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Kogin Ribble

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Kogin Ribble
General information
Tsawo121 km
Labarin ƙasa
Map
Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa53°45′N 2°46′W / 53.75°N 2.77°W / 53.75; -2.77
KasaBirtaniya
TerritoryNorth Yorkshire (en) Fassara
Hydrography (en) Fassara
Tributary (en) Fassara
River mouth (en) FassaraIrish Sea (en) Fassara

Kogin Ribble wani kogi ne wanda ke gudana ta Arewacin Yorkshire da koma Lancashire a Arewacin Ingila . Yana da tsawon kusan kilomita 75 (kilomita 121) daga asalinsa kusa da Selside a Ribblesdale zuwa bakin kogin Irish.

Daga asalinsa, Ribble yana gudana a cikin kudu da ya wuce Settle, sannan ya juya kudu maso yamma kusa da Gisburn kuma yana gudana ta Clitheroe, Ribchester da Preston. Bakinsa yana kan Tekun Irish tsakanin Lytham St Annes da Southport . Yankunansa sun hada da Hodder da Calder, waɗanda suka haɗu da kogi ƙasa da mil 1 (1.6 kilomita) a nesa da Whalley a Lancashire; Darwen, wanda ya haɗu a Walton-le-Dale; da Douglas, wanda ya shiga kusa da Bankin Hesketh. Ribble ita ce kawai babbar kogi da ke tasowa a Yorkshire wanda ke gudana zuwa yamma.

Kogin Ribble yana da muhimmancin muhalli. Ya zama wani ɓangare na Ribble da Alt Estuaries Ramsar site [1] da Ribble da Alto Estuaries Special Protection Area (SPA). [2] Har ila yau, an haɗa kogin a cikin Yankin Kula da Ruwa na Ribble (MCZ), Yankin Ribble Estuary na Musamman na Kimiyya (SSSI), da kuma Yankin Yankin Ribbles.[3][4][5]

Magana

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Sunan Ribble na iya zama tsari na Brittonic.[6] Abu na biyu shine sunan *pol, tare da ma'ana ciki har da "puddle, tafki, upland-stream" (Welsh pwll). [6] Na farko shine rö-, prefix mai zurfi, tare da sunaye ma'anar "babban" (Welsh rhy-, Cornish re-). [6]

Ribble na iya kasancewa sananne a matsayin *Bremetonā-, wanda ke haifar da sunan Bremetenacum, sansanin Romawa a Ribchester . [6] An haɗa shi a nan shine tushen Brittonic *breμ-, ma'ana "dariya" (cf. Welsh brefu), [6] kamar yadda aka lura a sunayen kogin Breamish a Northumberland, [6] Braan a Scotland da Brefi a Wales.[6]

Tarihi

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Abubuwan Neolithic zuwa Saxon da aka gano daga Kogin Ribble yayin kirkirar Preston Docks da sauransu sun nuna cewa mutum ya kasance a yankin na dogon lokaci. Kogin Ribble ya bambanta gaba ɗaya a lokacin kuma iyakar bakin teku mai yiwuwa ta kasance a cikin ƙasa fiye da yadda yake a yanzu inda aka dawo da ƙasa kuma marsh ɗin ya faɗaɗa zuwa cikin Kogin Ribbles saboda lalacewa.

Ribble zai bayyana cewa an san shi a zamanin Roman a matsayin Belisama, mai yiwuwa ya ba da sunansa ga Samlesbury. "Belisama aest" na Ptolemy da alama yana wakiltar bakin kogin Ribble. Bremetennacum wani sansanin soja ne na Romawa wanda ke kula da hanyar ƙetare kogi a Ribchester . An gano ragowar wani shafin Roman a Walton-le-Dale a tsakiyar karni na 19.

An gano Cuerdale Hoard, mafi girman kayan azurfa na Viking da aka taɓa samu a waje da Rasha a cikin 1840 a gefen kudancin kogin, a Cuerdale kusa da Preston . Yayinda aka samo azurfa na Mitton Hoard a kusa da inda wannan kogi ya haɗu da Kogin Hodder a cikin 2009.

A wani lokaci Ribble ya nuna iyakar arewacin tsohuwar masarautar Mercia . [7] A lokacin Domesday Book, kogin ya zama iyakar arewacin wani yanki na ƙasa (wanda aka sani da Inter Ripam da Mersam) wanda aka haɗa shi a cikin bayanan Domesday na Cheshire, kodayake mai yiwuwa ba a cikin gundumar Cheshire ba. [8][9]

Magoya bayan Cistercian ne suka kafa Sawley Abbey a cikin 1147, a wani karkata a cikin kogi. An yi tunanin cewa 'yan majami'a sun gina wani weir don samar da tseren niƙa wanda ke ba da wutar lantarki ga niƙa masara a cikin yankin abbey.

Brungerley Weir kusa da Waddow Hall .

Bayan da aka ci shi a Yaƙin Hexham a cikin 1464 (a lokacin Yaƙe-yaƙe na Roses), Sarki Henry VI ya ɓoye a gidaje da yawa na magoya bayansa. Kadan fiye da shekara guda bayan haka ya kasance a Waddington Hall a Waddton . A ranar 13 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1465, wani rukuni na Yorkists, ciki har da ɗan'uwan mai mallakar, sun isa zauren don kama shi. Da yake tserewa cikin dazuzzuka da ke kusa, an kama Henry ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya haye kogi a tsoffin duwatsu a Brungerley .

A kusa da shekara ta 1785, an gina babban weir a fadin kogi, dan kadan a cikin Waddow Hall, don samar da ruwa ga ma'aikatar auduga a Low Moor. Shafin ya dogara da wutar lantarki har zuwa rufewa a kusa da 1930, kodayake ƙafafun ruwa a hankali sun ba da damar Turbines na ruwa kuma an kara su da injunan tururi.[10]

A cikin shekara ta 2009, an gina tashar wutar lantarki ta Archimedean a Settle weir kusa da Bridge End Mill. An gina shi ne don kamfani mallakar al'umma, Settle Hydro, shafin ya fara aiki a ƙarshen shekara. Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun 2024, janareta ya samar da kWh miliyan 1.2 na wutar lantarki.[11]

An gina Samlesbury Weir a cikin shekarun 1970s a matsayin tashar ma'aunin ruwa ta hanyar hukumomin ruwa na gida don manufar auna ƙananan ruwa a kan Kogin Ribble. Tsarin daga baya ya zama mara amfani. A cikin 2020 an cire shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin sabunta kogi da aka nufa don kara yawan halittu da kuma sauƙaƙe wucewar kyauta na nau'in kifi masu ƙaura, gami da salmon, smelt da eels.[12][13]

Yanayin ƙasa

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Ƙarfin Stainforth

Ribble ya fara ne a wurin haɗuwa Gayle Beck da Batty Wife Beck kusa da viaduct a Ribblehead, a cikin inuwa na Yorkshire Three Peaks. Ita ce kawai babbar kogi da ke tasowa a Yorkshire wanda ke gudana zuwa yamma. Yana gudana ta hanyar Settle, Clitheroe, Ribchester da Preston, kafin ya shiga cikin Tekun Irish tsakanin Lytham St Annes da Southport, tsawon mil 75 (kilomita 121). Babban maɓuɓɓugarsa sune Hodder da Calder waɗanda suka haɗu da kogi kusa da Great Mitton, Kogin Darwen wanda ya haɗu a Walton-le-Dale da Kogin Douglas wanda ya haɗuwa kusa da Bankin Hesketh.

Sama da Hellifield kwarin kogin an san shi da Ribblesdale .

Hanyar Ribble hanya ce mai nisa wacce ke bin kogi don yawancin tafiyarsa. Kogin yana da alaƙa da Leeds da Liverpool Canal da Lancaster Canal (ta hanyar Ribble Link). Kogin da ke ƙasa da Preston an haƙa shi sosai lokacin da Preston ya kasance tashar jiragen ruwa mai aiki; wannan ba a sake yin shi ba kuma yaduwa daga kogin yanzu yana yaduwa a kan rairayin bakin teku (sand) a kusa da St Annes">Fairhaven da St Annes.

Koginsa mai faɗin kilomita 10 (16 ya zama wani ɓangare na Ribble da Alt Estuaries Special Protection Area for wildlife. Matsakaicin tsuntsayen ruwa 340,000 a cikin hunturu a cikin bakin teku yana mai da shi mafi mahimmancin wuri mai laushi a Burtaniya. Ribble kuma muhimmiyar wurin kiwo ce ga Salmon na Atlantic da ke cikin haɗari.[7]

Mutane miliyan 1.25 suna zaune a yankin Ribble.[7]

Tsarin ruwa da hanyoyin ruwa

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Yankin Tushen Ruwa na al'ada (NTL) na kogin yana a Fishwick Bottoms, tsakanin Preston da Walton-le-Dale, mil 11 (18 daga teku.[7] Kogin Ribble yana da raƙuman ruwa na uku mafi girma a Ingila, tare da raƙummai da ke gudana a 4 knots (5 mph; 7 km/h) mph; 7 km / h) da kewayon raƙuman raƙuman ƙasa a bakin kogin na 9 metres (30 ft) a lokacin raƙuman bazara.

A tidal bore wave moves along the River Ribble between the entrance to the river Douglas and Preston.
Ruwa ya tashi a kan Ribble, tsakanin Kogin Douglas da Preston

The estuary is strongly flood-dominant. At Preston the flood tide lasts approximately 2.5 hours compared with an ebb duration of around 10 hours, and peak flood velocities exceed those of the ebb. On spring tides, a tidal bore can travel upstream as far as Preston Dock at speeds of approximately 4 knots (5 mph; 7 km/h).[14] The bore's wave height at Hutton Sands can be 3 feet (0.91 m) and decreases as it travels further up-river.[ana buƙatar hujja]

A kan Kogin Ribble, ruwan da ke gudana yana aiki ne a matsayin "gaba," na hydrodynamic wanda ke nuna sauyawa daga tsawo mai zurfi zuwa ambaliyar ruwa. Yayinda Tekun Irish ya tashi sama da sa'o'i shida, ƙarancin ganuwar horo na ƙarni na 19 ya sa hawan ruwa ya zama mai yawa, yana matse lokacin ambaliyar a Preston zuwa kusan minti 90. Rashin yawanci ya isa iyakar ruwa na minti 60-90 Kifi Babban Ruwa; kodayake guguwar da ake gani sau da yawa tana ɓacewa sosai kafin ta kai ga sandstone a Fishwick, isowarta tana ba da ƙarfin hydraulic wanda ke fitar da halin yanzu a kan kwararar da ke akwai. Wannan yana kula da halayyar kogin "daga lokaci", inda halin yanzu ke ci gaba da gudana cikin ƙasa koda bayan matakin ruwa na tsaye ya kai matsakaicin tsawo.

A bakin bakin kogin, kusa da Lytham St Annes, sake zagayowar ruwa yana bin daidaitattun ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa, tare da ambaliyar ruwa da lokacin raguwa kusan daidai. Koyaya, yayin da hawan ruwa ke tafiya mil 15 (24 a cikin ƙasa zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Preston da bayan haka, yana canzawa zuwa ƙuƙwalwar saw-tooth.

Wani abu mai mahimmanci na wannan karkatarwa a iyakar ruwa shine Babban Ruwa, "dutse mai tsaye" inda matakin ruwa ya kasance a tsaye a matsakaicin tsawo na minti 45-60. Wannan tsayawa yawanci ya kai kusan mil daya daga cikin ruwa daga iyakar ruwa a Fishwick Bottoms, inda dutsen sandstone mai tasowa ya haifar da tasirin "ruwa" na ruwa. A wannan lokacin, tsawo na tsaye da kwarara na kwance ba su da wani lokaci; ambaliyar ruwa na iya ci gaba da gudana sama saboda karfin hydraulic ko da bayan "Stand" na tsaye ya fara. Kodayake matakin ruwa ya daina tashi, wannan ci gaba da shigowa yana haifar da "haɗuwa ta kwarara," inda ƙarfin ruwa mai shigowa ya ɓace akan girman ruwa mai dawowa. Wannan yana haifar da dogon lokaci na Ruwa mai laushi (na yanzu mai saurin gaske) wanda zai iya ɗaukar kusan awa ɗaya a iyakar ruwa, idan aka kwatanta da ɗan gajeren canjin minti 15 da aka lura a bakin tekun.

Tun lokacin da kogin Ribble ya daina, kogin yana cike da yashi kuma yana haɓaka hanyar da ke motsawa, dangane da raƙuman ruwa da kogin kogin. Bugu da kari, yawancin masu ba da gudummawa suna gudana cikin babban tashar ciki har da Savick Brook / Ribble Link, yayin da Kogin Douglas, yana da tasiri sosai a kan jigilar turɓaya da hydrodynamics na bakin teku.[15]

Jirgin Sama na zamani

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Bayan rufe tashar jiragen ruwa ta Preston zuwa zirga-zirgar kasuwanci a cikin 1981, kewayawa a kan Kogin Ribble ya sauya zuwa nishaɗi da amfani da nishaɗi da iyakantaccen isar da kasuwanci.[16][17]

Kogin yana gabatar da manyan ƙalubale saboda yanayin macro-tidal, wanda ke nuna raƙuman ruwa 4 da na uku mafi girma a Ingila. Tun lokacin da aka dakatar da harkar kasuwanci a farkon shekarun 1980, tashar ta fara cikawa da laka kuma sake kafa hanyar da ke yawo, yana sa kewayawa ta dogara sosai da windows na ruwa mai zurfi Millennium Ribble Link yana ba da haɗin zamani mai mahimmanci, yana ba da damar jirgin ruwa na ciki don tsallaka Ribble don isa tsarin tashar da aka raba a baya.[18][19][20][21]

Tekun Irish zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Preston

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Gudun ruwa daga Tekun Irish zuwa tsohon tashar jiragen ruwa na Preston (yanzu Preston Marina) yana buƙatar bin ka'idoji da kuma lokutan ruwa saboda sauyawa yashi da kasancewar ganuwar horo a cikin ruwa.[22]

Gut Buoy (53° 42.45' N, 03° 04.30' W) alama ce ta sauyawa daga bakin teku na waje zuwa ga karamin tashar "Gut", yana aiki a matsayin ƙofar teku zuwa ga hanyar da aka ƙuntata ta bangon horo na dutse.

Hanyar Hanyar Hadin Gida

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Millennium Ribble Link yana ba da hanyar tafiya tsakanin Leeds da Liverpool Canal (ta hanyar Kogin Douglas) da Lancaster Canal (ta wurin Savick Brook). [23]

Gudanar da ƙetarewar ruwa ana jagorantar ta Asland Lamp (ma'aunin kilomita 5), wanda ake amfani dashi azaman ma'anar kewayawa a cikin umarnin sashi don Ribble Link .

Hanyar wucewa

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Akwai gadar a Edisford, Clitheroe a cikin 1339. Ba a san shekarun gadar sandstone ta yanzu ba, amma sassan suna dauke da siffofi da ke nuna cewa suna iya kasancewa zuwa ƙarshen zamanin da. Babbar Ribchester ta yanzu ta kasance daga shekara ta 1774. Ya maye gurbin wanda aka gina a shekara ta 1669, wanda kuma yana da wanda ya riga shi na shekarun da ba a sani ba.

Shaidar gada tsakanin Preston da Walton-le-Dale ta faru ne a cikin wani aiki a farkon karni na 13. An gina gadar dutse a farkon 1400s, mai yiwuwa a yammacin Walton Bridge na yanzu wanda aka kammala a 1781. Har zuwa 1755 wannan ita ce kawai gada a kan Ribble a Preston . An kammala yunkurin farko na gina gada kai tsaye zuwa Penwortham a cikin 1755, kawai don rushewa a shekara mai zuwa. An buɗe Tsohon gadar Penwortham a cikin 1759 don maye gurbin ta. A cikin 1802 Kamfanin Lancaster Canal ya kammala gadar katako don sauƙaƙe Hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta wucin gadi don haɗa ɓangarorin biyu na tashar. Ba a kammala ɓangaren da ya ɓace ba kuma, kodayake an canza shi sosai, Old Tram Bridge da ba a amfani da shi ba har yanzu yana tsaye a yau.

manazarta

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  1. ↑ "Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS): Ribble and Alt Estuaries" (PDF). Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Retrieved 2026-03-23.
  2. ↑ "Ribble and Alt Estuaries" (PDF). Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Retrieved 2026-03-23.
  3. ↑ "Marine Conservation Zones: Ribble Estuary". Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs; Joint Nature Conservation Committee; Natural England. 2019-05-31. Retrieved 2026-03-23.
  4. ↑ "Ribble Estuary SSSI / Ribble & Alt SPA Intertidal sediments condition monitoring (IPENS022)". Natural England. 2015-09-04. Retrieved 2026-03-23.
  5. ↑ "Ribble Estuary National Nature Reserve: changes to site area and management". Natural England. 2020-12-09. Retrieved 2026-03-23.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 James, Alan. "A Guide to the Place-Name Evidence" (PDF). SPNS – The Brittonic Language in the Old North. Retrieved 13 October 2019.
  7. 1 2 3 4 "River Ribble Factsheet (pdf file)" (PDF). Mersey Basin Campaign Official Website. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  8. ↑ Harris and Thacker (1987). write on page 252:
  9. ↑ Crosby, A. (1996). writes on page 31:
  10. ↑ Ashmore, Owen (1963–1964). "Low Moor, Clitheroe: A Nineteenth-Century Factory Community". Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society. Manchester. 73–74: 125–128, 132–133, 138.
  11. ↑ "Settle Hydro – A pioneering, community-owned, hydroelectric scheme". Settle Hydro Limited.
  12. ↑ "Work has started to remove Samlesbury Weir on the River Ribble". Blog Preston. 2 May 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2026.
  13. ↑ "Samlesbury Weir, Ribble River, UK". Dam Removal Europe. Retrieved 18 March 2026.
  14. ↑ Eccles, J. "Ribble Pilot" (PDF). Preston Marina. p. 16. Retrieved 18 March 2026.
  15. ↑ "A Vertically Resolving Model Of Sediment And Radionuclide Transport For The Ribble Estuary". 18 October 2007. Archived from the original on 18 October 2007. Retrieved 2 April 2018.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  16. ↑ "How time was called on Preston Docks". Lancashire Evening Post. 2 November 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2026.
  17. ↑ "Preston Docks closure as huge electrical transformer being delivered". Blog Preston. 12 August 2024. Retrieved 18 March 2026.
  18. ↑ "The River Ribble and it's tributaries". Ribble Rivers Trust. Retrieved 2026-04-09.
  19. ↑ van der Wal, D.; Pye, K.; Neal, A. (2002). "Long-term morphological change in the Ribble Estuary, northwest England". Marine Geology. 189 (3–4): 249–266. doi:10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00476-0.
  20. ↑ "Ribble Link". Canal & River Trust. Retrieved 2026-04-09.
  21. ↑ "Ribble Link". Inland Waterways Association. Retrieved 2026-04-09.
  22. ↑ Eccles, J. "The Ribble Pilot: Sailing Directions for the River Ribble to Preston Marina" (PDF). Preston Marina. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
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