奮

See also: 奋

奮 U+596E, 奮 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-596E ← 奭 [U+596D] CJK Unified Ideographs 奯 → [U+596F]

Translingual

Han character

奮 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+13, 16 strokes, Cangjie input 大人土田 (KOGW), four-corner 4060₁, composition ⿱奞田)

Derived characters

• 𢅯, 𢤬

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 254, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6012
• Dae Jaweon: page 515, character 35
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 550, character 3
• Unihan data for U+596E

Chinese

trad.		奮
simp.		奋*
alternative forms		𡚒 possibly erroneous

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 奮
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 奞 (“bird”) + 田 (“field”) – bird spreading its wings to fly.

Etymology

Related to 翂 (OC *pɯn, “appearance of birds flying slowly”) and 飛 (OC *pɯl, “to fly”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): fèn (fen⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣˋ

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): fēn

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fan⁵

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): fan³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): fun⁴

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): fun / pín

  (Hailu, HRS): fun^ˇ / bin^ˊ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): fun³

  (Changting, Changting Pinyin): fing⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): feng³
• Northern Min (KCR): hō̤ng
• Eastern Min (BUC): hóng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hong⁴ / huong⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hùn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hung³

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵fen / ⁵feen
  • (Jinhua): ⁵fen
• Xiang

  (Changsha, Wiktionary): fen⁴

  (Hengyang, Wiktionary): fern⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fèn
    • Wade–Giles: fên⁴
    • Yale: fèn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenn
    • Palladius: фэнь (fɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən⁵¹/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: fēn
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fẽ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fan⁵
    • Yale: fáhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fan⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: fen⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn¹³/
  • (Dongguan, Guancheng)
    • Jyutping++: fan³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn³²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: fun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fun²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fun / pín
    • Hakka Romanization System: fun / bin^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fun⁴ / bin³
    • Sinological IPA: /fun⁵⁵/, /pin³¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: fun^ˇ / bin^ˊ
    • Sinological IPA: /fun¹¹/, /pin²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: fun³
    • Sinological IPA: /fun³¹/
  • (Changting)
    • Changting Pinyin: fing⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fiŋ⁵⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: feng³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /fəŋ⁴⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hō̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɔŋ⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hóng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /houŋ²¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hong⁴
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: heo̍ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔŋ⁴²/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: huong⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huoŋ⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hùn
    • Tâi-lô: hùn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: huxn
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /hun²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /hun⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /hun¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hung³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hùng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Fuyang, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ⁵fen
    • MiniDict: fen^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²fen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /fən³⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /fəŋ³⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ɸəŋ³⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /fən³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /fən⁵²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /fəŋ⁵²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /fən³³⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /fen⁴⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Fuyang): /feŋ³³⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /fəŋ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /fɐŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Northern: Shaoxing)
    • Wugniu: ⁵feen
    • MiniDict: fen^去
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /fẽ³³/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ⁵fen
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /fəŋ⁵⁵/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: fen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɸən⁴⁵/
  • (Hengyang)
    • Wiktionary: fern⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən³²⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: pjunH

Rime
Character	奮
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	文 (59)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	方問切
Baxter	pjunH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨunH/
Pan Wuyun	/piunH/
Shao Rongfen	/piuənH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/punH/
Li Rong	/piuənH/
Wang Li	/pĭuənH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pi̯uənH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fan3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*(Cə.)pə[r]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pɯns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	奮
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fèn
Middle Chinese	‹ pjunH ›
Old Chinese	/*(Cə.)pə[r]-s/ (W dialect)
English	spread wings and fly
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	奮
Reading #	1/1
No.	3196
Phonetic component	奮
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	糞
Old Chinese	/*pɯns/

Definitions

奮

1. (of a bird) to spread and flutter the wings
2. to shake; to vibrate
3. to wield; to wave
4. to dash ahead; to put to good use
5. to strive; to exert effort
6. to arouse; to stimulate
7. a surname

Compounds

• 亢奮 / 亢奋 (kàngfèn)
• 勤奮 / 勤奋 (qínfèn)
• 告奮勇 / 告奋勇
• 奮不顧身 / 奋不顾身 (fènbùgùshēn)
• 奮力 / 奋力 (fènlì)
• 奮勉 / 奋勉 (fènmiǎn)
• 奮勇 / 奋勇 (fènyǒng)
• 奮勇爭先 / 奋勇争先
• 奮勇當先 / 奋勇当先
• 奮勵 / 奋励
• 奮威 / 奋威 (fènwēi)
• 奮志 / 奋志 (fènzhì)
• 奮戰 / 奋战 (fènzhàn)
• 奮擊 / 奋击
• 奮武揚威 / 奋武扬威
• 奮激 / 奋激 (fènjī)
• 奮然 / 奋然 (fènrán)
• 奮發 / 奋发 (fènfā)
• 奮發向上 / 奋发向上
• 奮發圖強 / 奋发图强 (fènfātúqiáng)
• 奮發有為 / 奋发有为
• 奮發自強 / 奋发自强
• 奮發蹈厲 / 奋发蹈厉
• 奮矜 / 奋矜
• 奮筆疾書 / 奋笔疾书
• 奮翅 / 奋翅
• 奮臂 / 奋臂
• 奮袂攘襟 / 奋袂攘襟
• 奮袂而起 / 奋袂而起
• 奮起 / 奋起 (fènqǐ)
• 奮起直追 / 奋起直追
• 奮身 / 奋身
• 奮身獨步 / 奋身独步
• 奮辭 / 奋辞
• 奮進 / 奋进 (fènjìn)
• 奮逸響 / 奋逸响
• 奮飛 / 奋飞 (fènfēi)
• 奮鬥 / 奋斗 (fèndòu)
• 奮鬥不懈 / 奋斗不懈
• 孤軍奮戰 / 孤军奋战 (gūjūnfènzhàn)
• 感奮 / 感奋 (gǎnfèn)
• 愈挫愈奮 / 愈挫愈奋
• 振奮 / 振奋 (zhènfèn)
• 振奮人心 / 振奋人心 (zhènfènrénxīn)
• 振鱗奮翼 / 振鳞奋翼
• 揚眉奮髯 / 扬眉奋髯
• 浴血奮戰 / 浴血奋战
• 激奮 / 激奋 (jīfèn)
• 猛奮 / 猛奋
• 自告奮勇 / 自告奋勇 (zìgàofènyǒng)
• 興奮 / 兴奋 (xīngfèn)
• 興奮劑 / 兴奋剂 (xīngfènjì)
• 艱苦奮鬥 / 艰苦奋斗 (jiānkǔfèndòu)
• 貫頤奮戟 / 贯颐奋戟
• 蹈厲奮發 / 蹈厉奋发
• 韜光俟奮 / 韬光俟奋

References

• “奮”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 周存 [Zhōu Cún], editor (2023), “奋”, in 《长汀话词典》 CHANGTINGHUA CIDIAN [Dictionary of the Changting Topolect] (overall work in Hakka and Mandarin), Guangzhou: 世界图书出版有限公司 [World Book Publishing Co., Ltd.], →ISBN, page 192.

Japanese

Kanji

奮

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. agitation
2. rouse

Readings

• Go-on: ふん (fun, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ふん (fun, Jōyō)
• Kun: ふるう (furuu, 奮う, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 奮(ふん)闘(とう) (funtō): tough struggle
• 奮(ふん)発(ぱつ) (funpatsu): splurge

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 奮 (MC pjunH).

Hanja

奮 (eumhun 떨칠 분 (tteolchil bun))

1. hanja form^? of 분 (“strive, exert effort”)
2. hanja form^? of 분 (“arouse”)

Vietnamese

Han character

奮: Hán Nôm readings: phấn

1. chữ Hán form of phấn (“to agitate; to shake; to arouse; impetuous”)

Compounds

• 奮激 (phấn khích)
• 奮發 (phấn phát)
• 奮起 (phấn khởi)
• 奮鬥 (phấn đấu)
• 興奮 (hưng phấn)