URL/HTML/JavaScript的encode/escape

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原创最新推荐文章于 2023-12-28 09:10:50 发布 249 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

最近经常被URL、HTML、JavaScript的encode/escape弄晕

在这里列出Ruby/JavaScript中一些方法的说明:

[b]1，CGI.escape/CGI.unescape做URL的encode和decode[/b]
参加Ruby库中的cgi.rb
[code]
# URL-encode a string.
# url_encoded_string = CGI::escape("'Stop!' said Fred")
# # => "%27Stop%21%27+said+Fred"
def CGI::escape(string)
string.gsub(/([^ a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+)/n) do
'%' + $1.unpack('H2' * $1.size).join('%').upcase
end.tr(' ', '+')
end

# URL-decode a string.
# string = CGI::unescape("%27Stop%21%27+said+Fred")
# # => "'Stop!' said Fred"
def CGI::unescape(string)
string.tr('+', ' ').gsub(/((?:%[0-9a-fA-F]{2})+)/n) do
[$1.delete('%')].pack('H*')
end
end
[/code]

[b]2，CGI.escapeHTML/CGI.unescapeHTML做HTML的escape/unescape[/b]
参加Ruby库中的cgi.rb
[code]
# Escape special characters in HTML, namely &\"<>
# CGI::escapeHTML('Usage: foo "bar" <baz>')
# # => "Usage: foo "bar" <baz>"
def CGI::escapeHTML(string)
string.gsub(/&/n, '&').gsub(/\"/n, '"').gsub(/>/n, '>').gsub(/</n, '<')
end

# Unescape a string that has been HTML-escaped
# CGI::unescapeHTML("Usage: foo "bar" <baz>")
# # => "Usage: foo \"bar\" <baz>"
def CGI::unescapeHTML(string)
string.gsub(/&(amp|quot|gt|lt|\#[0-9]+|\#x[0-9A-Fa-f]+);/n) do
match = $1.dup
case match
when 'amp' then '&'
when 'quot' then '"'
when 'gt' then '>'
when 'lt' then '<'
when /\A#0*(\d+)\z/n then
if Integer($1) < 256
Integer($1).chr
else
if Integer($1) < 65536 and ($KCODE[0] == ?u or $KCODE[0] == ?U)
[Integer($1)].pack("U")
else
"&##{$1};"
end
end
when /\A#x([0-9a-f]+)\z/ni then
if $1.hex < 256
$1.hex.chr
else
if $1.hex < 65536 and ($KCODE[0] == ?u or $KCODE[0] == ?U)
[$1.hex].pack("U")
else
"&#x#{$1};"
end
end
else
"&#{match};"
end
end
end
[/code]

[b]3，html_escape/h做HTML的escape，url_encode/u做URL的encode[/b]
参加Ruby库中的erb.rb
ActionView::Base include了ERB::Util，所以可以直接在html.erb里调用h和u方法
[code]
def html_escape(s)
s.to_s.gsub(/&/, "&").gsub(/\"/, """).gsub(/>/, ">").gsub(/</, "<")
end
alias h html_escape

def url_encode(s)
s.to_s.gsub(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_\-.]/n){ sprintf("%%%02X", $&.unpack("C")[0]) }
end
alias u url_encode
[/code]

[b]4，JavaScript中escape/unescape做HTML的escape，encodeURI/decodeURI做URL的encode/decode[/b]
[code]
var a = "<span>afd adf &&& <<< >>></span>"
var b = escape(a)
=> "%3Cspan%3Eafd%20adf%20%26%26%26%20%3C%3C%3C%20%3E%3E%3E%3C/span%3E"
var c = unescape(b)
=> "<span>afd adf &&& <<< >>></span>"

var a = "http://www.test.com/haha hehe/"
var b = encodeURI(a)
=> "http://www.test.com/haha%20hehe/"
var c = decodeURI(b)
=> "http://www.test.com/haha hehe/"
[/code]

[b]5，jQuery中的text(str)和html(str)[/b]
jQuery中text(str)方法给某个HTML Element设置文本内容，其中的文本如果包括HTML Tag或者<script>标签都会忽略而当作文本来看待
jQuery中html(str)方法给某个HTML Element设置html内容，其中的内容如果包括HTML Tag或者<script>标签则都会当作正常标签来执行

[b]6，JavaScript实现h和uh方法来escape/unescape HTML[/b]
该方法用于JavaScript拼接HTML片段时防止&、<、>、"相关的问题
[code]
function escapeHTML(str) {
str = String(str).replace(/&/g, '&').
replace(/>/g, '>').
replace(/</g, '<').
replace(/"/g, '"');
return str;
}
function unescapeHTML(str) {
str = String(str).replace(/>/g, '>').
replace(/</g, '<').
replace(/"/g, '"').
replace(/&/g, '&');
return str;
}
h = escapeHTML;
uh = unescapeHTML;
[/code]

有了这些helper方法，基本上能满足99%的URL、HTML和JavaScript的escape和encode方面的需求

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