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矢

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 失, 先, and 笶
矢 U+77E2, 矢
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77E2
← 矡
[U+77E1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 矣 →
[U+77E3]

⽮ U+2F6E, ⽮
KANGXI RADICAL ARROW
← ⽭
[U+2F6D] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽯ →
[U+2F6F]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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See images of
Radical 111 矢

矢 (Kangxi radical 111, 矢+0, 5 strokes, Cangjie input 人大 (OK), four-corner 80430, composition ⿱𠂉大 or ⿰㇒天)

  1. Kangxi radical #111, ⽮.

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

See also

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  • 弓, 疑
  • 至, which in early writing resembles 矢 pointing downward to the ground.

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 823, character 34
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23929
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1235, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2580, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+77E2

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 矢

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 矢
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (矢) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
彘 *l'eds
璏 *l'eds, *ɢʷleds, *ɢʷled
薙 *l̥ʰiːs, *ljiʔ, *l'iʔ
知 *ʔl'e
蜘 *te
智 *ʔl'es
鼅 *te
潪 *teɡs, *deɡ
踟 *de
雉 *l'iʔ
矢 *hliʔ
痴 *l̥ʰɯ

Pictogram (象形) – an arrow. More recognizable in older forms. Compare 畀 and 至. See also the bottom component of 睪 and the original versions of 弗 and 𢦏.

Etymology 1

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arrow
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tV-lij (“bow (weapon); slingshot”), with metonymic semantic shift from "bow" to "arrow"; cognate with Burmese လေး (le:, “bow; crossbow”), Mizo li (“spring (as of gun, watch, etc.)”), Japhug tɯdi (“bow”), zdi (“arrow”), Tangut 𘎗 (*lhjɨ̣¹, “bow”), 𗮆 (*ljị¹, “arrow”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2013; Jacques, 2014; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019).
to swear, to vow
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From sense "arrow"?”)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 矢
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 脂 (17)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 式視切
Baxter syijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕˠiɪX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕᵚiX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕiɪX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕjiX/
Li
Rong 		/ɕjiX/
Wang
Li 		/ɕiX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɕiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		si2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 矢
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ syijX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥i[j]ʔ/
English arrow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 矢
Reading # 1/1
No. 11504
Phonetic
component 		矢
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		矢
Old
Chinese 		/*hliʔ/

Definitions

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矢

  1. (Classical, archery, weaponry) arrow
  2. to vow; to swear
Synonyms
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  • (arrow):
Dialectal synonyms of 箭 (“arrow”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 箭, 矢
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 箭
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 箭
Singapore 箭
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 箭
Xi'an 箭
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 箭
Cantonese Hong Kong 箭
Taishan 箭
Gan Nanchang 箭
Eastern Min Fuzhou 箭
Southern Min Tainan 箭
Penang (Hokkien) 箭
Puxian Min Putian 箭支
Xianyou 箭支

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 矢
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 脂 (17)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 式視切
Baxter syijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕˠiɪX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕᵚiX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕiɪX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕjiX/
Li
Rong 		/ɕjiX/
Wang
Li 		/ɕiX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɕiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		si2
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 矢
Reading # 1/1
No. 11504
Phonetic
component 		矢
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		矢
Old
Chinese 		/*hliʔ/

Definitions

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矢

  1. alternative form of 屎 (“excrement; poop”)
    石矢 [Cantonese]  ―  sek6 si2 [Jyutping]  ―  concrete (alternative form of 石屎 (sek6 si2))

Compounds

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References

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  • “矢”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [The Archives of Licheng District, Putian City], editor (2022), “矢”, in 《莆仙方言文读字汇》 [A Character Collection of Literary Readings of the Puxian Topolect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 211.

Japanese

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Kanji

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矢

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. arrow

Readings

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Compounds

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Usage notes

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Used in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨si⟩.

Etymology 1

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Kanji in this term
矢
や
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
箭

From Old Japanese. Found in the Kojiki of 712 CE, and in the Man'yōshū completed some time after 759 CE.[1]

Edo-era ceremonial arrowhead depicting an arrow.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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矢(や) • (ya) 

  1. (archery, weaponry) an arrow
    光(こう)陰(いん)矢(や)の如(ごと)し。
    Kōin ya no gotoshi.
    Shine and shadow, just like an arrow. → Time flies like an arrow.
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 3, poem 364:
      , text here
      大夫(ますらを)之(の)弓(ゆ)上(ずゑ)振(ふり)起(おこし)射都流(いつる)矢(や)乎(を)後(のち)将見(みむ)人(ひと)者(は)語(かたり)継(つぐ)金(がね) [Man'yōgana]
      ますらをの弓(ゆ)末(ずゑ)振(ふ)り起(おこ)し射(い)つる矢(や)を後(のち)見(み)む人(ひと)は語(かた)り継(つ)ぐがね [Modern spelling]
      masurao no yuzue furiokoshi itsuru ya o nochi mimu hito wa kataritsugu gane
      (please add an English translation of this example)
  2. a wedge used to break hard objects such as wood or stone
  3. a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various designs of arrows
Coordinate terms
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Derived terms
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Proper noun

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矢(や) • (Ya) 

  1. a place name

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
矢
さ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[3]

Possibly related to Old Japanese-derived 幸 (sachi, “a hunting implement”).

This reading does not appear to be used in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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矢(さ) • (sa) 

  1. (obsolete) an arrow
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4430:
      , text here
      阿良之乎乃(あらしをの)伊乎(いを)佐(さ)太波佐美(たはさみ)牟可比多知(むかひたち)可奈流麻之都美(かなるましづみ)伊埿弖登阿我久流(いでてとあがくる) [Man'yōgana]
      荒(あら)し男(を)のいをさ手(た)挟(はさ)み向(むか)ひ立(た)ちかなるましづみ出(い)でてと我(あ)が来(く)る [Modern spelling]
      arasi-wo no iwo-sa tapasami mukapi-tati kanaruma sidumi idete to a ga kuru
      (please add an English translation of this example)
Derived terms
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References

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  1. ^
    c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 3, poem 262:
    , text here
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^
    c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4430:
    , text here: the 佐 (sa) in man'yōgana in the original is interpreted by Daijisen as this 矢 (sa).

Khitan

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Noun

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矢 (transliteration needed) (khi)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

矢 (eumhun 화살 시 (hwasal si))

  1. hanja form? of 시 (“arrow”)

Okinawan

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Kanji

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矢

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. arrow

Readings

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Etymology

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First attested as 이야 (/⁠i.ja⁠/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501). Cognate with standard Japanese 矢 (ya).

Noun

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矢(いや) (iya) 

  1. arrow

Derived terms

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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矢: Hán Nôm readings: thỉ, tẻ, thẻ, yêu, tử, tủ, tú, siệu

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
矢

Noun

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矢

  1. chữ Hán form of thỉ (“arrow”)
  2. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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  • Nom Foundation
  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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