Embutramide
Embutramide (INN, USAN, BAN) (aha njirimara Embutane) bụ ọgwụ opioid analgesic na sedative dị ike nke nwere njikọ na methadone.[1][2][3] Ọ bụ Hoechst AG mepụtara ya na 1958 ma nyochaa ya dị ka ihe na-akụnwụ ahụ n'ozuzu ya, mana achọpụtara na ọ nwere windo ọgwụgwọ dị warara, na 50 mg / kg ọgwụ na-emepụta sedation dị irè na 75 mg / kg na-egbu egbu. Tinyere mmetụta siri ike nke sedative, embutramide na-emepụta nkụda mmụọ iku ume na ventricular arrhythmia. N'ihi ihe ndị a, ọ dịghị mgbe a nabatara ya maka ọgwụgwọ dị ka Ihe ndị sitere ná na-akụnwụ ahụ n'ihi na a na-ewere ndị na ụdị ke amụta site na iji ya dị ka ihe dị ize ndụ maka nzube a. Kama nke ahụ, a na-eji ya maka euthanasia na ọgwụ anụmanụ, ọkachasị maka euthanization nke nkịta.
A na-emepụta Embutramide dị ka ngwaahịa ngwakọta n'okpuru aha Tributame, nke nwekwara chloroquine na lidocaine.[4]
A na-eji Embutramide eme ihe maka euthanasia nke anụmanụ dị iche iche, ọkachasị obere anụmanụ a na-elekọta dị ka anụ ụlọ karịa nnukwu anụ ụlọ. Ọ nwere ike ịkpata nnukwu ihe mgbu na anụmanụ a na-egbu egbu, yabụ ọ nwere ike ịbelata ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke ozor na ímé ihe nọr ka ébé ike ịbụ ihe na-adịchaghị mma karịa ọgwụ ochie eji eme ihe maka ebumnuche a dịka pentobarbital; Otú ọ dị, ọ nwere ike ịnwe obere mmetọ karịa barbiturates karịsịa na usoro ngwakọta Tributame, ya mere o yighị ka a gbanwee ya maka mmetọ ntụrụndụ.[5][6] Otú ọ dị, a kọrọ na ndị nwere ike ịnweta ọgwụ ahụ na-eji Embutramide eme ihe maka igbu onwe ha, a gbakwunyere ya na ndepụta nke ọgwụ Schedule III na US na 2006, dị ka Non-Narcotic na ACSCN 2020, nke na-ekewa ya na ndị na-akụda mmụọ dị ka benzodiazepines, barbiturates, na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ na-eme ka ọgwụ.[7][8][9]
Nchịkọta
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Alkylation nke (3-Methoxyphenyl) acetonitrile [19924-43-7] (1) na bromoethane na-enye 2-Ethyl-2- (3-methoxyphenyl), -butanenitrile [40692-21-5] (2). A na-eji sodium ndị mmadụ n'ihe ndị na borohydride belata otu nitrile iji nye 2-ethyl-2- (3-methoxyphenyl) butan-1-amine [93309-48-9] (3'). Ọdịdị amide site na mmeghachi omume na gamma-butyrolactone rụzuru njikọ nke embutramide (4).
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies. Springer. 14 November 2014. pp. 482–. ISBN 978-1-4757-2085-3.
- ↑ Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties and Synonyms. Springer Science & Business Media. 31 October 1999. pp. 108–. ISBN 978-0-7514-0499-9.
- ↑ Small Animal Toxicology. Elsevier Health Sciences. 7 August 2013. pp. 315–. ISBN 978-0-323-24198-4.
- ↑ "TRIBUTAME Euthanasia Solution" (PDF). Freedom of Information Summary NADA 141-245. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2017.
- ↑ "[The use of T61 for the humane killing of pets and laboratory animals]". Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde (in Dutch and Flemish). 115 (13): 625–32. July 1990. PMID 2371711.
- ↑ "DEA lists embutramide as schedule III controlled substance". Archived from the original on 8 March 2012.
- ↑ "Suicide by ingestion of T-61". Veterinary and Human Toxicology. 31 (4): 319–20. August 1989. PMID 2815545.
- ↑ "Blood investigation in a fatality involving the veterinary drug T-61". Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 26 (7): 529–31. October 2002. doi:10.1093/jat/26.7.529. PMID 12423012.
- ↑ "DEA lists embutramide as schedule III controlled substance". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 229 (9): 1358. November 2006. PMID 17139797.
- ↑ Karl Schmitt, et al. GB1002436 (1965 to Hoechst AG).
- ↑ "science24.com - Synthesis of embutramide in mild conditions". science24.com. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
