®çµæããèªèº«ã®è©äŸ¡ã«æ²¿ã£ãŠè¡åãèµ·ãããŠããã ããšç§ã¯å¬ããæããŸã
瀟äŒçåæåœ¢æã®ããã®ãé«è§£å床ãæç¥šã¢ãã«
æ°æãâæ±ºããâããâææ¡ããâãž â é äœç¹æ°åãšæ£èŠåã«ããææã®ãã¯ãã«è§£æ
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
çŸåšã®æç¥šå¶åºŠã¯ãæ å ±ããæšãŠãŠãã
çŸåšã®ç€ŸäŒã§åºãæ¡çšãããŠãããåäžéžææç¥šãã¯ãè€éãªæ°æãåçŽãªåæã«éçŽãããããã®ä»çµã¿ã§ãããã®å¶åºŠã¯æææ±ºå®ã®é床ãäžããäžæ¹ã§ãææš©è ãæã€å€æ§ãªæèŠã®å€§éšåãæ§é çã«åãæšãŠãŠããŸããçµæãšããŠã瀟äŒã®ææããæ±ºãããããã»ã¹ã§ãæ¬æ¥ææ¡ãã¹ãéèŠãªæ å ±ã倱ããã瀟äŒã®åæãå©é·ããäžå ãšãªã£ãŠããŸãããã®ããã»ã¹ã¯ãè€éãªæ°æãçŽ1ããããšããæ¥µããŠäœãå¿ å®åºŠã®ä¿¡å·ã«å§çž®ããè¡çºã«ä»ãªããŸããã
以äžã«ããã®å¶åºŠã®æ§é çãªç¹æ§ãšéçã瀺ããŸãã
åäžéžæ (Single Choice) ã®ç©ççæå³ è€éãªç€ŸäŒèª²é¡ã«å¯Ÿãã倿§ãªæèŠããç¡çãããAãBãããšããäºè æäžãããªãã¡0ã1ã®äºå€æ å ±ã«å§çž®ããŠããŸããããã«ãããæ°æã®æã€è±ããªã°ã©ããŒã·ã§ã³ã¯å€±ãããŸãã
ã1人1祚ãã®æ¬è³ª ãã®ååã¯ãææš©è éã®å¹³çæ§ãæ ä¿ããéèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæãããŸãããåæã«ææš©è ãæã€ææã®ãç±éãããè€æ°ã®éžæè¢ã«å¯Ÿãããè¿·ãããšãã£ã質çãªæ å ±ããã¹ãŠæšãŠå»ã£ãŠããŸããŸãã
決å®é床ãšè§£å床ã®é¢ä¿ 誰ãæãå€ãã®ç¥šãåŸããã¯è¿ éã«å€æããŸããããªããã®åè£ãéžã°ããã®ãããããã¯ä»ã®åè£ãã©ã®çšåºŠèš±å®¹ãããŠããã®ãããšãã£ã詳现ãªããŒã¿ïŒïŒè§£å床ïŒã¯æ®ããŸããããã®çµæã瀟äŒã¯åœéžãšèœéžã®å¢çç·ãšããäžæ¬ã®ç·ã ãã§åæããããããªããŸãã
ãã®èŽåœçãªæ å ±ã®æå€±ã¯ãéžæåŸã®ç€ŸäŒã«ãããçŽåŸæã倧ããæãªãå¯èœæ§ããããŸããæ¬¡ã«ããã®æ å ±æå€±ããäžè«èª¿æ»ã§å€çšããããæ¯æçããšããææšã«ãããŠãããã«ç€ŸäŒã®å§¿ãæªããŠèŠããŠããããåæããŸãã
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
æ¯æçãšããææšã®åœ¹å²ãšéç
åç¯ã§è«ããçŸè¡å¶åºŠã®ãæ å ±æå€±ãã¯ãäžè«èª¿æ»ãªã©ã§é »çšããããæ¯æçããšããææšã® deceptively simple ãªæ§è³ªã«éçŽãããŠããŸããæ¯æçã¯ç€ŸäŒã®ååãæž¬ãææšãšããŠåºãèªç¥ãããŠããŸããããã®åçŽãã®è£åŽã§ã瀟äŒã®ææãæ£ç¢ºã«æããäžã§æ¬è³ªçãªéçãæ±ããŠããŸãã
æ¯æçã®æ§è³ªãšæ§é çãªæ¬ é¥ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ãã
æ¯æç (Positive Vector) ã®å®çŸ© æ¯æçãšã¯ããç©æ¥µçã«ãã®äººã奜ãããšããããžãã£ããªææè¡šç€ºã®ç·åã§ãããã¥ãŒã¹ã§å€çšãããçç±ã¯ãåæäºæž¬ã«éœåãè¯ãåçŽãªææšã ããã§ãããããã¯äžæ¹åã®ãã¯ãã«ã®ã¿ã枬å®ãããã®ã§ãããè€éãªæ°æã®ããäžåŽé¢ããæããããŸããã
æ§é çãªæ¬ é¥ æå€§ã®åé¡ã¯ããæ¯æããŠãã人ãã®å£°ã ããå¯èŠåããããã以å€ã®åºå€§ãªé åãããªãã¡ãæ¯æããŠããªãã蚱容ã¯ããããã©ã¡ãã§ããªããã匷ãæåŠããããšãã£ã倿§ãªææãããã¹ãŠãç¡ (Invisible Area / Silence/Rejection)ããšããŠåŠçãããŠããŸãç¹ã«ãããŸãã
ç±ççæ¯æå±€ã®åœ±é¿ ãã®æ§é ã«ãããäžéšã®ç±ççãªæ¯æå±€ãæã€åè£ã¯ãããšã瀟äŒã®åºç¯ãªæ¯æãåŸãŠããªããŠããçµ±èšäžã¯éåžžã«åŒ·ãèŠããŠããŸããšãããã©ããã¯ã¹ãçããŸããããã¯ã瀟äŒå šäœã®çŽåŸæãšã¯å¿ ãããäžèŽããŸããã
æ¯æçãšããææšã ãã§ã¯ã瀟äŒã«ååšããå€ãã®ææãèŠããªããªã£ãŠããŸããŸããæ¬¡ã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ããã®ãèŠããŠããªãææããå ·äœçã«ã©ã®ãããªãã®ãªã®ããæãäžããŠãããŸãã
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
èŠããŠããªãææã®ååš
åäžéžææç¥šãæ¯æç調æ»ã§ã¯ãææš©è ãæç¥šçšçŽã«æããäžç¥šã®èåŸã«ãããè€éãªæèãææ ãæããããšã¯ã§ããŸããããããã®ã祚ã«èŸŒããããªãã£ããã€ãºãããããéžæåŸã®ç€ŸäŒã®çŽåŸæãå·Šå³ããéèŠãªèŠçŽ ã§ããçŸè¡å¶åºŠã¯ããããã®è²Žéãªæ å ±ãæå³ããåãæšãŠãŠããŸã£ãŠããŸãã
æç¥šè¡åã®è£ã«é ãããããã€ãºãã®å ·äœäŸã以äžã«æããŸãã
蚱容 (Acceptance) ãAåè£ã«æç¥šããããå®ã¯Båè£ãæªããªããšæã£ãŠããããšãããäºçªæä»¥éã®éžæè¢ã«å¯Ÿããè¯å®çãªè©äŸ¡ã§ããããã¯ã瀟äŒçãªåæåœ¢æã®å¯èœæ§ã瀺åããéèŠãªæ å ±ã§ãã
äœç±é (Hesitation) ãAåè£ã«æç¥šããããããã¯æ¶å»æ³ã«ãããã®ã§ãããç©æ¥µçã«æ¯æããŠããããã§ã¯ãªãããšããã±ãŒã¹ã§ããããã¯ãæ¯æã®åºŠåããäœãããšã瀺ããŠãããåçŽãªã1祚ããšããŠæ±ãã«ã¯æ å ±ãäžè¶³ããŠããŸãã
æåŠ (Rejection) ã誰ãåœéžããŠãæ§ããªãããCåè£ã ãã¯çµ¶å¯Ÿã«å«ã ããšãããç¹å®ã®éžæè¢ã«å¯Ÿãã匷ãæåŠæã§ããããããŸãã瀟äŒã®ææã圢æããäžã§ç¡èŠã§ããªãéèŠãªãã¯ãã«ã§ãã
æ å ±ã®æ¬ èœ çŸè¡å¶åºŠã§ã¯ããããã蚱容ããäœç±éããæåŠããšãã£ã倿§ãªææãããã¹ãŠåã䟡å€ãæã€ã1祚ããšããŠã«ãŠã³ããããŠããŸããŸãããã®çµæã瀟äŒã®çŽåŸæã枬ãããã®éèŠãªããŒã¿ã倱ãããŠããã®ã§ãã
ãããã®é ãããææã®äžã§ããç¹ã«ãæåŠããšããææ ãæž¬å®ããããšã¯ã瀟äŒã®åæãäºæž¬ããäžã§æ¥µããŠæå¹ã§ããæ¬¡ã¯ããã®æåŠã®ãã¯ãã«ãå¯èŠåãããäžæ¯æçããšããææšã«ã€ããŠè§£èª¬ããŸãã
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
äžæ¯æçãšããè£å©çææš
ãæ¯æçããšããäžæ¹åã®ææšã ãã§ã¯ã瀟äŒã®ææãå¹³é¢çãªãã®ãšããŠããæããããŸãããããç«äœçã«æ°æãææ¡ããããã«ã¯ããäžæ¯æçããšããå察æ¹åã®ãã¯ãã«ãè£å©çãªææšãšããŠå°å ¥ããããšãæŠç¥çã«éèŠãšãªããŸããããã«ããã瀟äŒã«æœã察ç«ã®æ§å³ãåæã®ãªã¹ã¯ãäºåã«å¯ç¥ããããšãå¯èœã«ãªããŸãã
äžæ¯æç (Rejection Rate) ã®å®çŸ©ãšããããå¯èŠåããæå³ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ãã
äžæ¯æçã®å®çŸ© äžæ¯æçãšã¯ãããã®åè£è ã«ã¯éžã°ããŠã»ãããªãããšããã匷ãæåŠã®ãã¯ãã«ã®ç·åã§ããããã¯ææš©è ã®ãã¬ãã£ããªææè¡šç€ºãå®éåãããã®ã§ãã
人éã®å¿ççæ§è³ª äžè¬çã«ã人éã¯ã奜ããªãã®ããæããæãããããå«ããªãã®ããæããæã®æ¹ããããæ£çŽã§éæãªåå¿ã瀺ãåŸåããããŸããäžæ¯æçã¯ããã®å¿ççæ§è³ªãå©çšããŠãããçŽæ¥çãªæ°æã枬å®ããææ®µãšãªãåŸãŸãã
å¯èŠåã®æå³ ããåè£è ãé«ãæ¯æçãèªã£ãŠããŠãããã®è£ã§åçã«é«ãäžæ¯æçãé ããŠããå ŽåããããŸãããã®ãããªåè£è ãæ¿çã«é¢ããæ±ºå®ã¯ã瀟äŒã«åŒ·ãæ©æŠãããªãã¡ãåæããçã¿åºãå¯èœæ§ã極ããŠé«ãããšã瀺åããŸããäŸãã°ãCandidate AïŒæ¯æç45%, äžæ¯æç-40%ïŒã¯æ©æŠã»åæåãCandidate BïŒæ¯æç30%, äžæ¯æç-10%ïŒã¯å®å®ã»åæåãšè©äŸ¡ã§ããŸãã
æ¯æãšäžæ¯æãšããäºã€ã®è»žãçµã¿åãããããšã§ãç§ãã¡ã¯åè£è ãæ¿çã瀟äŒã®äžã§ã©ã®ãããªç«ã¡äœçœ®ã«ããã®ãããããæ·±ãçè§£ããããšãã§ããŸããæ¬¡ã®ã¹ã©ã€ãã§ã¯ããã®äºè»žåæãããããæŽå¯ãå³è§£ããŸãã
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
æ¯æ Ã äžæ¯æã®äºè»žã§èŠã瀟äŒ
æ¯æçã瞊軞ãäžæ¯æçãæšªè»žã«èšå®ããäºè»žã®ãããªã¯ã¹ãçšããããšã§ãåãªã人æ°åºŠèª¿æ»ãè¶ ãããåè£è ãæ¿çã®ç€ŸäŒçãªããžã·ã§ãã³ã°ãé¡ååããããšãå¯èœã«ãªããŸãããã®åæãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ã誰ãåã€ããšããäºæž¬ã ãã§ãªãããã®æ±ºå®ã瀟äŒã«ã©ã®çšåºŠã®ãæ©æŠããçãããäºæž¬ããããã®åŒ·åãªããŒã«ãšãªããŸãã
ïŒå³è§£æ³å®ïŒ
å象éã瀺ãé¡åã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ãã
çæ³çãªãŒããŒå (Ideal / 髿¯æã»äœäžæ¯æ) åºãæ¯æãéãããã€åŒ·ãåçºãå°ãªãã¿ã€ãã§ãã瀟äŒçãªåæåœ¢æãæãã¹ã ãŒãºã«é²ããããšãã§ããçæ³çãªããžã·ã§ã³ã«äœçœ®ããŸãã
ã«ãªã¹ãã»åæå (Polarizing / 髿¯æã»é«äžæ¯æ) ç±ççãªæ¯æè ãããäžæ¹ã§ãåçã«åŒ·ãå察è ãæ±ããŠããããã®ååšèªäœã瀟äŒã®åæãæããããã¿ã€ãã§ããæææ±ºå®ã¯å¯èœã§ãããåžžã«åŒ·ãæ©æŠã䌎ããŸãã
調æŽã»å®åå (Quiet Consensus / äœæ¯æã»äœäžæ¯æ) 掟æããç±ççãªæ¯æã¯ãªããã®ã®ã誰ããã匷ãå察ãããããšããªãã¿ã€ãã§ããç®ç«ããªããªããããéããªåæã圢æããŠããå®åçãªèœåãæåŸ ãããŸãã
äžé©æ Œå (Unsuitable / äœæ¯æã»é«äžæ¯æ) æ¯æãå°ãªããåæã«å€ãã®äººã ãã匷ãåçºãåããŠããã¿ã€ãã§ãããã®ããžã·ã§ã³ã«ããåè£è ãæ¿çã¯ã瀟äŒçã«åãå ¥ããããŠããªããšå€æã§ããŸãã
ãã®äºè»žåæã¯ã瀟äŒã®ãæ©æŠä¿æ°ããå¯èŠåããäžã§éåžžã«æå¹ã§ããã§ã¯ãã©ãããã°ãã®åæãäžæçãªäžè«èª¿æ»ã§ã¯ãªããæç¥šå¶åºŠãã®ãã®ã«çµã¿èŸŒãããšãã§ããã®ã§ããããããã®çãããæ¬¡ã«ç޹ä»ãããé äœã»ç¹æ°åæç¥šãã§ãã
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
é äœã»ç¹æ°åæç¥šãšã¯äœã
ãããŸã§èŠãŠããåäžéžææç¥šãæ¯æç調æ»ã®éçãä¹ãè¶ããããã®å ·äœçãªæ¹æ³ãããé äœã»ç¹æ°åæç¥šãã§ãããã®ã¢ãã«ã¯ãææš©è ã«äžäººã®åè£è ã ããéžã°ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããè€æ°ã®åè£è ã«å¯Ÿããè©äŸ¡ã衚æãããããšã§ãæ°æã®è§£å床ãé£èºçã«é«ããããšãç®æããŸããããã¯ãææãäžã€ã®ãç¹ããšããŠã§ã¯ãªããè€æ°ã®éžæè¢ãšã®é¢ä¿æ§ã®äžã§æãçŽããšããæ ¹æ¬çãªçºæ³ã®è»¢æã§ãã
ãã®æç¥šæ¹åŒã®åºæ¬çãªä»çµã¿ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ãã
è€æ°åè£ã®æ¯èŒ (Ranking/Scoring) ææš©è ã¯ã1人ã ãéžã¶ãã®ã§ã¯ãªããã1äœã¯Aåè£ã2äœã¯Båè£ã3äœã¯Cåè£âŠããšããããã«ã奜ãŸãããšæãåè£è ã«é äœãã€ããŸãã
1äœä»¥å€ã®ææã®æŽ»çš ãã®æ¹åŒã®æå€§ã®ç¹åŸŽã¯ã1äœã«éžãã åè£ä»¥å€ãžã®è©äŸ¡ãéèšã«åæ ãããç¹ã«ãããŸããããšã1äœã®åè£ãåœéžããªããŠãã2äœä»¥äžã®è©äŸ¡ãç¡é§ã«ãªãããšããªãããããæ»ã«ç¥šããå€§å¹ ã«æžå°ããããå€ãã®ææš©è ã®ææãçµæã«åæ ãããŸãã
ãã¯ãã«ã®åæ åã ã®ææš©è ã®ææããåãªãå€ç«ãããç¹ïŒãããïŒããšããŠã§ã¯ãªãããåããšå€§ãããæã£ããã¯ãã«ããšããŠæãããããã瀟äŒå šäœã§åæããŸãã1äœä»¥å€ã®è©äŸ¡ãç©ã¿éãªãããšã§ã察ç«ããåè£è éã®ãå容ç¹ããããªãã¡ç€ŸäŒã劥åã§ããçå°ç¹ãèŠããŠããã®ã§ãã
ãã®æ¹åŒãããªãåäžéžææç¥šãããå€ãã®æ å ±ãéããããšãã§ããã®ãããã®è«ççãªçç±ã次ã§è©³ãã解説ããŸãã
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ãæ¯èŒããéãã¯æ å ±éã§ãã
é äœã»ç¹æ°åæç¥šããªãæ°æã®è§£å床ãé«ããããšãã§ããã®ãããã®çç±ã¯ãæ¯èŒããããšããè¡çºãã®ãã®ããæ°åŠçã»æ å ±çè«çã«èŠãŠéåžžã«å€ãã®æ å ±ãå«ãã§ããããã§ããåäžã®éžæè¢ãéžã¶è¡çºãšãè€æ°ã®éžæè¢ãé äœä»ãããè¡çºãšã§ã¯ãåŸãããæ å ±ã®å¯åºŠã«æ¬è³ªçãªå·®ãååšããŸãã
éžæã«ãããæ å ±å¯åºŠã®å·®ã¯ã以äžã®ããã«èª¬æã§ããŸãã
åäžéžæ (Single Vote) ã®æ å ±é åè£è ã®äžãã1人ã ããéžã¶è¡çºã¯ãéžãã åè£è ãšä»ã®åè£è ãšã®é¢ä¿æ§ãäžåèšè¿°ããŸãããäŸãã°ãAãéžã¶ããšããæç¥šã¯ãBãCã«å¯Ÿããè©äŸ¡ãäœãèªããªããããæ å ±éãæ¥µããŠå°ãªããªããŸãã
é äœä»ã (Ranked Vote) ã®æ å ±é äžæ¹ã3人ã®åè£è ããA > B > Cããšé äœä»ãããè¡çºã¯ããã®å éšã«ãAã¯Bãã奜ãŸããããBã¯Cãã奜ãŸããããAã¯Cãã奜ãŸããããšããè€æ°ã®æ¯èŒæ å ±ãå å ããŠããŸãããã®ããã«ãæ¯èŒã®æ°ãå€ãã»ã©ãããã«å«ãŸããæ å ±éãå¢å€§ããŸãã
é«è§£å床ã®ã»ã³ãµãŒ å€ãã®åè£è ãæ¯èŒã»è©äŸ¡ãã祚ã¯ã瀟äŒã®æ°æãšããè€éãªãå°åœ¢ïŒå¹åžïŒãããããæ£ç¢ºã«æž¬å®ããããã®é«è§£å床ãªã»ã³ãµãŒãšããŠæ©èœããŸããæ¯èŒãå€ãã»ã©ãããããžãŒïŒäœçžïŒã®æ å ±ãå€ããªãã®ã§ãã
ãããããã®åªããæç¥šæ¹åŒã«ã課é¡ã¯ãããŸããããææš©è ãå šãŠã®åè£è ãé äœä»ããããäžéšã®åè£è ããèšå ¥ããªãã£ãå ŽåïŒïŒéšåèšå ¥ïŒãæ°ããªåé¡ãçºçããŸããæ¬¡ã¯ããã®ãéšåèšå ¥ããåŒãèµ·ããåé¡ã«ã€ããŠè©³è¿°ããŸãã
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
éšåèšå ¥ïŒkïŒãçãåé¡
é äœã»ç¹æ°åæç¥šãå°å ¥ããäžã§ãé¿ããŠéããªãã®ããéšåèšå ¥ãã®åé¡ã§ããææš©è ãäžéšã®åè£è ããè©äŸ¡ããªãã£ãå ŽåããããæŠç¥çãªæç¥šè¡åã«ãããã®ã§ããã°ãå¶åºŠå šäœã®å ¬å¹³æ§ãæãªãå±éºæ§ããããŸããããã¯ãäžéšã®ãã€ãžãŒãªæèŠããææ ®æ·±ãæèŠãå§åããŠããŸããšãããæ·±å»ãªãžã¬ã³ããåŒãèµ·ãããŸãã
éšåèšå ¥ãåŒãèµ·ããäž»ãªåé¡ç¹ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ãã
æŠç¥çæç¥šã®ãžã¬ã³ã å€ãã®åè£è ãæ¯èŒæ€èšããŠç¹æ°ãé åããããããèªåã®ãæšããã®åè£è 1人ã«ã ãæºç¹ãäžããä»ã®åè£è ããã¹ãŠ0ç¹ïŒç¡èšå ¥ïŒã«ããæ¹ãããã®åè£è ãåãããäžã§ã¯æå©ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãããšããæ§é çãªåé¡ã§ãã
äœè§£å床ã®ç¥šã®æ¯é (Noise vs Signal) ãã®æŠç¥çæç¥šãæŸçœ®ãããšãçµç¹ç¥šãäžéšã®ç±ççãªæ¯æå±€ã«ããã1人ããèŠããŠããªã祚ãïŒäœè§£å床ã»é«æ¯å¹ / Low Resolution / High AmplitudeïŒãããå šäœãæ¯èŒæ€èšããææ ®æ·±ã祚ãïŒé«è§£å床ã»äžæ¯å¹ / High Resolution / Moderate AmplitudeïŒãé§éããŠããŸãå±éºæ§ãçããŸãã
äžéå±€ã®æèŠã®æ¶æ» çµæãšããŠããã€ãºïŒæŠç¥çã«æããããäœè§£å床ã®ç¥šïŒãã·ã°ãã«ïŒæ£çŽã«è©äŸ¡ãããé«è§£å床ã®ç¥šïŒãããæ¶ããŠããŸãã瀟äŒã®å€æ°ãå ããã¯ãã®äžéå±€ã®ç©åœãªæèŠããéèšçµæããèŠããªããªã£ãŠããŸããªã¹ã¯ããããŸãã
ãã®åé¡ã解決ããããã«ã¯ãåã«ç¹æ°ãéèšããã ãã§ãªããç¥šã®æã€ãæ å ±éããè©äŸ¡ããããã«å¿ããŠåœ±é¿åã調æŽããçµ±èšçãªã¢ãããŒããå¿ èŠã§ããæ¬¡ã¯ããã®ããã®è§£æ±ºçã§ãããèšå ¥æ°æ£èŠåããšããèãæ¹ãå°å ¥ããŸãã
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
èšå ¥æ°æ£èŠåãšããèãæ¹
éšåèšå ¥ãåŒãèµ·ããæŠç¥çæç¥šã®ãžã¬ã³ãã解決ãããããçµ±èšçãªè£æ£ã¢ãããŒããšããŠãèšå ¥æ°æ£èŠåããšããèãæ¹ãå°å ¥ããŸããããã¯ãç¹å®ã®æç¥šè¡åã«ããã«ãã£ãäžãããã®ã§ã¯æ±ºããŠãããŸãããããããããããã®ç¥šãæã€ãæ å ±éïŒè§£å床ïŒããå ¬æ£ã«è©äŸ¡ãããã®è³ªã«å¿ããŠéèšäžã®éã¿ã調æŽããããã®ãçµ±èšçã«èªç¶ãªãè£æ£ãåŠçã§ãã
ãã®èãæ¹ã®æ žå¿ã¯ã以äžã®ç¹ã«ãããŸãã
æ å ±éã«å¿ããéã¿èª¿æŽ (Normalization) å€ãã®åè£è ãæ¯èŒã»è©äŸ¡ãããæ å ±éã®å€ã祚ã®éã¿ãçžå¯Ÿçã«ä¿ã¡ãäžæ¹ã§ã1人ããæžããªãã£ããæ å ±éã®å°ãªã祚ã®åœ±é¿åãé倧ã«ãªããªããããçµ±èšçã«èª¿æŽãããšããçºæ³ã§ãã
眰ã§ã¯ãªããè£æ£ã ããã¯ã1人ããèšå ¥ããªãã£ãææš©è ãžã®çœ°ã§ã¯ãããŸãããããã¯ãäœè§£å床ã®ç»åïŒæ å ±éã®å°ãªã祚ïŒã®ãã¯ã»ã«ããå šäœã®é®®æãªç»åïŒæ£ç¢ºãªæ°æïŒãæªããªãããã«éã¿ã調æŽãããæšæºçãªç»ååŠçã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã«é¡äŒŒãããçµ±èšçãªè£æ£åŠçã§ãã
çµ±èšçãªèªç¶ã çµ±èšç芳ç¹ããèšãã°ãããŒã¿ã®å質ãè§£å床ã«åºã¥ããŠéã¿ä»ããè¡ãããšã¯ãäœå質ãªå ¥åãæçµçãªåæã®å®å šæ§ãæãªãã®ãé²ãããã®ãæšæºçãã€å¿ èŠãªæé ã§ããæã ã¯ãã®ç¢ºç«ãããååããæç¥šãšããé åã«å¿çšããã«éããŸããã
ã§ã¯ããã®èšå ¥æ°æ£èŠåãšããæŠå¿µã¯ãå®éã®æç¥šã«ãããŠã©ã®ããã«æ©èœããã®ã§ãããããæ¬¡ã¯ãå ·äœçãªäŸãçšããŠãã®å¹æã解説ããŸãã
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
èšå ¥æ°æ£èŠåã®å ·äœäŸïŒåè£3人ã®å ŽåïŒ
èšå ¥æ°æ£èŠåãå®éã«ã©ã®ããã«äœçšããæç¥šçµæã®å ¬å¹³æ§ãä¿ã€ã®ãããåè£è ã3人ã®ã·ã³ãã«ãªã±ãŒã¹ãäŸã«è§£èª¬ããŸããå€ãã®åè£ãè©äŸ¡ãã祚ãšãäžäººã ããè©äŸ¡ãã祚ããã©ã®ããã«ãã©ã³ã¹ãããããèŠãããšã§ããã®ä»çµã¿ã®å¹æãçŽæçã«çè§£ããããšãã§ããŸãã
å¯Ÿç §çãª2ã€ã®ã±ãŒã¹ã以äžã«ç€ºããŸãã
ã±ãŒã¹A (1人ã ãèšå ¥, k=1) 1äœã«æåããåè£è ãžã®é ç¹ã¯é«ããªããŸãããèšå ¥æ°ãå°ãªããããç¥šå šäœãæã€åœ±é¿åä¿æ°ïŒWeightïŒã¯äœãæããããŸããããã¯ã匷ãããçãæèŠããšããŠæ±ãããŸãã
ã±ãŒã¹B (3äººå šå¡ãé äœä»ã, k=3) 1äœã®åè£è ãžã®ç¹æ°ã¯åæ£ãããŸãããå€ãã®åè£è ãè©äŸ¡ããŠãããããç¥šå šäœã®åœ±é¿åä¿æ°ã¯é«ãä¿ãããŸããããã¯ãåºãæ¯èŒããããé«è§£ååºŠã®æèŠããšããŠæ±ãããŸãã
çµæã®å ¬å¹³æ§ ãã®ä»çµã¿ã«ããããæšãã®åè£è 以å€ã¯æžããªãããšããæŠç¥çè¡åã®ã¡ãªãããèããŸãããªããªãã1人ã«éäžãããŠãç¥šå šäœã®åœ±é¿åãäžããããããããæ£çŽã«è€æ°ã®åè£è ãé äœä»ãããããšããèªåã®ææãæå€§éã«åæ ãããäžã§åççãªéžæïŒããã·ã¥åè¡¡ïŒãšãªãããã§ããk=1ã®ãçãã祚ãšãk=3ã®ãåºãé«è§£å床ãªã祚ãã倩秀ã®äžã§ãã©ã³ã¹ãããã€ã¡ãŒãžã§ãã
é äœã«å¿ããé ç¹ãšããã®èšå ¥æ°ã«å¿ããéã¿ä»ãããã©ã®ããã«çµã¿åããã£ãŠæçµçãªåŸç¹ãšãªãã®ãããã®ããã»ã¹å šäœã次ã§å³è§£ããŸãã
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
é äœé ç¹ãšéã¿ä»ãã®åæããã»ã¹
ææš©è ãæããé äœä»ãããæçµçãªéèšçµæã«ã©ã®ããã«åæ ãããã®ãããã®å šããã»ã¹ã4ã€ã®ã¹ãããã«åè§£ããŠè§£èª¬ããŸãããã®ããã»ã¹ã¯ãåãªã祚ã®è¶³ãç®ã§ã¯ãªããåç¥šã®æã€æ å ±éãå å³ãããããæŽç·Žãããçµ±åããã»ã¹ã§ãã
ïŒå³è§£æ³å®ïŒ
åã¹ãããã®åœ¹å²ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ãã
ã¹ããã1 (Input/æç¥š) ææš©è ã¯ãååè£è ã奜ãŸããé ã«é äœä»ãããŠæç¥šããŸãããã®ãšããäœäººã®åè£è ã«é äœãä»ããããšãããèšå ¥æ°ïŒkïŒãããç¥šã®æ å ±éãæž¬ãææšãšããŠèšé²ãããŸãã
ã¹ããã2 (Scoring/é ç¹å€æ) æç¥šçšçŽã«èšå ¥ãããé äœïŒ1äœã2äœâŠïŒãããããããå®ããããã«ãŒã«ã«åºã¥ããç¹æ°ïŒRaw PointsïŒã«å€æããŸãã
ã¹ããã3 (Normalization/æ£èŠå) ã¹ããã1ã§èšé²ãããèšå ¥æ°ïŒkïŒã«å¿ããŠãéã¿ä¿æ°ïŒW(k)ïŒãç®åºããŸãããã®ä¿æ°ãã¹ããã2ã§åŸãããç¹æ°ã«ä¹ããããšã§ãæ å ±éã§è£æ£ããã調æŽåŸã®ç¹æ°ïŒAdjusted PointsïŒãç®åºããŸãã
ã¹ããã4 (Integration/åç®) å šãŠã®æç¥šè ããéãŸã£ã調æŽåŸã®ç¹æ°ããåè£è ããšã«åç®ããŸãããã®ç·åããååè£è ã®æçµçãªç·åŸç¹ïŒFinal ScoreïŒãšãªããŸãã
ãã®ããã»ã¹ã®æ¬è³ªã¯ãã声ã®å€§ãããã§ã¯ãªãã声ã®ç¢ºããïŒæ å ±å¯åºŠïŒãã§éèšããããšã«ãããŸãããã®ä»çµã¿ãå°å ¥ãããããšã§ã瀟äŒã«ã©ã®ãããªå€åãèµ·ããã®ããæ¬¡ããå ·äœçã«èŠãŠãããŸãã
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ãã®ä»çµã¿ã§èµ·ããå€åïŒææš©è ïŒ
ãã®é«è§£å床æç¥šã¢ãã«ãå°å ¥ããããšãææš©è ã®æç¥šè¡åãå¿çã«ããžãã£ããªå€åãããããããããšãæåŸ ãããŸããèªåã®ææãããæ£ç¢ºã«åæ ããããšæããããããšã§ãæ¿æ²»åå ãžã®ææ¬²ãé«ãŸããæç¥šã®è³ªãã®ãã®ãåäžããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
ææš©è ã«ããããããäž»ãªå€åã¯ã以äžã®3ç¹ã§ãã
ãæ»ã«ç¥šãã®æžå° æãæ¯æããåè£è ãåœéžããªãã£ããšããŠãã2äœã3äœã«ã€ããè©äŸ¡ãéèšçµæã«åæ ããããããèªåã®æç¥šãç¡é§ã«ãªã£ããšæãã«ãããªããŸããããã«ãããæç¥šã«è¡ãæçŸ©ãèŠåºãããããªããæç¥šçã®åäžã«ãç¹ããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
å¿ççè² æ ã®è»œæž ãã©ããåœéžããªãããããšè«ŠããŠãåœéžããããªåè£è ã«æŠç¥çã«æç¥šããå¿ èŠããªããªããŸããææš©è ã¯ãæ¬åœã«è¯ããšæã人ããå®å¿ããŠ1äœã«æžãããšãã§ããŸããããã«ã2äœã«ãç¡é£ãªäººããæžãããšã§ãªã¹ã¯ãããžãã§ãããããããæ£çŽãªææè¡šæããããããªããŸãã
ææè¡šç€ºã®å€æ§å ãæ¶æ¥µçãªè³æãããåºç¯ãªèš±å®¹ããšãã£ããåŸæ¥ã®æç¥šã§ã¯åãæšãŠãããŠããç¹çްãªãã¥ã¢ã³ã¹ããé äœä»ããéããŠæ°å€ãšããŠçµæã«æ®ãããã«ãªããŸããããã«ãããææš©è ã¯ãã倿§ãªåœ¢ã§èªåã®ææã衚çŸããããšãã§ããŸãã
ææš©è ã®è¡åãå€ããã°ãåœç¶ãªããåè£è åŽã®æŠç¥ãå€åãè¿«ãããŸããæ¬¡ã¯ãåè£è ã«ãããããã圱é¿ã«ã€ããŠåæããŸãã
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ãã®ä»çµã¿ã§èµ·ããå€åïŒåè£è ïŒ
ææš©è ã®è©äŸ¡è»žããæ¯æãã ãã§ãªãã蚱容ãããä¿¡é Œãã«ãŸã§å€æ§åããããšã§ãåè£è ã®éžææŠç¥ãææš©è ãšã®ã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ããæ ¹æ¬çãªå€åãè¿«ãããŸããåŸæ¥ã®å¯Ÿç«ãç œãã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãããããåºç¯ãªåæåœ¢æãç®æãã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãžã®è»¢æãæ±ããããããã«ãªããŸãã
æ§æ¥ã®ã¹ã¿ã€ã« (Old Style) ãšæ°ããã¹ã¿ã€ã« (New Style) ã®å€åã¯ã以äžã®éãã§ãã
察ç«ãã察話㞠ç¹å®ã®æ¯æå±€ãåºããã ãã§ãªããèªåãæ¯æããªããæµã®æ¯æè ããããã2äœæåãããããããšããåœéžãžã®éèŠãªéµãšãªããŸãããã®ãããä»åè£ãžã®éæ¿ãªæ»æããã¬ãã£ããã£ã³ããŒã³ã¯ãåºç¯ãªå±€ããã®è©äŸ¡ã倱ããªã¹ã¯ãé«ããé广ã«ãªãããããªããŸãã
æåŠããã«ãã (Low Rejection) ã®äŸ¡å€ ç±ççãªãã¡ã³ãäœãããšãšåããããããå€ãã®äººããå«ãããªãããä¿¡é Œã§ããããšããè³è³ªãéèŠã«ãªããŸããäœãäžæ¯æçã¯ãå€ãã®ææš©è ãã2äœä»¥äžã®è©äŸ¡ãå®å®çã«èç©ããããšã«ç¹ãããæçµçãªåå©ã«çµã³ã€ããŸãã
ç¶ç¶çãªå§¿å¢ã®è©äŸ¡ äžçºé転ãçã£ã掟æãªããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ããããæ¥ã ã®å°éãªæŽ»åãéããŠç©ã¿äžããŠãããåºç¯ãªä¿¡é Œãããé äœä»ããšãã圢ã§å¯èŠåãããæ£åœã«è©äŸ¡ããããããªããŸãã
ãã®ãããªåè£è ã®è¡åå€å®¹ã¯ãåã«éžæã®ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãå€ããã ãã§ãªããæçµçã«ç€ŸäŒã«ãšã£ãŠãæ¬åœã«å¿ èŠãšããã人ããéžã³åºãããšã«ç¹ãã£ãŠãããŸãããã®ã¡ã«ããºã ããæ¬¡ã§ããããè§£ãæãããŸãã
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ãå¿ èŠãšããã人ããæ®ãããããªãçç±
ãã®æç¥šã¢ãã«ã¯ããªãæ¥µç«¯ãªæèŠãæã€ãªãŒããŒã§ã¯ãªãã瀟äŒå šäœã®èª¿åãšåæåœ¢æãæ ãã人ç©ïŒåæåœ¢æåãªãŒã㌠/ Consensus CandidateïŒãæµ®äžãããããããã®ã§ããããããã®çç±ã¯ããã®å¶åºŠããåŒ·ãæ¯æãã ãã§ãªããåºã蚱容ããè©äŸ¡ããæ§é ã«ãªã£ãŠããããã§ããäžéšã®ç±çã§ã¯ãªããå šäœã®çŽåŸæãæå€§åãããªãŒããŒãéžã°ããããã¡ã«ããºã ãçµã¿èŸŒãŸããŠããŸãã
ãã®æ§é çãªçç±ã¯ã以äžã®éãã§ãã
åŒ·ãæ¯æããåºã蚱容 (Broad Acceptance) 瀟äŒå šäœã®å¹žçŠåºŠãæå€§åããã®ã¯ãäžéšã®å±€ããç±ççã«æ¯æããããªãŒããŒã§ã¯ãªããã誰ããããããçŽåŸã§ãããªãŒããŒãã§ããããšããèŠç¹ãéèŠã§ãããã®æç¥šã¢ãã«ã¯ãåŸè ã®ãããªåè£è ãæã€ãåºç¯ãªèš±å®¹ããã2äœä»¥äžã®è©äŸ¡ãéããŠå®éçã«è©äŸ¡ããä»çµã¿ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã
2äœè©äŸ¡ã®èç©ã®æå³ äž¡æ¥µç«¯ã®æèŠãæã€å±€ïŒExtremes / å20%ïŒããã®åŒ·ãæ¯æã¯å°ãªããŠãããã®éã«ååšããåºç¯ãªãµã€ã¬ã³ãããžã§ãªãã£ïŒSilent Majority / 60%ïŒããã2äœã3äœã®è©äŸ¡ïŒ2nd/3rd Choice Votes / Secondary VectorsïŒãçå®ã«ç©ã¿éããããšã§ãæçµçã«åå©ããããšãå¯èœã«ãªããŸãã
éããªåè£ã®æµ®äž 声é«ãªå¯Ÿç«ã®é°ã§ããããŸã§ç®ç«ã€ããšã®ãªãã£ã調æŽåœ¹ãå®åå®¶ã¿ã€ãã®äººç©ãããã®èª å®ãªå§¿å¢ãåºç¯ãªä¿¡é ŒãããŒã¿ãšããŠå¯èŠåãããæ£åœã«è©äŸ¡ãããæ©äŒãå¢ããŸãã
ãã®ä»çµã¿ã¯ãåã ã®åè£è ãè©äŸ¡ããã ãã§ãªããéžæãšããæ©äŒãéããŠç€ŸäŒå šäœã®ã声ããã®ãã®ãå¯èŠåããæ©èœãæã£ãŠããŸããæ¬¡ã¯ããã®åŽé¢ã«ã€ããŠè§£èª¬ããŸãã
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
瀟äŒã®å£°ãŸã§åæ ãããçç±
ãã®é«è§£å床æç¥šã¢ãã«ã«ãã£ãŠéèšãããããŒã¿ã¯ãåãªãéžæã®åœèœçµæã«ãšã©ãŸããŸãããããã¯ã瀟äŒå šäœã®å¥å šæ§ãæ°æã®å°ççã»ææ³çãªååžããããŠäººã ã®æ¿æ²»ã«å¯Ÿããé¢å¿åºŠãŸã§ãæ ãåºããé«ç²ŸåºŠã®ã瀟äŒã®ã»ã³ãµãŒããšããŠæ©èœããŸãã
ãã®ã¢ãã«ãå¯èŠåãã瀟äŒã®ç¶æ ã«ã¯ã以äžã®ãããªãã®ããããŸãã
ç¡é¢å¿ã»ç²åŽã®å¯èŠå ã誰ãéžã¹ãªãããšããææè¡šç€ºã§ããçœç¥šãããéäžãŸã§ããé äœãä»ããªãããšãã£ãæç¥šè¡åãã®ãã®ããéèŠãªããŒã¿ãšãªããŸãããããã®è¡åãç¹å®ã®å°åãå±€ã§å€çºããã°ãããã¯ç€ŸäŒã®æ¿æ²»çç²åŒåºŠããåè£è ã«å¯Ÿããé åäžè¶³ãšãã£ãåé¡ã瀺åãããApathy ZonesïŒç¡é¢å¿ã»ç²åŽãŸãŒã³ïŒããšããŠãããã³ã°ã§ããŸãã
瀟äŒå šäœã®ç¶æ ææ¡ (Sensing) éžæçµæã¯ãã誰ãåã£ããããšããäžç¹ã®æ å ±ã ãã§ãªããã瀟äŒå šäœãšããŠãäœã蚱容ããäœã匷ãæçµ¶ããäœã«è¿·ã£ãŠãããããšããã粟緻ãªããŒãããããšããŠåŸãããŸããäŸãã°ãç¹å®ã®åè£è ã«å¯ŸããæåŠãéäžãããRejection Hotspotsããç¹å®ããããšãå¯èœã§ãã
å Žã®èª¿æŽ ãã®ãããªè©³çްãªããŒã¿ãããã°ãçºæ¿è ã¯éžæãåãªããåã¡è² ããã®ã²ãŒã ãšããŠã§ã¯ãªããããŒã¿ã«åºã¥ããŠã瀟äŒã®æªã¿ã調æŽãããããã®æ©äŒãšããŠæãçŽãããšãã§ããŸãã
ãã®ããã«å€ãã®åªããç¹æ§ãæã€å¶åºŠã§ãããäžåºŠå°å ¥ããã°ããã«çæ³çãªç€ŸäŒãå®çŸããããã§ã¯ãããŸãããæ¬¡ã¯ããªããã®å¶åºŠã®å®çã«ãæéããå¿ èŠãªã®ãããã®çç±ã説æããŸãã
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ãªãäžåç®ã§ã¯å®æããªãã®ã
ããã«åªããå¶åºŠã§ãã£ãŠãããã®å°å ¥å¹æãå³åº§ã«æå€§éçºæ®ãããããã§ã¯ãããŸãããæ°ããæç¥šã¢ãã«ã¯ãåãªãéèšããŒã«ã§ã¯ãªãã人ã ã®è¡åãå€å®¹ããããç°å¢ããšããŠæ©èœããŸããææš©è ãåè£è ããæ°ããã«ãŒã«ã®äžã§æé©ãªè¡åããåŠç¿ãããŠããããã»ã¹ãå¿ èŠã§ããããã®å¹æã¯æéããããŠæçããŠãããŸãã
å¶åºŠã瀟äŒã«å®çããŠããããã»ã¹ã¯ã以äžã®ããã«èããããŸãã
åŠç¿å¹æãšè¡åå€å®¹ æ°ããã«ãŒã«ã«çŽé¢ããåœåã人ã ã¯ããã«ã¯æé©è¡åããšãããšãã§ããŸãããããããæ°åã®æœè¡ãçµãŠãææš©è ãåè£è ããéæ¿ãªå¯Ÿç«ãããå調ãå¯Ÿè©±ã®æ¹ããçµæçã«æå©ã«ãªãããšããããšãåŠç¿ããè¡åãé©å¿ãããŠãããŸãããã®ããã»ã¹ã¯æ®µéçã«é²ã¿ãŸãïŒ1st Election: Confusion â 2nd Election: Adaptation â 3rd Election: MaturationïŒã
æ°æããè²ã€ãæ§é ãã®æå³ã§ãå¶åºŠã¯åãªãéèšæ©ã§ã¯ãªãã人ã ã®æ¯ãèããã®ãã®ãå€ãããç°å¢ïŒå ŽïŒãã§ãããšèšããŸãã察ç«ãç œãå¶åºŠã®äžã§ã¯åæãé²ã¿ãå調ãä¿ãå¶åºŠã®äžã§ã¯å¯Ÿè©±ãè²ã¡ãŸãã
ãªãã©ã·ãŒã®éžæ è¯ãå¶åºŠã¯ãæéããããŠç€ŸäŒå šäœã®æ°æã®è³ªãããªãã¡æ¿æ²»çãªãã©ã·ãŒãã®ãã®ãéããåäžãããŠãããšããé·æçãªèŠç¹ãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
ãã®é·æçãªè²æããã»ã¹ãèæ ®ããäžã§ãçŸå®çãªå°å ¥æ¹æ³ãšããŠã©ã®ãããªã¢ãããŒããèããããã§ãããããæ¬¡ã¯ããã®å ·äœçãªæ¹çãææ¡ããŸãã
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ãããæç¥šã«ãã詊éšå°å ¥ã®æçŸ©
ãã®é«è§£å床æç¥šã¢ãã«ããçŸå®ç€ŸäŒã«å€§ããªæ··ä¹±ãªããœããã©ã³ãã£ã³ã°ãããããã®å ·äœçãªå°å ¥æŠç¥ãšããŠãããããæç¥šã«ãã詊éšå°å ¥ãã¯æ¥µããŠæå¹ãªéžæè¢ã§ããç¹ã«å°èŠæš¡ãªã³ãã¥ããã£ãå°æ¹èªæ²»äœã¬ãã«ã§ã®æ®µéçãªå°å ¥ã¯ããªã¹ã¯ãæå°éã«æããªãããå¶åºŠã®æå¹æ§ãæ€èšŒãã瀟äŒçãªç¥èŠãèç©ããäžã§çæ³çã§ãã
ãããæç¥šã«ãã詊éšå°å ¥ãããããäž»ãªã¡ãªããã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ãã
éèšã³ã¹ãã®è§£æ±º é äœã®ç¹æ°åãèšå ¥æ°æ£èŠåãšãã£ããæèšç®ã§ã¯ç ©éã«ãªãèšç®ããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿äžã§ããã°äžç¬ã§æ£ç¢ºã«åŠçã§ããŸããããã«ãããå®åäžã®å°å ¥ããŒãã«ã¯åçã«äžãããŸãã
éææ§ãšæ€èšŒå¯èœæ§ éèšããžãã¯ïŒã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ïŒããªãŒãã³ãœãŒã¹ãšããŠå ¬éããããšã§ã誰ã§ããã®æ£åœæ§ãæ€èšŒããããšãå¯èœã«ãªããŸããããã«ãããéèšããã»ã¹ããã©ãã¯ããã¯ã¹åããã®ãé²ããå¶åºŠãžã®ä¿¡é Œã確ä¿ããããšãã§ããŸãã
段éçãªå®æœ åœã®éžæã®ãããªå€§èŠæš¡ãªãã®ã«ãããªãå°å ¥ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããå°æ¹èªæ²»äœã®ãããªãã¯ã³ã¡ã³ãã®åéããç¹å®ã®æ¿ç決å®ã«é¢ããã¢ã³ã±ãŒããªã©ã圱é¿ç¯å²ãéå®ããé åãã詊éšçã«å°å ¥ããããšãå¯èœã§ããããã«ããã瀟äŒçãªåæã圢æããªãããå°ããã€é©çšç¯å²ãåºããŠããããšãã§ããŸãã
ãã®ãããªè©Šéšå°å ¥ãé²ããã«ãããã瀟äŒããå¯ããããã§ãããæžå¿µãçåã«ã©ãçããã¹ãããæ¬¡ã§ããããæŽçããŸãã
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
æ³å®ãããæžå¿µãšæŽç
æ°ããå¶åºŠãå°å ¥ããéã«ã¯ãåžæ°ãé¢ä¿è ããæ§ã ãªæžå¿µãå¯ããããããšãäºæ³ãããŸãããããã®å£°ã«çæ¯ã«è³ãåŸããå¶åºŠã®å²åŠãç®çãäžå¯§ã«èª¬æããçè§£ãä¿ãã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
ãã®æç¥šã¢ãã«ã«å¯ŸããŠæ³å®ããããå žåçãª3ã€ã®æžå¿µãšããã«å¯ŸããæŽçã»åçã以äžã«ç€ºããŸãã
æžå¿µ1ïŒãé£ãããã åç: è€éãªèšç®ã¯ãã¹ãŠã·ã¹ãã åŽã§è¡ãããŸããæç¥šè åŽã®äœéšã¯ãUIïŒãŠãŒã¶ãŒã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ïŒã®å·¥å€«ã«ãããã奜ããªåè£è ãã奜ããªé çªã«äžŠã¹ãã ãããšãããçŽæçã§ã·ã³ãã«ãªãã®ã«èšèšããããšãå¯èœã§ãã
æžå¿µ2ïŒãæ°æãèãŸãã åç: åŸæ¥ã®ã1人1祚ãã®æã€åŒ·ãææè¡šç€ºã®åã倱ãããããã«æãããããããŸããããããã¯èŠç¹ã®è»¢æãå¿ èŠã§ããå®éã«ã¯ãåã ã®ãæ¥µç«¯ãªæèŠããç¡å¹ã«ãªãã®ã§ã¯ãªãã瀟äŒå šäœã®å€æ§ãªæèŠã®äžã«é©åã«äœçœ®ã¥ãããããå šäœã®ãã©ã³ã¹ããåæ ããçµæãåŸãããããšèª¬æããããšãã§ããŸãã
æžå¿µ3ïŒãå¶åºŠçè§£ã®å¿ èŠæ§ã åç: ãã®æžå¿µã¯æ£åœãªãã®ã§ããããªããã®ãããªè€éãªèšç®ããããã®ãããšããèšç®ã®èæ¯ã«ããå²åŠãããªãã¡ãç¥šã®æã€æ å ±éã®å ¬å¹³æ§ãä¿ã€ããšããç®çããç²ã匷ããå¹³æãªèšèã§èª¬æãç¶ããå¿ èŠããããŸããå¶åºŠãžã®ä¿¡é Œã¯ããã®äžå¯§ãªã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«ãã£ãŠéžæãããŸãã
ãããã®æžå¿µãžã®åçãèžãŸããæ¬ææ¡ã®å šäœåãšæ žå¿çãªã¡ãã»ãŒãžããæåŸã«ç·æ¬ããŸãã
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ãŸãšã
æ¬ãã¬ãŒã³ããŒã·ã§ã³ã§è«ããŠãããé«è§£å床æç¥šã¢ãã«ãã¯ãåãªãæ°ããéèšæ¹æ³ã®ææ¡ã§ã¯ãããŸãããããã¯ã瀟äŒã®æææ±ºå®ããã»ã¹ãã®ãã®ã®å²åŠãåãçŽããçŸä»£ç€ŸäŒãçŽé¢ããåæãšãã課é¡ã«å¯Ÿãããäžã€ã®æè¡çãªè§£æ±ºçãæç€ºãããã®ã§ãã
æ¬ã¢ãã«ãç®æã3ã€ã®æ žå¿çãªäŸ¡å€ãã以äžã«èŠçŽããŸãã
決ããæç¥šãããææ¡ããæç¥šãž ç§ãã¡ã®ç®çã¯ãåã«åè ãäœãããã ãã®éžæã·ã¹ãã ããè±åŽããããšã§ããæç¥šãã瀟äŒã®å€æ§ãªææãããæ·±ããããæ£ç¢ºã«çè§£ããããã®ã瀟äŒèª¿æ»ããŒã«ããžãšé²åãããããšãæèšããŸãã
声ã ãã§ãªã瀟äŒã®ç¶æ ãèŠã æ¯æãäžæ¯æãè¿·ãã蚱容ããããå šãŠã®ææã®ãã¯ãã«ãåæãã瀟äŒãšãããå ŽãããéåäœãšããŠã©ããžé²ãããšããŠããã®ãããã®åçãªç¶æ ãèªã¿è§£ãããšããããçã®æ°æã®ææ¡ã«ç¹ãããŸãã
çŸä»£ã«ããã詊éšå°å ¥ã®æçŸ© 瀟äŒã®åæãäžççãªèª²é¡ãšãªã£ãŠããä»ã ãããããç§ãã¡ã¯ãåæåœ¢æã®æè¡ããã®ãã®ãã¢ããããŒãããå¿ èŠããããŸããå°èŠæš¡ãªè©Šéšå°å ¥ããå§ããããšã§ããªã¹ã¯ã管çããªãããããè¯ã瀟äŒçæææ±ºå®ã®ããæ¹ãæš¡çŽ¢ããŠããããšããçŸä»£ã«çããç§ãã¡ã«æ±ããããŠããŸãã
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ä»é²AïŒèšå ¥æ°æ£èŠåã®èšç®åŒïŒåèïŒ
æ¬æäžã§æŠå¿µçã«èª¬æãããèšå ¥æ°æ£èŠåãã¯ãç¥šã®æ å ±éã«å¿ããŠãã®åœ±é¿åã調æŽããããã®çµ±èšçãªè£æ£ã§ãããã®å ·äœçãªèšç®åŒã®äžäŸã以äžã«ç€ºããŸãã
æ°åŒ W(k) = (k/N)^α
å倿°ã®èª¬æ
W(k) : æç¥šåœ±é¿éïŒéã¿ä¿æ°ïŒããã®å€ãåã ã®ç¥šã®ç¹æ°ã«ä¹ããããŸãã
k : ææš©è ãé äœãèšå ¥ããåè£è ã®æ°ïŒéšåèšå ¥æ°ïŒã
N : åè£è ã®ç·æ°ã
α : æžè¡°ã®åŒ·ãã調æŽãããã©ã¡ãŒã¿ïŒäŸ: 1ïœ2ã®éã®å€ïŒãαã®å€ã倧ããã»ã©ãéšåèšå ¥ïŒkãå°ããïŒã®ç¥šã®åœ±é¿åãããå°ãããªããã調æŽãããŸãã
åŒã®æå³ã®è§£èª¬ ãã®åŒã¯ããå šåè£è ïŒNïŒã®ãã¡ãäœå²ã®åè£è ïŒkïŒãæ¯èŒè©äŸ¡ãããããšããæ¯ç (k/N) ãåºã«ããã®ç¥šã®åœ±é¿å W(k) ãæ±ºå®ããããšãæå³ããŸãã
å šåè£è ãè©äŸ¡ããå Žå (k=N)ãW(k)ã¯1ãšãªãããã®ç¥šã¯æå€§éã«è©äŸ¡ãããŸãã
éã«1人ããèšå ¥ããªãã£ãå Žå (k=1)ãW(k)ã¯å°ããªå€ãšãªãããã®ç¥šã®åœ±é¿åã¯çžå¯Ÿçã«æããããŸãã ããã«ãããå€ãã®åè£è ãæ¯èŒæ€èšãããé«è§£å床ãã®ç¥šããæŠç¥çã«æãããããäœè§£å床ãã®ç¥šã«ãã£ãŠé§éãããã®ãé²ããŸãã
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ä»é²BïŒé äœé ç¹ã®èšç®äŸïŒåèïŒ
ææš©è ã«ãã£ãŠä»ããããé äœããéèšã®ããã«ç¹æ°ãžå€æããéã®èšç®ããžãã¯ïŒé ç¹æ¹æ³ïŒã®äžäŸãšããŠããã«ãåŒãå¿çšããæ¹æ³ã玹ä»ããŸãããã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãç¹å®ã®åè£ãžã®æ¥µç«¯ãªç¹æ°éäžãé¿ããåè£è éã®æ¯èŒè©äŸ¡ãéèŠããèšèšã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã
æ°åŒ s_i = (k-i+1) / Σ(j=1 to k) å倿°ã®èª¬æ
s_i : içªç®ã«é äœä»ããããåè£è ãåŸãïŒæ£èŠååã®ïŒçŽ ç¹ã
k : ãã®æç¥šè ãé äœãèšå ¥ããåè£è ã®ç·æ°ã
i : åè£è ã®é äœïŒ1äœã2äœãâŠkäœïŒã
Σ(j=1 to k): 1ããkãŸã§ã®æŽæ°ã®å (1+2+...+k)ãããã¯ãç¹æ°ã®åèšã1ã«ããããã®åæ¯ïŒæ£èŠåé ïŒã§ãã
åŒã®æå³ã®è§£èª¬ ãã®é ç¹æ¹æ³ã¯ã1äœã®åè£è ãæãé«ãç¹ (k / Σj) ãåŸãŠãé äœãäžããããšã«ç¹æ°ãç·åœ¢ã«æžå°ããŠããããšãæå³ããŸãã
äŸïŒk=3ã®å ŽåïŒ: åæ¯ã¯ 1+2+3=6 ãšãªããŸãã
1äœ (i=1) ã®åŸç¹: (3-1+1) / 6 = 3/6
2äœ (i=2) ã®åŸç¹: (3-2+1) / 6 = 2/6
3äœ (i=3) ã®åŸç¹: (3-3+1) / 6 = 1/6 ãã®èšèšã®éèŠãªç¹ã¯ã忝ã§åèšç¹æ°ãå²ã£ãŠãããããèšå ¥æ°ïŒkïŒãç°ãªã£ãŠããäžäººã®æç¥šè ãé åããç¹æ°ã®ç·åãåžžã«1ã«ãªãããšã§ããããã«ãããç¹å®ã®åè£ã«æ¥µç«¯ã«é«ãç¹æ°ãäžããããšãã§ããªããªãããã©ã®åè£ããä»ã®åè£ãšæ¯èŒããŠã©ã®çšåºŠè©äŸ¡ãããããšããçžå¯Ÿçãªæ å ±ããçµæã«æ®ãããããªããŸãã
