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BlackRock

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De Wikipedia, le encyclopedia libere

BlackRock
instantia de: company[*], negotio[*], societate per actiones public[*]
parte de: S&P 500[*], list of companies involved in the Gaza war[*], S&P 100[*]


data de creation: 1988
sito web official: https://www.blackrock.com
Commons: BlackRock, Inc.

BlackRock, Inc. es un corporation multinational american de investimento. Fundate in 1988, initialmente como un gestor de activos institutional de gestion de riscos de interprisa e renta fixe, BlackRock es le plus grande gestor de activos del mundo,[1] con 12,5 billiones de dollars in activos sub gestion a partir de 2025.[2] Con sede central in le Citate de New York, BlackRock ha 70 officios in 30 paises e clientes in 100 paises.[3]

BlackRock es le gestor del gruppo iShares de fundos de investis de excambio (ETF), e insimul con Fidelity, Vanguard, e State Street, illo es considerate un del "Big Four" gestores de fundos de indice.[4][5] Su software Aladdin se occupa del surveliantia de portofolios de investimento pro multe major institutiones financiari e su division BlackRock Solutions forni servicios de gestion de riscos financiari. In 2025, BlackRock esseva classificate in le position 210 in le lista Fortune 500 del plus grande corporationes del Statos Unite per receptas.[6]

BlackRock ha cercate positionar se como un lider del industria in considerationes environmental, social e de governantia (ESG) in investimentos.[7] Le statos de West Virginia,[8] Florida,[9] e Louisiana[10] ha de-investite moneta de, o refusa facer negotios con, le firma a causa de su politicas ESG. BlackRock ha essite criticate pro investir in companias implicate in combustibiles fossile, le industria de armamento, le Armea de Liberation Popular, e violationes de derectos human in China.

Controversias

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Influentia e poter

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Debite a su poter e al dimension e amplicitude massive de su activos e activitates financiari, BlackRock ha essite appellate le plus grande banca umbra del mundo per The Economist e Basler Zeitung.[11][12] In 2020, le Representantes del S.U. Katie Porter e Chuy García proponeva un projecto de lege in le Camera de Representantes del S.U. con le objectivo de restringer BlackRock e altere bancas umbra.[13] Le 4 de martio 2021, le Senatrice del S.U. Elizabeth Warren suggereva que BlackRock deberea esser designate como "troppo grande pro faliar" e regulate in consequentia.[14]

BlackRock investi le fundos de su clientes (per exemplo, le proprietarios de unitates de fundos indexate commerciate iShares) in numerose companias cotisate publicamente, alcunes de quales competi inter se.[15][16][17] Debite al dimension del fundos de BlackRock, le compania es inter le principal actionistas de multe interprisas. BlackRock declara que iste actiones es ultimemente proprietate del clientes del compania, e non de BlackRock mesme—un vision compartite per plure academicos independente—ma recognosce que illo pote exercer votos de actionistas in nomine de iste clientes, in multe casos sin le intervention del cliente.[18] In le annos 2020, le compania prendeva mesuras pro permitter que le investitores institutional participe in le votation de actionistas in quasi le medietate del activos de indices de actiones de BlackRock.[19]

BlackRock ha essite le subjecto de theorias de conspiration, includente un in le qual BlackRock es le proprietario tanto de Fox News como de Dominion Voting Systems. Ben que il es ver que BlackRock possee 15% de Fox Corporation,[20] Snopes describeva le affirmation complete como "false" e PolitiFact lo describeva como "principalmente false" debite al absentia de participation de BlackRock in Dominion Voting Systems.[21][22] Alcun theorias de conspiration super BlackRock ha incorporate antisemitismo, tal como le theoria de conspiration que le personas judee, includente le fundador de BlackRock Robert Kapito, es parte de un cabal responsabile pro le COVID-19 e un "agenda COVID".[23]

Proprietate commun

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"Proprietate commun" occurre quando competitores intra un mercato es possedite communmente. In altere parolas, iste competitores pote haber le mesme actionistas potente si lor actiones es commerciate publicamente. Le proprietate commun ha le potential de causar damno proque illo reduce le competition del mercato, lo que pote esser mal pro le consumtores e le economia. Le proprietate commun pote tamben ducer a salarios plus alte pro le CEOs, mesmo si le competition inter le firmas es reducite.[24] In responsa a un articulo de recerca amplemente citate que monstrava que le proprietate commun augmenta le precios,[25] BlackRock publicava un libro blanc appellante le mechanismo "vage e inverisimile". Al mesme tempore, le reporto annue de 2023 de BlackRock al SEC identificava le proprietate commun como un risco de negocio potential, notante que "in 2023, le FTC e le DOJ publicava nove directivas de fusion recognoscente que le proprietate commun pote reducer le incentivos competitive" e que "le solutiones de politica poterea, a su vice, affectar adversemente BlackRock." Le compania revelava que le proprietate commun "pote reciper major consideration in investigationes regulatori, studios, propostas de regulas, decisiones de politica e/o le scrutinio de fusiones e acquisitiones."[26]

Investimento in governantia ambiental, social e corporative

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Articulo principal: Environmental, social and corporate governance

In 2017, BlackRock expandeva su de projectos de governantia ambiental, social e corporative (ESG) con nove personal e productos.[27][28][29][30][31] BlackRock comenciava a attraher attention super questiones ambiental e de diversitate per medio de litteras official a CEOs e votos de actionistas conjunctemente con investitores activista o retes de investitores tal como le Carbon Disclosure Project, que in 2017 supportava un resolution de actionistas pro que ExxonMobil agerea super le cambio climatic.[32][33][34] In 2018, illo demandava al companias del Russell 1000 de meliorar le diversitate de genere in lor consilio de administration si illos habeva minus de duo feminas in illos.[35]

In augusto 2021, un ancian executivo de BlackRock qui habeva servite como le prime director global de investimentos pro investimento sustenibile del compania, diceva que ille pensava que le investimento ESG del firma esseva un "placebo periculose que damna le interesse public." Le ancian executivo diceva que le institutiones financiari es motivate a participar in investimentos ESG proque le productos ESG ha commissiones plus alte, lo que a su vice augmenta le beneficios del compania.[36] In octobre 2021, le consilio editorial de The Wall Street Journal scribeva que BlackRock pulsava le U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission a adoptar regulas que require que le companias private revela publicamente lor impacto climatic, le diversitate de lor consilios de administration, e altere metricas. Le consilio editorial opinava que "le mandatos ESG, que tamben comporta riscos substantial de litigation e reputation, causara que multe companias evita le mercatos public. Isto nocerea al boursas de valores e al gestores de activos, ma super toto al investitores minorista."[37]

In januario 2022, le fundador e CEO de BlackRock Larry Fink defendeva le foco del compania in le investimento ESG, rejectante "le accusationes que le gestor de activos usava su peso e influentia pro supportar un agenda politicmente correcte o progressive."[38] Fink diceva que le practica de ESG "non es woke".[39] Le emphase de BlackRock in ESG ha attrahite criticas como "ceder a interessos anti-negocio" o esser "mermente marketing".[40] In un conferentia al Aspen Ideas Festival in junio 2023, le CEO de BlackRock Larry Fink diceva que ille ha cessate de usar le termino "ESG" proque le termino ha essite "usate como arma". Secundo un reporter de Axios, Fink diceva, "Io ha vergonia de esser parte de iste conversation." Plus tarde, secundo Axios, Fink diceva, "Io nunquam diceva que io habeva vergonia. Io non ha vergonia. Io crede in le capitalismo conscientiose."[41]

In julio 2023, BlackRock annunciava que illo permitterea al investitores minorista un voto per procura in su major ETF a partir de 2024. Le movimento esseva initiate in le contexto de affirmationes de republicanos del S.U. que BlackRock tenta systematicamente de pulsar un 'agenda woke' a transverso de su activitates pro-ESG. Sub le plano, le investitores in le iShares Core S&P 500 ETF de BlackRock essera invitate a facer optiones inter septe differente politicas general que varia de votar generalmente con le direction de BlackRock, a factores ambiental, social e de governantia o priorisar valores catholic. Le investitores non potera votar super companias specific.[42] Le Consilio Editorial de The Wall Street Journal argueva que isto equivaleva a un "false option de voto" post que quasi tote le politicas de voto pre-selectionate es elaborate per le consultores de procura aliniate con ESG Glass Lewis e Institutional Shareholder Services.[43]

Investimentos in contributores al cambio climatic

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Activistas ambiental, includente le organisation interreligiose global GreenFaith e Extinction Rebellion, protesta le reunion de actionistas de BlackRock le 31 de maio 2022.

A partir de decembre 2018, BlackRock esseva le plus grande investitor del mundo in centrales electric a carbon, possedente actiones con un valor de $11 milliardos in 56 companias del industria.[44] BlackRock possedeva plus de reservas de petroleo, gas e carbon thermal que omne altere compania de gestion de investimentos con reservas total que amontava a 9,5 gigatonnas de emissiones de Patrono:CO2 o 30% del emissiones total ligate al energia de 2017.[45] Gruppos ambiental includente le Sierra Club,[46] assi como Amazon Watch,[47] lanceava un campania in septembre 2018 appellate "BlackRock's Big Problem" (Le Grande Problema de BlackRock),[48] affirmante que BlackRock es le "plus grande motor de destruction climatic sur le planeta", in parte debite a su opposition al disinvestimento in combustibiles fossile.[48]

In 2019, activistas climatic realisava theatro de strata e se glutinava al porta del officios del compania in London.[49] Le 10 de januario 2020, un gruppo de activistas climatic entrava precipitosemente in le officios de BlackRock Francia in Paris, pingente muros e solos con advertimentos e accusationes super le responsabilitate del compania in le effectos del calefaction global.[50] In maio 2019, BlackRock esseva criticate pro le impacto ambiental de su inversiones post que illo esseva un actionista majoritari in cata supermajor de petroleo excepte Total S.A. e in 7 del 10 plus grande productores de carbon.[51]

Le 14 de januario 2020, le compania cambiava su politica de investimento; le CEO de BlackRock Larry Fink diceva que le sustenibilitate ambiental esserea un objectivo clave pro le decisiones de investimento.[52] BlackRock annunciava que illo venderea activos ligate al carbon per un valor de 500 milliones de dollars, e creava fundos que non investirea in companias que profita de combustibiles fossile.[53][52] Nonobstante, le appoio de BlackRock a resolutiones de actionistas que solicitava le divulgation de risco climatic cadeva de 25% in 2019 a 14% in 2020.[54] BlackRock ha anque essite criticate concernente le inaction super le cambiamento climatic e le disforestation in le foresta amazonic.[55][56] Secundo The New Republic, BlackRock "se ha positionate como le 'bono' in Wall Street, e su executivos como un equipa de gestores de moneta de character placide qui comprende le riscos del crise climatic e le importantia del diversitate. Sed ille compromissos, secundo le criticos, se extende solmente usque a certe puncto in le operationes quotidian del firma."[13] Secundo IESE, BlackRock ha de facto influentiate companias polluente a reducer lor emissiones de carbon. Le studio monstrava que le companias que se reuniva con le CEO de BlackRock, Larry Fink, habeva emissiones de CO2 plus basse le anno sequente.[57] Un altere studio monstrava que BlackRock ha etiquettate incorrectemente alcun fundos de investimento, habente solmente 9% de 82 fundos etiquettate como sustenibile que non investiva in companias de combustibiles fossile.[58]

Investimentos in fabricantes de armas de foco

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In maio 2018, manifestantes contra armas de foco realisava un demonstration extra le reunion general annue del compania in Manhattan.[59] Post discussiones con fabricantes e distributores de armas de foco, le 5 de april 2018, BlackRock introduceva duo nove fundo de investimente indexate (ETFs) que exclude actiones de fabricantes de armas e de grande venditores de armas como Walmart, Dick's Sporting Goods, Kroger, Sturm Ruger, American Outdoor Brands, e Vista Outdoor, e eliminava le actiones de septe fundos ESG existente.[60][61][62]

Studio de BlackRock sur le integration de ESG in le regulas bancari

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Le Ombudsman Europee aperiva un investigation in maio 2020 pro inspicer le dossier del commission sur le decision del Commission Europee de attribuer un contracto a BlackRock pro realisar un studio sur le integration de riscos e objectivos ambiental, social e de governantia (ESG) in le regulas bancari del UE ('le marco prudential'). Membros del Parlamento Europee questionava le impartialitate de BlackRock viste su investimentos in le sector.[63][64]

Statos del SUA que refusa facer commercio con BlackRock a causa de politicas ESG

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Riley Moore, le tresorero de stato de West Virginia, diceva in junio 2022 que BlackRock e cinque altere institutiones financiari non serea plus permittite facer commercio con le stato de West Virginia a causa del advocation del compania contra le industria de combustibiles fossile.[65] In octobre 2022, Louisiana retirava 794 milliones de dollars de fundos de BlackRock a causa del impulsion del compania verso ESG e energia verde.[66] In decembre 2022, Jimmy Patronis, le director financiari de Florida, annunciava que le governamento de Florida disinvestirea 2 milliardos de dollars de investimentos sub le gestion de BlackRock a causa del movimento del firma pro rinforsar le standardes e politicas ESG.[67][68] BlackRock respondeva postea al annuncio con un declaration affirmante que le disinvestimento placerea le politica super le interesse del investitores.[69]

Critica de investimentos in China

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In augusto 2021, BlackRock establiva su prime fundo mutue in China post colliger plus de un milliardo de dollars de 111.000 investitores chinese. BlackRock deveniva le prime compania de proprietate estranier permittite per le governamento chinese a operar un interprisa de proprietate exclusive in le industria de fundos mutue de China.[70][71][72] Scribente in le The Wall Street Journal, George Soros describeva le initiativa de BlackRock in China como un "error tragic" que "damnificarea le interesses de securitate national del SUA e de altere democratias."[73][74]

In octobre 2021, le gruppo conservative sin scopo lucrative Consumers' Research lanceava un campania publicitari criticante le relation de BlackRock con le governamento chinese in responda al activismo de BlackRock sur le cambio climatic,[75] como parte del campania de Consumers' Research contra le percipite "wokeness" in le corporationes american.[76] In decembre 2021, on reportava que BlackRock esseva un investitor in duo companias que habeva essite ponite in le lista nigre per le governamento del SUA, accusante China de abusos de derectos human contra le uighures in Xinjiang. In un caso (Hikvision), BlackRock augmentava su nivello de investimento post que le compania esseva listate in le lista nigre.[77]

In augusto 2023, le Comitite Selecte del Camera de Representantes del SUA sur le Partito Communista Chinese initiava un investigation sur le investimentos del firma in companias chinese accusate de violar le derectos human e de adjutar le Armea de Liberation Popular.[78][79][80] In april 2024, un reporto del comitite diceva que le inclusion in indices e le investimentos de fundos habeva dirigite al minus 1,9 milliardos de dollars a entitates "listate in le lista nigre" per le autoritates del SUA. Le comitite notava que le activitate esseva legal sub le regulas tunc currente e instava a cambios de politica. BlackRock diceva que su productos conforma al lege del SUA e al mandatos del clientes.[81]

In februario 2025, un gruppo de 17 procuratores general de statos del SUA criticava BlackRock pro facer divulgationes improprie o inadequate sur investimentos in China.[82]

Ligamines con le Reserva Federal

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BlackRock esseva examinate pro allegatemente profitar de su ligamines stricte con le Reserva Federal durante le effortios de responda al pandemia de COVID-19.[83][84][85] In junio 2020, The New Republic scribeva que BlackRock "habeva un multo bon pandemia" e se presentava "como socialmente responsabile durante que illo contribueva al catastrophe climatic, evitante le scrutinio regulatori, e cercante influentiar un [potential] administration de Biden."[13] Le Financial Times describeva BlackRock como habente assecurate un rolo de consultoria prominente in le programma de emption de activos post-COVID del Fed, lo que suscitava preoccupationes sur si BlackRock usarea su influentia pro incoragiar le Fed a emer productos de BlackRock; durante le programma de expansion quantitative de 2020 del Fed, le ETF de obligationes corporative de BlackRock recipeva 4,3 milliardos de dollars in nove investimentos, comparate al respective 33 milliones e 15 milliones recipite per le competitores de BlackRock, Vanguard Group e State Street.[86] BlackRock se obligava a renunciar al beneficios del programma del Fed ultra su fies de consultoria de mercatos financiari. Illo prometteva que le revenutos additional ganiate sur su ETFs de obligationes como resultato del programma de emption serea retornate al Reserva Federal.[86] Le 26 de maio 2020, le contracto esseva publicate. The New York Times scribeva sur le contracto que BlackRock "ganiarea non plus de 7,75 milliones de dollars per anno pro le principal borsa de obligationes que illo gestionara. Illo etiam habera prohibite ganiar fies sur le vendita de fundos de investimente indexate basate sur obligationes, un segmento del mercato que illo domina."[87]

In januario 2026, le Secretario del Tresoro del SUA Scott Bessent confirmava que le CIO de Renta Fixe Global de BlackRock, Rick Rieder, es un del quatro candidatos in le lista de selection considerate per le Presidente Trump pro succeder al Presidente del Reserva Federal Jerome Powell quando su mandato termina, in maio 2026.[88]

Referentias

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  1. ↑ BlackRock, Inc. 2025 Form 10-K Annual Report. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (25 de februario 2026).
  2. ↑ BlackRock shares slump even as assets hit record $12.5 trillion on market rally (in anglese), Reuters (15 de julio 2025).
  3. ↑ About Us. BlackRock.
  4. ↑ “Index Funds and the Future of Corporate Governance: Theory, Evidence, and Policy” (1 de decembre 2019). Columbia Law Review 119 (8): 2029–2146.
  5. ↑ The Hidden Dangers of the Great Index Fund Takeover (9 de januario 2020).
  6. ↑ BlackRock (in anglese).
  7. ↑ Binnie, Isla (26 de junio 2023). BlackRock's Fink says he's stopped using 'weaponised' term ESG.
  8. ↑ West Virginia Treasury Drops BlackRock Over Stance on Climate Risk (in anglese) (18 de januario 2022).
  9. ↑ Downey, Renzo (1 de decembre 2022). Florida divests $2B from BlackRock as movement against woke investing matures (in American English).
  10. ↑ Muller, Wesley (6 de octobre 2022). Treasurer pulls Louisiana investments out of BlackRock • Louisiana Illuminator (in American English).
  11. ↑ Die grösste Schattenbank der Welt, Basler Zeitung (20 de novembre 2012).
  12. ↑ Shadow and substance (10 de maio 2014).
  13. 1 2 3 Patrono:Cite magazine
  14. ↑ Cox, Jeff (24 de martio 2021). Yellen supports banks' share buybacks. Sen. Warren wants BlackRock designated too big to fail.
  15. ↑ “Hidden power of the Big Three? Passive index funds, re-concentration of corporate ownership, and new financial risk” (30 de augusto 2017). Business and Politics 19 (2): 298–326. doi:10.1017/bap.2017.6.
  16. ↑ Who owns big business: the rise of passive investors (@uvaCORPNET) (3 de novembre 2016).
  17. ↑ BlackRock – The company that owns the world? (Investigate Europe) (10 de maio 2018).
  18. ↑ Fact Check-Video claiming BlackRock and Vanguard 'own all the biggest corporations in the world' is missing context, Reuters (20 de april 2022).
  19. ↑ BlackRock extends AGM vote choice to more equity index clients, Reuters (12 de junio 2022).
  20. ↑ BlackRock Increases Position in Fox Corporation (FOXA) (1 de februario 2023).
  21. ↑ Does BlackRock Own Both Fox News and Dominion Voting Systems?. Snopes (27 de april 2023).
  22. ↑ Facebook posts.
  23. ↑ 'COVID agenda is Jewish': Antisemitic flyer found at Melbourne synagogue. The Jerusalem Post (16 de julio 2022).
  24. ↑ When sky-high executive pay is a case of common ownership (in American English).
  25. ↑ Why the presence of common shareholders in rival companies looms as a threat (in American English).
  26. ↑ Patrono:Cite report
  27. ↑ BlackRock stakes claim on 'sustainable investing' revolution, Financial Times (22 de octobre 2018). "BlackRock intends to become a global leader in “sustainable investing”, says Larry Fink, as the world's largest asset manager launched"
  28. ↑ Chasan, Emily (10 de octobre 2017). BlackRock Names Former Obama Aide to Run Sustainable Investing, Bloomberg.
  29. ↑ BlackRock, Wells Fargo Are Betting on Ethical Investing Funds for 401(k)s, Bloomberg (13 de junio 2018).
  30. ↑ Camilla Giannoni (19 de octobre 2018). BlackRock hires new Switzerland CEO. "deepen our commitment to clients in Switzerland and broaden our sustainable investing footprint in Europe"
  31. ↑ Gruber, Angelika (19 de octobre 2018). Independent Capital's Staub-Bisang to run BlackRock Switzerland, Reuters.
  32. ↑ Tarek Soliman (1 de junio 2017). The new normal: Exxon shareholders vote in favour of climate action. Archivo del original create le 29 de januario 2021. Recuperate le 12 de martio 2026.
  33. ↑ Gary McWilliams (31 de maio 2017). Exxon shareholders approve climate impact report in win for activists, Reuters.
  34. ↑ Winston, Andrew (19 de januario 2018). “Does Wall Street Finally Care About Sustainability?”. Harvard Business Review.
  35. ↑ Chasan, Emily (3 de novembre 2018). BlackRock Is Sick of Excuses for Corporate Boards Lacking Women.
  36. ↑ Blackrock's former sustainable investing chief now thinks ESG is a 'dangerous placebo' (in anglese), CNBC (24 de augusto 2021).
  37. ↑ The Editorial Board (24 de octobre 2021). Opinion: BlackRock's Wish Is Your Command, The Wall Street Journal.
  38. ↑ BlackRock CEO Larry Fink says stakeholder capitalism is not 'woke', CNBC (18 de januario 2022).
  39. ↑ BlackRock CEO Says Stakeholder Capitalism Isn't 'Woke', Bloomberg News (17 de januario 2022).
  40. ↑ Larry Fink Defends Stakeholder Capitalism, The New York Times (18 de januario 2022).
  41. ↑ Larry Fink "ashamed" to be part of ESG political debate, Axios (26 de junio 2023).
  42. ↑ Masters, Brooke (17 de julio 2023). BlackRock offers a vote to retail investors in its biggest ETF, Financial Times.
  43. ↑ BlackRock's False Voting 'Choice'. The Wall Street Journal (24 de julio 2023).
  44. ↑ New Research Reveals the Banks and Investors Financing the Expansion of the Global Coal Plant Fleet. Urgewald (5 de decembre 2018). Archivo del original create le 23 de april 2022. Recuperate le 12 de martio 2026.
  45. ↑ New report confirms BlackRock's big fossil fuel problem. Friends of the Earth (10 de decembre 2018).
  46. ↑ New Campaign Is Calling Out BlackRock's Big Climate Problem (5 de octobre 2018).
  47. ↑ BlackRock Targeted as Largest Driver of Climate Destruction in New Campaign (27 de septembre 2018).
  48. 1 2 BlackRock's Big Problem- Making the climate crisis worse.
  49. ↑ "You can't eat money": An interview with Extinction Rebellion activist Jo Flanagan (in Australian English) (9 de martio 2022).
  50. ↑ Sebag, Gaspard (10 de februario 2020). BlackRock's Paris Office Barricaded by Climate Activists.
  51. ↑ World's biggest investor accused of dragging feet on climate crisis (21 de maio 2019).
  52. 1 2 Sorkin, Andrew Ross (14 de januario 2020). BlackRock C.E.O. Larry Fink: Climate Crisis Will Reshape Finance, The New York Times.
  53. ↑ GANDEL, STEPHEN (14 de januario 2020). BlackRock to sell $500 million in coal investments in climate change push.
  54. ↑ Cook, Jackie (28 de septembre 2020). How Big Fund Families Voted on Climate Change: 2020 Edition. Morningstar, Inc..
  55. ↑ Gandel, Stephen (2 de martio 2020). Investment giant BlackRock faces critics on climate change, Amazon deforestation, CBS News.
  56. ↑ Greenfield, Patrick (12 de octobre 2019). World's Top Three Asset Managers Oversee $300bn Fossil Fuel Investments, The Guardian.
  57. ↑ The sweeping change of net zero emissions (in American English).
  58. ↑ Naef, Alain (1 de januario 2024). Fossil-Washing? The Fossil Fuel Investment of ESG Funds, International Finance Review 23. Emerald Publishing Limited, 137–146. doi:10.1108/s1569-376720240000023007. ISBN: 978-1-83753-963-5.
  59. ↑ Anti-gun protesters rally outside BlackRock shareholder meeting to condemn its Sturm Ruger investments, New York Daily News (23 de maio 2018).
  60. ↑ Moyer, Liz (5 de april 2018). BlackRock to offer new funds that exclude stocks of gun makers and retailers including Walmart, CNBC.
  61. ↑ Gibson, Kate (5 de april 2018). BlackRock unveils line of gun-free investment products, CBS News.
  62. ↑ Siegel, Rachel (6 de april 2018). BlackRock unveils gun-free investment options.
  63. ↑ European Ombudsman. Europa (23 de novembre 2020).
  64. ↑ The Commission's decision to award a contract to BlackRock to oversee the development of ESG factors in the EU banking sector and corporate investment policies. Europa (20 de april 2020).
  65. ↑ Schroeder, Pete (14 de junio 2022). West Virginia threatens to bar big banks, BlackRock over perceived fossil fuel boycotts, Reuters.
  66. ↑ Louisiana to remove $794 mln from BlackRock funds over ESG drive, Reuters (5 de octobre 2022).
  67. ↑ Folmar, Chloe (2 de decembre 2022). Florida pulls $2B worth of investments from BlackRock over ESG investment after DeSantis resolution, The Hill.
  68. ↑ Florida to pull $2bn from BlackRock in spreading ESG backlash, Financial Times (1 de decembre 2022).
  69. ↑ Kerber, Ross (1 de decembre 2022). Florida pulls $2 bln from BlackRock in largest anti-ESG divestment, Reuters.
  70. ↑ BlackRock is 'blundering' in China—all the way to the bank (in anglese), Fortune (9 de septembre 2021).
  71. ↑ Chinese investors pour $1 billion into BlackRock's new fund, CNN (8 de septembre 2021).
  72. ↑ BlackRock's China unit raises $1 bln in maiden mutual fund (in anglese), Reuters (8 de septembre 2021).
  73. ↑ BlackRock responds to George Soros' criticism over China investments (in anglese), CNBC (8 de septembre 2021).
  74. ↑ Soros, George (6 de septembre 2021). Opinion: BlackRock's China Blunder, The Wall Street Journal.
  75. ↑ Rapoza, Kenneth (27 de octobre 2021). BlackRock's China Relationship Target In Nationwide Ad Campaign, Forbes.
  76. ↑ New Campaign Against 'Woke Companies' Slams Them for Not Being Woke Enough, Reason.com (19 de maio 2021).
  77. ↑ Nonprofit Warns Governors About BlackRock Retirement Funds' Chinese Investments (3 de decembre 2021).
  78. ↑ Suter, Tara (1 de augusto 2023). House China committee launches probe into investment firm BlackRock, The Hill.
  79. ↑ BlackRock, MSCI Face Congressional Probes for Facilitating China Investments (in American English), The Wall Street Journal (1 de augusto 2023).
  80. ↑ Quinn, Jimmy (3 de augusto 2023). House Committee: BlackRock Has Funneled over $429 Million to Blacklisted Chinese Firms (in American English).
  81. ↑ US firms channeled funds to blacklisted Chinese companies, says House panel, Reuters (18 de april 2024).
  82. ↑ Top US asset managers face scrutiny from Republican state AGs over China funds, Reuters (6 de februario 2025).
  83. ↑ Leslie P. Norton. BlackRock Is Biggest Beneficiary of Fed Purchases of Corporate Bond ETFs (Archivate 2021-01-16 al Wayback Machine), Barron's, 1 June 2020
  84. ↑ Richard Henderson and Robin Wigglesworth. Fed's big boost for BlackRock raises eyebrows on Wall Street (Archivate 2020-12-24 al Wayback Machine), Financial Times, 27 March 2020
  85. ↑ Richard Henderson and Robin Wigglesworth. BlackRock's growing clout carries risks for asset manager: Group faces increased scrutiny as central banks ask it to help run stimulus packages (Archivate 2021-01-04 al Wayback Machine), Financial Times, 30 April 2020
  86. 1 2 BlackRock trounces ETF rivals after Fed appointment, Financial Times (20 de maio 2020).
  87. ↑ New York Times 3/27/2020
  88. ↑ Cox, Jeff (20 de januario 2026). Bessent says Trump's pick for the next Fed chair could happen next week (in anglese).
Obtenite de “https://ia.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BlackRock&oldid=696154”