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river

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: River

English

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A river

Etymology 1

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Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁réyp-eh₂
Proto-Italic *reipā
Latin rīpa
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-so-
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-
Proto-Indo-European *-yós
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós
Proto-Italic *-āsijos
Proto-Italic *-āsios
Latin -ārius
Latin rīpārius
Early Medieval Latin rīpāria
Anglo-Norman rivierebor.
Middle English ryver
English river

    From Middle English ryver, from Anglo-Norman rivere, from Early Medieval Latin rīpāria (“littoral, riverbank”), from Latin rīpārius (“of a riverbank”), from Latin rīpa (“river bank”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to scratch, tear, cut”). Unrelated to Latin rīvus (“stream”) (whence rival, derive). Doublet of riviera and rivière. Largely displaced native English ea.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    river (plural rivers)

    2. A large and often winding stream which drains a land mass, carrying water down from higher areas to a lower point, oftentimes ending in another body of water, such as an ocean or in an inland sea.
      Synonyms: see Thesaurus:river
      Occasionally rivers overflow their banks and cause floods.
      • 1908 October, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC:
        By the side of the river he trotted as one trots, when very small, by the side of a man who holds one spell-bound by exciting stories; and when tired at last, he sat on the bank, while the river still chattered on to him, a babbling procession of the best stories in the world, sent from the heart of the earth to be told at last to the insatiable sea.
      • 2013 June 29, “High and wet”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 28:
        Floods in northern India, mostly in the small state of Uttarakhand, have wrought disaster on an enormous scale. The early, intense onset of the monsoon on June 14th swelled rivers, washing away roads, bridges, hotels and even whole villages. Rock-filled torrents smashed vehicles and homes, burying victims under rubble and sludge.
    3. Any large flow of a liquid in a single body.
      a river of blood
    5. (poker) The last card dealt in a hand.
      • 2017, Nathan Schwiethale, Ace High: Mastering Low Stakes Poker Cash Games, page 70:
        He called instantly but was too ashamed to show until the river.
    6. (typography) A visually undesirable effect of white space running down a page, caused by spaces between words on consecutive lines happening to coincide.
    Usage notes
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    • As with the names of lakes and mountains, the names of rivers are typically formed by adding the word before or after the unique term: the River Thames or the Yangtze River. Generally speaking, names formed using adjectives or attributives see river added to the end, as with the Yellow River. It is less common to add river before names than it is with lakes, but many of the rivers of Britain are written that way, as with the River Severn; indeed, British English tends to use "River X" in such cases while American, South African, Australian and New Zealand English use "X River". The former derives from the earlier but now uncommon form river of ~: the 19th century River of Jordan is now usually simply the River Jordan.
    • It is common to preface the proper names of rivers with the article the.
    • Concerning the reference of its coordinate terms, some people say:[1] you can step over a brook, jump over a creek, wade across a stream, and swim across a river.
    Derived terms
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    Descendants
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    • Antigua and Barbuda Creole English: riba
    • Australian Kriol: riba
    • Sranan Tongo: liba
    • Tok Pisin: riva
    • → Esperanto: rivero
    • → Finnish: river (“river (in poker)”)
    • → Marshallese: reba
    • → Japanese: リバー (ribā)
    • → Pennsylvania German: Rewwer
    Translations
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    See river/translations § Noun.
    See also
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    Verb

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    river (third-person singular simple present rivers, present participle rivering, simple past and past participle rivered)

    1. (poker) To improve one’s hand to beat another player on the final card in a poker game.
      Johnny rivered me by drawing that ace of spades.

    Etymology 2

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    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp-
    Proto-Germanic *rīfaną
    Old Norse rífabor.
    Middle English riven
    English rive
    Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂
    Proto-Indo-European *-so-
    Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-
    Proto-Indo-European *-yós
    Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂s(i)yós
    Proto-Italic *-āsijos
    Proto-Italic *-āsios
    Latin -āriusnom.
    Latin -āriusbor.
    Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz
    Proto-West Germanic *-ārī
    Old English -ere
    Middle English -ere
    English -er
    English river

      From rive + -er.

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      river (plural rivers)

      1. One who rives or splits.

      References

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      1. ^ Definitions of rivers, stream, brooks, creeks and other terms (Goran Šafarek, WorldRivers.net, November 29, 2018)

      Further reading

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      Danish

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      Noun

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      river c

      1. indefinite plural of rive

      Verb

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      river

      1. present of rive

      Finnish

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      Etymology

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      Borrowed from English river.

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /ˈriʋer/, [ˈriʋe̞r]
      • Rhymes: -iʋer
      • Syllabification(key): ri‧ver
      • Hyphenation(key): ri‧ver

      Noun

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      river

      1. (poker) river (fifth communal card in Texas hold'em)

      Declension

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      Inflection of river (Kotus type 6/paperi, no gradation)
      nominative river riverit
      genitive riverin riverien
      rivereiden
      rivereitten
      partitive riveriä rivereitä
      riverejä
      illative riveriin rivereihin
      singular plural
      nominative river riverit
      accusative nom. river riverit
      gen. riverin
      genitive riverin riverien
      rivereiden
      rivereitten
      partitive riveriä rivereitä
      riverejä
      inessive riverissä rivereissä
      elative riveristä rivereistä
      illative riveriin rivereihin
      adessive riverillä rivereillä
      ablative riveriltä rivereiltä
      allative riverille rivereille
      essive riverinä rivereinä
      translative riveriksi rivereiksi
      abessive riverittä rivereittä
      instructive — riverein
      comitative See the possessive forms below.
      Possessive forms of river (Kotus type 6/paperi, no gradation)
      first-person singular possessor
      singular plural
      nominative riverini riverini
      accusative nom. riverini riverini
      gen. riverini
      genitive riverini riverieni
      rivereideni
      rivereitteni
      partitive riveriäni rivereitäni
      riverejäni
      inessive riverissäni rivereissäni
      elative riveristäni rivereistäni
      illative riveriini rivereihini
      adessive riverilläni rivereilläni
      ablative riveriltäni rivereiltäni
      allative riverilleni rivereilleni
      essive riverinäni rivereinäni
      translative riverikseni rivereikseni
      abessive riverittäni rivereittäni
      instructive — —
      comitative — rivereineni
      second-person singular possessor
      singular plural
      nominative riverisi riverisi
      accusative nom. riverisi riverisi
      gen. riverisi
      genitive riverisi riveriesi
      rivereidesi
      rivereittesi
      partitive riveriäsi rivereitäsi
      riverejäsi
      inessive riverissäsi rivereissäsi
      elative riveristäsi rivereistäsi
      illative riveriisi rivereihisi
      adessive riverilläsi rivereilläsi
      ablative riveriltäsi rivereiltäsi
      allative riverillesi rivereillesi
      essive riverinäsi rivereinäsi
      translative riveriksesi rivereiksesi
      abessive riverittäsi rivereittäsi
      instructive — —
      comitative — rivereinesi
      first-person plural possessor
      singular plural
      nominative riverimme riverimme
      accusative nom. riverimme riverimme
      gen. riverimme
      genitive riverimme riveriemme
      rivereidemme
      rivereittemme
      partitive riveriämme rivereitämme
      riverejämme
      inessive riverissämme rivereissämme
      elative riveristämme rivereistämme
      illative riveriimme rivereihimme
      adessive riverillämme rivereillämme
      ablative riveriltämme rivereiltämme
      allative riverillemme rivereillemme
      essive riverinämme rivereinämme
      translative riveriksemme rivereiksemme
      abessive riverittämme rivereittämme
      instructive — —
      comitative — rivereinemme
      second-person plural possessor
      singular plural
      nominative riverinne riverinne
      accusative nom. riverinne riverinne
      gen. riverinne
      genitive riverinne riverienne
      rivereidenne
      rivereittenne
      partitive riveriänne rivereitänne
      riverejänne
      inessive riverissänne rivereissänne
      elative riveristänne rivereistänne
      illative riveriinne rivereihinne
      adessive riverillänne rivereillänne
      ablative riveriltänne rivereiltänne
      allative riverillenne rivereillenne
      essive riverinänne rivereinänne
      translative riveriksenne rivereiksenne
      abessive riverittänne rivereittänne
      instructive — —
      comitative — rivereinenne
      third-person possessor
      singular plural
      nominative riverinsä riverinsä
      accusative nom. riverinsä riverinsä
      gen. riverinsä
      genitive riverinsä riveriensä
      rivereidensä
      rivereittensä
      partitive riveriään
      riveriänsä       		rivereitään
      riverejään
      rivereitänsä
      riverejänsä
      inessive riverissään
      riverissänsä       		rivereissään
      rivereissänsä
      elative riveristään
      riveristänsä       		rivereistään
      rivereistänsä
      illative riveriinsä rivereihinsä
      adessive riverillään
      riverillänsä       		rivereillään
      rivereillänsä
      ablative riveriltään
      riveriltänsä       		rivereiltään
      rivereiltänsä
      allative riverilleen
      riverillensä       		rivereilleen
      rivereillensä
      essive riverinään
      riverinänsä       		rivereinään
      rivereinänsä
      translative riverikseen
      riveriksensä       		rivereikseen
      rivereiksensä
      abessive riverittään
      riverittänsä       		rivereittään
      rivereittänsä
      instructive — —
      comitative — rivereineen
      rivereinensä

      Synonyms

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      See also

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      French

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      Etymology

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      From a Germanic source (compare Danish rive).

      Pronunciation

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      Verb

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      river

      1. to drive/set a rivet

      Conjugation

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      Conjugation of river (see also Appendix:French verbs)
      infinitive simple river
      compound avoir + past participle
      present participle or gerund1 simple rivant
      /ʁi.vɑ̃/
      compound ayant + past participle
      past participle rivé
      /ʁi.ve/
      singular plural
      first second third first second third
      indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
      (simple
      tenses)             		present rive
      /ʁiv/       		rives
      /ʁiv/       		rive
      /ʁiv/       		rivons
      /ʁi.vɔ̃/       		rivez
      /ʁi.ve/       		rivent
      /ʁiv/
      imperfect rivais
      /ʁi.vɛ/       		rivais
      /ʁi.vɛ/       		rivait
      /ʁi.vɛ/       		rivions
      /ʁi.vjɔ̃/       		riviez
      /ʁi.vje/       		rivaient
      /ʁi.vɛ/
      past historic2 rivai
      /ʁi.ve/       		rivas
      /ʁi.va/       		riva
      /ʁi.va/       		rivâmes
      /ʁi.vam/       		rivâtes
      /ʁi.vat/       		rivèrent
      /ʁi.vɛʁ/
      future riverai
      /ʁi.vʁe/       		riveras
      /ʁi.vʁa/       		rivera
      /ʁi.vʁa/       		riverons
      /ʁi.vʁɔ̃/       		riverez
      /ʁi.vʁe/       		riveront
      /ʁi.vʁɔ̃/
      conditional riverais
      /ʁi.vʁɛ/       		riverais
      /ʁi.vʁɛ/       		riverait
      /ʁi.vʁɛ/       		riverions
      /ʁi.və.ʁjɔ̃/       		riveriez
      /ʁi.və.ʁje/       		riveraient
      /ʁi.vʁɛ/
      (compound
      tenses)             		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
      pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
      past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
      future perfect future of avoir + past participle
      conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
      subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
      (simple
      tenses)             		present rive
      /ʁiv/       		rives
      /ʁiv/       		rive
      /ʁiv/       		rivions
      /ʁi.vjɔ̃/       		riviez
      /ʁi.vje/       		rivent
      /ʁiv/
      imperfect2 rivasse
      /ʁi.vas/       		rivasses
      /ʁi.vas/       		rivât
      /ʁi.va/       		rivassions
      /ʁi.va.sjɔ̃/       		rivassiez
      /ʁi.va.sje/       		rivassent
      /ʁi.vas/
      (compound
      tenses)             		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
      pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
      imperative – tu – nous vous –
      simple — rive
      /ʁiv/       		— rivons
      /ʁi.vɔ̃/       		rivez
      /ʁi.ve/       		—
      compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
      1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
      2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
      past historic → present perfect
      past anterior → pluperfect
      imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
      pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

      (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

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      Further reading

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      Anagrams

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      Latin

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      Verb

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      rīver

      1. first-person singular present passive subjunctive of rīvō

      Middle English

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      Noun

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      river

      1. alternative form of ryver

      Norwegian Bokmål

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      Noun

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      river m or f

      1. indefinite plural of rive

      Verb

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      river

      1. present of rive

      Norwegian Nynorsk

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      Noun

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      river f

      1. indefinite plural of rive

      Verb

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      river

      1. (non-standard since 2012) present of riva

      Swedish

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      Verb

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      river

      1. present indicative of riva

      Anagrams

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      Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=river&oldid=92516558"