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Are People Born Good?
Natural Compassion vs. Useful Teaching
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M: A child is crawling toward an open well. Any man who sees it feels a shock, and his hand moves before he thinks. He is not calculating the parents' thanks, or his reputation, or how much he dislikes the crying. Where does that come from, if not from something already inside him?
Z: From something inside him. I agree, and I have felt it myself. But look closely at what you have proved. You have proved that a man will move his hands for a child three steps away.
M: That is not a small thing. It is the smallest true thing about us, and everything larger grows out of it.
Z: Then tell me how far it grows. The same man walks home past a beggar and feels a little. He hears that a distant province is starving and feels almost nothing. Your feeling is a lamp, and it dims with every step you take.
M: Of course it dims. A lamp still shows you the road under your feet. Would you put it out because it cannot light the whole province?
Z: I would add more lamps, and I would ask your man for something harder. Tell him to pay a small tax every year, so that every well in the county gets a wall. He will grumble. The feeling that moved his hand does not reach his purse.
M: Then show him a child. That is why we tell stories about wells and not about numbers. Nobody has ever wept over a column of figures. Show him one child, and he will pay for your wall.
Z: Perhaps. Meanwhile I would rather look at what people do than at what they feel for one second. Armies burn villages, and officials take money. Families store grain while the road outside fills with the hungry.
M: Then let me show you a hill. There was a mountain near my home, and it was once covered with fine trees. People came with axes, and afterwards they let their cattle eat the young shoots. Now it is bare, and travellers look at it and say that nothing ever grew there.
Z: That is a good story, and I notice what it admits. The trees needed protecting. Nature by itself did not keep them. Your bare hill is what happens when nobody teaches, guards, or feeds.
M: I have never said otherwise. A seed left on a stone dies. It still matters that it was a seed and not a stone.
Z: Let me tell you what I saw in the market last month. A man was dyeing silk in open pots, and I watched him for an hour. He put white cloth into blue water and it came out blue. He put the same cloth into yellow water and it came out yellow. Five pots, five colours, and not one of them was in the silk to begin with. What you call human nature is very often the colour of the water a person grew up in.
M: Silk does not choose, and a child does. Notice also which colours hold. A cruel ruler must watch his people every day, or they slip away from him. A kind one does not have to watch so hard.
Z: Or kindness is simply the more useful dye, which is exactly my point. Either way, you and I both end up teaching. You say you are watering a seed; I say I am colouring cloth. Watch our hands: they are doing the same work.
M: Our hands are doing the same work. The difference appears the day we stop. Take away the dye, and nothing in the cloth wants to be blue. Take away the water, and the roots are still there, waiting for rain.
Z: I cannot see roots, and I will not build a country on them. Think about the two possible mistakes. If you are right and I teach anyway, I have wasted a little effort. If I am right and we trust your roots, the cloth stays white and the province starves.
M: That is a fair wager. Now answer me one thing, plainly: why do you care about that distant province at all? No rule ordered you to care. Something in you did.
Z: Perhaps something in me did. I do not build on it, because I cannot carry it to a king in a jar. A king will fund a wall around a well. He will not fund my feelings, or yours.
M: Then teach; I have never told anyone to stop. But be careful what you tell a child he is. Tell a boy he is white cloth, and he will stand still and wait to be coloured. Tell him something is already in him, and he may reach for the well himself.
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