Pop music

Kiɗan pop, ko kuma kawai pop, nau'in kiɗa ne mai farin jini wanda ya samo asali daga salon zamani a tsakiyar shekarun 1950 a Amurka da Burtaniya. [1] A shekarun 1950 da 1960, wakokin pop sun ƙunshi waƙoƙin rock and roll da salon da suka shafi matasa. Wakokin rock da pop sun kasance iri ɗaya har zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1960, bayan haka pop ya zama alaƙa da kiɗan da ya fi kasuwanci, na ɗan lokaci, kuma mai sauƙin amfani. Abubuwan da ke gano wakokin pop galibi sun haɗa da maimaita waƙoƙi da ƙugiya, waƙoƙin gajeru zuwa matsakaici waɗanda aka rubuta a cikin tsari na asali (sau da yawa tsarin baiti-mawaka ), da kuma waƙoƙi ko saurin da za a iya rawa cikin sauƙi. Yawancin waƙoƙin pop suna kuma ɗaukar wasu abubuwa daga wasu salo kamar rock, hip-hop, urban, rawa, Latin, da country . Kalmomin kiɗan da aka fi sani da waƙar pop galibi ana amfani da su a musayar ra'ayi, domin na farko yana kwatanta duk waƙoƙin da aka yi niyya don jan hankalin jama'a (kwatanta kiɗan fasaha ) kuma ya ƙunshi salo daban-daban.

Ma'anoni da kuma tushen

David Hatch da Stephen Millward sun kwatanta wakokin pop a matsayin "wani rukuni na kiɗa wanda za a iya bambanta shi da wakokin da suka shahara, jazz, da na gargajiya". [1] David Boyle, wani mai bincike kan kiɗa, ya bayyana waƙar pop a matsayin kowace irin waƙa da mutum ya taɓa gani a kafofin watsa labarai. [2] Yawancin mutane suna tunanin cewa wakokin pop kawai jadawalin waƙoƙin mutum ɗaya ne ba jimlar duk waƙoƙin chart ba. Jadawalin waƙoƙin ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi daga tushe daban-daban, ciki har da waƙoƙin gargajiya, jazz, rock, da sabbin waƙoƙi . A matsayin wani nau'in kiɗan pop, ana ganin yana wanzuwa kuma yana haɓaka daban. [3] Saboda haka, ana iya amfani da kalmar "waƙar pop" don bayyana wani nau'in kiɗa na musamman, wanda aka tsara don jawo hankalin kowa, wanda galibi ana siffanta shi da "waƙar da aka yi ta hanyar aure nan take da nufin matasa" sabanin waƙar rock a matsayin "waƙar da aka yi ta hanyar kundin waƙoƙi ga manya". [4] [2]Waƙar pop tana bunƙasa tare da ma'anar kalmar. A cewar marubucin kiɗa Bill Lamb, ana fassara kiɗan da aka fi sani da "waƙar tun daga masana'antu a shekarun 1800 wadda ta fi dacewa da dandano da sha'awar matsakaicin birni." [1] An fara amfani da kalmar "waƙar pop" a shekarar 1926, a ma'anar wani waƙa "mai jan hankali". [2] Hatch da Millward sun nuna cewa abubuwa da yawa da suka faru a tarihin rikodi a shekarun 1920 ana iya ganin su a matsayin farkon masana'antar kiɗan pop ta zamani, gami da kiɗan ƙasa, blues, da hillbilly . [3]A cewar gidan yanar gizon The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, kalmar "pop music" "ta samo asali ne daga Birtaniya a tsakiyar shekarun 1950 a matsayin bayanin rock and roll da sabbin salon wakokin matasa da ta yi tasiri a kansu". [1] Littafin Oxford Dictionary of Music ya bayyana cewa yayin da "ma'anar farko ta pop tana nufin kade-kade masu jan hankali ga masu sauraro da yawa [...] tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1950, duk da haka, pop yana da ma'anar musamman ta musika marasa gargajiya, yawanci a cikin nau'in waƙoƙi, waɗanda masu fasaha kamar The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, ABBA, da sauransu suka yi." [2] Grove Music Online ya kuma ce "a farkon shekarun 1960, [kalmar] 'kiɗan pop' ta yi gogayya da kiɗan beat [a Ingila], yayin da a Amurka labaranta suka yi karo da (kamar yadda yake har yanzu) da na 'rock and roll ' . [1]Tun daga kusan shekarar 1967, kalmar "waƙar pop" ta ƙara yin amfani da ita wajen adawa da kalmar waƙar rock, wani ɓangare da ya ba da ma'ana ta gama gari ga kalmomin biyu. [1] Duk da cewa rock yana son sahihanci da faɗaɗa damar da ake da ita na waƙoƙin da aka fi so, [1] pop ya fi kasuwanci, na ɗan lokaci, kuma ana iya samunsa. [2] A cewar masanin kiɗan Birtaniya Simon Frith, ana shirya wakokin pop ne "a matsayin batun kasuwanci ba fasaha ba", kuma an "ƙera su ne don jawo hankalin kowa" amma "ba ya fito daga wani wuri ko kuma yana nuna wani dandano na musamman ba". Frith ya ƙara da cewa "ba wani babban buri bane ke haifar da shi sai dai riba da lada ta kasuwanci ... kuma, a fannin kiɗa, ainihin ra'ayin mazan jiya ne". Ana "bayar da shi daga sama (ta hanyar kamfanonin rikodin, masu shirye-shiryen rediyo, da masu tallata kade-kade) maimakon a yi shi daga ƙasa. ... Pop ba kiɗan da za a yi da kanka ba ne amma an ƙera shi kuma an shirya shi da kyau". [3]

Halaye

A cewar Frith, halayen wakokin pop sun haɗa da manufar jan hankalin jama'a, maimakon ga wani takamaiman al'ada ko akida, da kuma fifita sana'a maimakon halaye na "fasaha" na yau da kullun. [1] Bayan haka, Frith kuma yana bayar da halaye guda uku da ke gano wakokin pop: nishaɗin da ba su da sauƙi, abubuwan da suka shafi kasuwanci, da kuma gane mutum. Waƙoƙin pop sun samo asali ne daga wani abu mai sauƙi na nishaɗi da kuma al'ada mai sauƙin sauraro . [2] Wakokin pop sun fi ra'ayin mazan jiya fiye da sauran nau'ikan wakoki kamar na gargajiya, blues, country, da kuma al'ada. Yawancin waƙoƙin pop ba su ƙunshi jigogi na adawa, adawa, ko siyasa ba, maimakon haka suna mai da hankali kan soyayya da dangantaka. Saboda haka, wakokin pop ba sa ƙalubalantar masu sauraronsu a fannin zamantakewa, kuma ba sa haifar da fafutukar siyasa. Frith ya kuma ce babban manufar wakokin pop ita ce samar da kudaden shiga. Ba hanyar da mutane ke amfani da ita wajen isar da sako ba ce. Madadin haka, wakokin pop suna neman cimma tausayi nan take tare da halayen da aka saba gani, ra'ayoyi marasa tushe, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo mai jan hankali wanda ke jan hankalin masu sauraro. [2] Masanin kiɗa Timothy Warner ya ce kiɗan pop yawanci yana mai da hankali kan rikodi, samarwa, da fasaha, maimakon wasan kwaikwayo na kai tsaye; yanayin nuna yanayin da ake ciki maimakon ci gaba mai ci gaba ; kuma yana neman ƙarfafa rawa ko amfani da waƙoƙin da suka shafi rawa. [3]Babban hanyar da ake amfani da ita wajen yin waƙar pop ita ce waƙar, wadda take tsakanin mintuna biyu da rabi zuwa uku da rabi, wadda galibi take da tsari mai kyau da kuma tsari mai sauƙi na gargajiya. [1] Tsarin waƙoƙi da yawa da suka shahara shine na baiti da kuma waƙoƙin mawaƙa, ƙungiyar mawaƙa tana aiki a matsayin ɓangaren waƙar da aka tsara don ta makale a kunne ta hanyar maimaitawa cikin sauƙi ta hanyar kiɗa da waƙa. Sau da yawa waƙar tana zuwa ne a matsayin waƙa kuma sau da yawa ana yin ta ne kafin ta zama "digo" inda sassan bass da ganguna "suka faɗi". [2] Bambance-bambancen da aka saba gani sun haɗa da siffar waƙoƙin baiti da siffar sanduna talatin da biyu, tare da mai da hankali kan waƙoƙi da ƙugiya masu jan hankali, da kuma waƙa da ke bambanta waƙa, tsari da jituwa da baiti . [3] Waƙar da waƙoƙin suna da sauƙi, tare da ɗan gajeren rakiyar harmonic. [4] Kalmomin waƙoƙin pop na zamani galibi suna mai da hankali ne kan jigogi masu sauƙi. - sau da yawa soyayya da dangantaka ta soyayya – kodayake akwai wasu keɓantattun abubuwa. [5]Sau da yawa, ci gaban jituwa da waƙoƙin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin waƙoƙin pop suna "na salon magana na gargajiya na Turai, amma sun fi sauƙi." [1] Waƙoƙin da aka fi sani da Clichés sun haɗa da jituwa irin ta salon aski (watau ii – V – I) da jituwa mai tasiri ga sikelin blues . [2] An samu raguwar tasirin ra'ayoyin gargajiya na da'irar biyar tsakanin tsakiyar shekarun 1950 da ƙarshen shekarun 1970, gami da ƙarancin rinjaye ga aikin da ya fi rinjaye . [3]A watan Oktoba na 2023, Billboard ya tattara jerin "mafi kyawun waƙoƙin pop 500". A yin haka, sun lura da wahalar bayyana "waƙoƙin pop":

Ci gaba da tasiri

A shekarun 1940, ingantaccen ƙirar makirufo ya ba da damar yin salon waƙa mafi kusanci, kuma, bayan shekaru goma ko ashirin, rikodin rpm 45 masu araha kuma masu ɗorewa ga marasa aure "ya kawo sauyi kan yadda aka yaɗa waƙar pop", wanda ya taimaka wajen mayar da waƙar pop zuwa "tsarin rikodin/rediyo/tauraron fina-finai". [1] Wani sauyi a fasaha shi ne yawan talabijin a shekarun 1950 tare da shirye-shiryen talabijin, wanda ke nufin cewa "taurarin pop dole ne su kasance suna da gani". [1] A shekarun 1960, gabatar da rediyon transistor mai araha da sauƙin ɗauka yana nufin cewa matasa a ƙasashen da suka ci gaba za su iya sauraron kiɗa a wajen gida. [1] A farkon shekarun 1980, haɓaka tashoshin talabijin na kiɗa sun yi tasiri sosai ga ci gaban waƙoƙin pop, ciki har da MTV, wanda "ya fifita waɗannan mawakan kamar Michael Jackson da Madonna waɗanda ke da kyakkyawan kyan gani". [1]An kuma yi amfani da rikodin waƙoƙi da yawa (daga shekarun 1960) da kuma samfurin dijital (daga shekarun 1980) a matsayin hanyoyin ƙirƙira da kuma fayyace waƙoƙin pop. [1] A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, wakokin pop sun yi ta yaɗa sabbin sautuka, salo, da dabarun da suka zaburar da tattaunawa tsakanin masu sauraronsu. An yi amfani da kalmar "ci gaba" akai-akai, kuma an yi tunanin cewa kowace waƙa da waƙa za su zama "ci gaba" daga ƙarshe. [2] Mai sukar kiɗa Simon Reynolds ya rubuta cewa tun daga shekarar 1967, akwai rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin "pop mai ci gaba" da "mass/chart", rabuwar da ta kasance "wani abu da ya kasance, a fakaice, tsakanin samari da 'yan mata, masu matsakaicin matsayi da kuma masu aiki." [3]Rabin ƙarshen ƙarni na 20 ya haɗa da wani babban yanayi a al'adun Amurka wanda iyakokin da ke tsakanin fasaha da kiɗan pop suka ƙara dusashewa. [1] Tsakanin 1950 da 1970, an yi muhawara kan fasahar pop da fasaha. [2] Tun daga lokacin, wasu wallafe-wallafen kiɗa sun rungumi sahihancin waƙar, wani yanayi da ake kira " poptimism ". [2]

Juyin Halittar Salo

A duk lokacin da aka haɓaka ta, waƙar pop ta sha tasirin wasu nau'ikan waƙoƙin da suka shahara. Wakokin pop na farko sun yi kama da na gargajiya, wanda ya yi kama da na Jamus Schlager da Chanson na Faransa, amma idan aka kwatanta da na ƙasashen Turai, wakokin pop na gargajiya sun fi mayar da hankali kan tasirin da suka shafi rubuce-rubucen waƙoƙin Tin Pan Alley, wasan kwaikwayo na Broadway, da waƙoƙin nuni . Yayin da nau'in ya bunƙasa, ƙarin tasirin da suka kama daga na gargajiya, na gargajiya, na rock, na ƙasa, kiɗan lantarki, da sauran nau'ikan waƙoƙin da suka shahara sun ƙara bayyana. A shekarar 2016, wani bincike da aka gudanar kan rahotannin kimiyya wanda ya binciki sama da rikodin waƙoƙi 464,000 da aka yi rikodi tsakanin 1955 da 2010 ya gano cewa, idan aka kwatanta da waƙoƙin pop na shekarun 1960, waƙoƙin pop na zamani suna amfani da ƙananan nau'ikan ci gaban sautin murya, matsakaicin girma, [1] ƙarancin fasahar amfani da kayan aiki da rikodi, da ƙarancin bambancin sautin murya. [2] John Matson, masanin kimiyyar Amurka ' ya ruwaito cewa wannan "da alama yana goyon bayan abin da aka lura da shi na cewa wakokin pop na da sun "fi kyau", ko kuma aƙalla sun bambanta, fiye da manyan waƙoƙi 40 na yau." Duk da haka, ya kuma lura cewa binciken bai wakilci pop gaba ɗaya a cikin kowace tsara ba. [2]A shekarun 1960, yawancin manyan wakokin pop sun faɗi cikin rukuni biyu: ƙungiyoyin guitar, ganguna da bass ko mawaƙa waɗanda ƙungiyar makaɗa ta gargajiya ke goyon baya. [1] Tun daga farkon shekarun nan, ya zama ruwan dare ga masu shirya waƙoƙin pop, mawakan waƙa, da injiniyoyi su yi gwaji da salon kiɗa, waƙoƙin kade-kade, reverb na halitta, da sauran tasirin sauti. Wasu daga cikin misalan da aka fi sani sune Bangon Sauti na Phil Spector da kuma amfani da tasirin sauti na lantarki na gida na Joe Meek don ayyukan kamar Tornados . [2] A lokaci guda, waƙar pop a rediyo da kuma a cikin fina-finan Amurka da Birtaniya sun ƙaura daga Tin Pan Alley mai kyau zuwa rubutun waƙa mai ban mamaki da kuma haɗa gitar lantarki mai cike da maimaita magana, igiyoyin symphonic, da ƙaho waɗanda ƙungiyoyin mawaƙan studio suka tsara kuma suka yi gwaji da kyau suka buga. [3] Wani bincike da Jami'ar New York ta gudanar a shekarar 2019, inda mahalarta 643 suka sanya wakokin pop da suka saba da su a matsayin waƙoƙin da suka fi shahara, waƙoƙin shekarun 1960 sun zama mafi ban sha'awa, fiye da waƙoƙin da aka yi a shekarun baya-bayan nan daga 2000 zuwa 2015. [4]Kafin mawakan zamani na ƙarshen shekarun 1960, masu wasan kwaikwayo ba sa iya yanke shawara kan abubuwan da suka shafi fasaha a cikin waƙoƙinsu. [1] Tare da taimakon ci gaban tattalin arziki na tsakiyar shekarun 1960, kamfanonin rikodin sun fara saka hannun jari a cikin masu fasaha, suna ba su 'yancin yin gwaji, da kuma ba su iko mai iyaka kan abubuwan da suke ciki da tallan su. [1] Wannan yanayi ya ragu bayan ƙarshen shekarun 1970 kuma ba zai sake bayyana ba har sai taurarin Intanet sun bayyana. [1] Waƙar Indie pop, wadda ta samo asali a ƙarshen shekarun 1970, ta sake bambanta da kyawun waƙar pop ta zamani, inda ƙungiyoyin guitar suka kafa bisa ga ra'ayin da aka yi a wancan lokacin cewa mutum zai iya yin rikodi da fitar da waƙoƙinsa ba tare da samun kwangilar rikodi daga babban kamfani ba. [2]Ana tunawa da shekarun 1980 saboda karuwar amfani da rikodin dijital, wanda ke da alaƙa da amfani da synthesizers, tare da kiɗan synth-pop da sauran nau'ikan kayan lantarki waɗanda ke ɗauke da kayan kida marasa gargajiya suna ƙaruwa sosai. [1] Zuwa shekarar 2014, wakokin pop a duk duniya sun shiga cikin waƙoƙin rawa na lantarki . A shekarar 2018, masu bincike a Jami'ar California, Irvine, sun kammala da cewa wakokin pop sun zama "masu bakin ciki" tun daga shekarun 1980. Daga ƙarshe an maye gurbin abubuwan farin ciki da haske da waƙoƙin lantarki waɗanda suka sa kiɗan pop ya zama 'abin baƙin ciki amma mai rawa'. [2]Yaɗuwar ƙasa da ƙasa da kuma yaduwar ƙwayoyin cutaMasana'antar kiɗan Amurka da (tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1960) na Burtaniya sun mamaye wakokin pop, waɗanda tasirinsu ya sanya waƙar pop ta zama al'adar ƙasa da ƙasa ɗaya, amma yawancin yankuna da ƙasashe suna da nasu nau'in waƙar pop, wanda wani lokacin yana samar da nau'ikan salon gargajiya na gida, kuma yana ba su halaye na gida. [1] Wasu daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru (misali Europop ) sun yi tasiri sosai kan ci gaban nau'in. [2]A cewar Grove Music Online, "Salon wakokin pop da aka samo daga Yamma, ko suna rayuwa tare da ko kuma suna ware nau'ikan waƙoƙi na gida daban-daban, sun bazu ko'ina cikin duniya kuma sun zama abubuwan da suka zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin al'adun kiɗan kasuwanci na duniya". [1] Wasu ƙasashen da ba na Yamma ba, kamar Japan, sun haɓaka masana'antar kiɗan pop mai bunƙasa, wanda yawancinsu aka keɓe su ga salon waƙar pop na Yamma. Japan ta shafe shekaru da dama tana samar da adadi mai yawa na kiɗa fiye da ko'ina sai Amurka. [2] An fassara yaɗuwar waƙoƙin pop na salon Yamma daban-daban a matsayin wakiltar hanyoyin Amurkawa, haɗin kai, zamani, kerawa, mulkin mallaka na al'adu, ko kuma wani tsari na duniya baki ɗaya. [1]Ɗaya daga cikin salon wakokin pop da suka bunƙasa tare da sauran salon wakokin shine Latin pop, wanda ya shahara a Amurka a shekarun 1950 tare da nasarar farko ta wakokin rock and roll Ritchie Valens . [1] Daga baya, waƙoƙin Los Lobos da Chicano rock sun shahara a shekarun 1970 da 1980, kuma mawaƙiya Selena ta sami karɓuwa sosai a shekarun 1980 da 1990, tare da jan hankalin magoya bayan mawakan Tejano Lydia Mendoza da Little Joe . Da yake daga baya 'yan Hispanic da Latino Amurkawa sun ga nasara a cikin jadawalin waƙoƙin pop, nasarorin pop na shekarun 1990 sun ci gaba da shahara a cikin nau'ikan waƙoƙin pop na asali da kuma a cikin manyan waƙoƙin pop. [2] Wakokin waƙoƙin Latin pop, kamar " Macarena " na Los del Río da " Despacito " na Luis Fonsi, sun sami nasara mai ban mamaki a jadawalin waƙoƙin pop na duniya. [3]

ƙarni na 21

A farkon shekarun 2000, yanayin da ya mamaye a ƙarshen shekarun 1990 ya ci gaba da ci gaba, amma masana'antar kiɗa ta fara canzawa yayin da mutane suka fara saukar da kiɗa daga intanet. Mutane sun sami damar gano nau'ikan waƙoƙi da masu fasaha waɗanda ba sa cikin tsarin yau da kullun kuma suka jawo su shahara, amma a lokaci guda ƙananan mawaka sun sha wahala wajen samun abin rayuwa saboda ana satar kiɗan su. [1] Shahararrun mawakan sune Avril Lavigne, Justin Timberlake, NSYNC, Christina Aguilera, Destiny's Child, da Britney Spears . Wakokin pop sau da yawa suna fitowa ne daga nau'o'i daban-daban, inda kowanne nau'i ke tasiri ga na gaba, yana ɓata layukan da ke tsakaninsu kuma yana sa su zama ba a saba gani ba. An nuna wannan sauyi a cikin kundin waƙoƙin Spears mai tasiri sosai na 2007 mai suna Blackout, wanda ƙarƙashin rinjayar furodusa Danja, ya haɗa sautunan EDM, avant-funk, R&B, kiɗan rawa, da hip-hop . [2]A shekarar 2010, wakokin pop da wakokin rawa suka shafa sun zama ruwan dare a jadawalin. Maimakon rediyo ta kafa sabbin abubuwa, yanzu ta zama kulob. A farkon shekarun 2010, Will.i.am ya ce, "Sabuwar kumfa ita ce dukkan ƙungiyoyin gama gari a faɗin duniya. Rediyo yana yin iya ƙoƙarinsa don ci gaba da kasancewa tare." [1] Waƙoƙin da suka yi magana game da tserewa ta hanyar liyafa sun zama mafi shahara, waɗanda suka yi tasiri ga sha'awar manta da matsalolin tattalin arziki a lokacin Babban Koma bayan Tattalin Arziki ; wannan salon waƙar pop yanzu ana kiransa pop na koma bayan tattalin arziki . [2] A cikin shekarun 2010, yawancin waƙoƙin pop sun fara ɗaukar wasu daga cikin waƙoƙin pop ɗin . An shahara da shi ta hanyar masu fasaha kamar Lana Del Rey [3], Justin Bieber, Adele, Ariana Grande, da Lorde [4] a farkon shekarun 2010 kuma daga baya ya zaburar da wasu mawaka masu tasiri, ciki har da Billie Eilish da Taylor Swift, [5] hakan ya ba da damar yin wani yanayi mai ban tausayi da ban haushi a cikin wakokin pop.A shekarun 2020, waƙar mawakin pop na Kanada mai suna " Blinding Lights ", ta zama babbar waƙar da ta shahara a cikin shekaru goma, inda ta kai matsayi na farko a cikin manyan waƙoƙi 100 masu zafi ' Billboard, inda ta zarce " The Twist " na Chubby Checker . Haka kuma ta karya tarihin waƙar farko da ta kai biliyan biyar a dandalin yaɗa waƙoƙin Spotify, inda ta zama waƙar da aka fi kallo a tarihin wannan dandali. Wannan ya haifar da nasara daga wakokin pop da suka mamaye wasu dandamali na yaɗa shirye-shirye ciki har da Spotify, Apple Music da YouTube Music, tare da sauran mawaka, waɗanda suka haɗa da Taylor Swift, Drake, Ariana Grande da Olivia Rodrigo .

Duba kuma

Sanya Sakin layi • Laƙabi masu daraja a cikin waƙoƙin da aka fi so

• Asalin rock and roll

• Shahararriyar koyarwar kiɗa

• Jerin nau'ikan kiɗa da salonsu

Salo na waƙoƙin pop

• Tarihin kiɗa

• Waƙar jama'a

•Jerin manyan kasuwannin kiɗa da aka yi rikodi .

• Nau'in kiɗa

• Shahararriyar fasaha.

•

• Fasahar Pop