φύσις

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-tís. By surface analysis, φῠ́ω (phŭ́ō, “grow”) +‎ -σῐς (-sĭs). Compare Proto-Slavic *bytь (“essence; culture”) and Sanskrit भू॒ति (bhūtí), भूति॑ (bhū́ti, “existence; being; form; might; power; prosperity; fortune”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pʰý.sis/ → /ˈɸy.sis/ → /ˈfi.sis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pʰý.sis/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpʰy.sis/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈɸy.sis/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈfy.sis/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈfi.sis/

Noun

φῠ́σῐς • (phŭ́sĭs) f (genitive φῠ́σεως); third declension

1. origin; birth
2. nature; quality; property
3. (medicine) temper; disposition (the nature of one's personality)
4. form; shape
5. nature (that which is natural)
6. type; kind
7. nature as an entity (especially of productive power)
8. creature

Declension

Third declension of ἡ φῠ́σῐς; τῆς φῠ́σεως (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ φῠ́σῐς hē phŭ́sĭs	τὼ φῠ́σει tṑ phŭ́sei	αἱ φῠ́σεις hai phŭ́seis
Genitive	τῆς φῠ́σεως tês phŭ́seōs	τοῖν φῠσέοιν toîn phŭséoin	τῶν φῠ́σεων tôn phŭ́seōn
Dative	τῇ φῠ́σει tēî phŭ́sei	τοῖν φῠσέοιν toîn phŭséoin	ταῖς φῠ́σεσῐ / φῠ́σεσῐν taîs phŭ́sesĭ(n)
Accusative	τὴν φῠ́σῐν tḕn phŭ́sĭn	τὼ φῠ́σει tṑ phŭ́sei	τᾱ̀ς φῠ́σεις tā̀s phŭ́seis
Vocative	φῠ́σῐ phŭ́sĭ	φῠ́σει phŭ́sei	φῠ́σεις phŭ́seis
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ᾰ̓νᾰ́φῠσῐς (ănắphŭsĭs)
• ᾰ̓πόφῠσῐς (ăpóphŭsĭs)
• αὐτόφῠσῐς (autóphŭsĭs)
• δῐᾰ́φῠσῐς (dĭắphŭsĭs)
• ἔκφῠσῐς (ékphŭsĭs)
• ἔμφῠσῐς (émphŭsĭs)
• ἐπῐ́φῠσῐς (epĭ́phŭsĭs)
• κᾰτᾰ́φῠσῐς (kătắphŭsĭs)
• πᾰρᾰ́φῠσῐς (părắphŭsĭs)
• πᾰρέμφῠσῐς (părémphŭsĭs)
• περῐ́φῠσῐς (perĭ́phŭsĭs)
• πρόσφῠσῐς (prósphŭsĭs)
• πρόφῠσῐς (próphŭsĭs)
• σῠ́μφῠσῐς (sŭ́mphŭsĭs)
• ῠ̔πόφῠσῐς (hŭpóphŭsĭs)
• φῠσῐκός (phŭsĭkós)

Descendants

• Greek: φύση (fýsi)
• →? Albanian: fis
• → Coptic: ⲫⲩⲥⲓⲥ (phusis)
• → English: physis
• → Portuguese: physis
• → Italian: fisica

Further reading

• “φύσις”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “φύσις”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “φύσις”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• “φύσις” in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• φύσις in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “φύσις”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G5449 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • appearance idem, page 35.
  • character idem, page 125.
  • constitution idem, page 164.
  • disposition idem, page 237.
  • form idem, page 338.
  • formation idem, page 339.
  • genius idem, page 357.
  • inclination idem, page 428.
  • instinct idem, page 446.
  • intuition idem, page 456.
  • kind idem, page 469.
  • nature idem, page 552.
  • shape idem, page 762.
  • sort idem, page 795.
  • temper idem, page 859.
  • temperament idem, page 860.