4、3 Steps to Build Peace and Create Meaningful Change - TED

What happens when a Syrian refugee,
当一名叙利亚难民、

an Israeli aid worker
一名以色列援助人员

and an American Jew walk into a room?
和一名美国犹太人走进一个房间时会发生什么？

(Laughter)
（笑声）

No, this is not the start of a really bad joke, I promise.
不，这不是一个非常糟糕的笑话的开始，我保证。

This actually happened to me.
这实际上发生在我身上。

Starting in 2015,
从 2015 年开始，

I found myself holding a series of secret meetings
我发现自己

in various European capitals
在欧洲各国首都

with a small group of Syrian and Israeli civilians.
与一小群叙利亚和以色列平民举行了一系列秘密会议。

And we were there to try and figure out how we can get aid to the Syrian people
我们在那里试图弄清楚我们如何才能

who were enduring the worst humanitarian crisis since World War II.
为遭受二战以来最严重人道主义危机的叙利亚人民提供援助。

But how did we end up at this table together?
但是我们是怎么一起坐在这张桌子上的呢？

After all, Syrians and Israelis are sworn enemies,
毕竟，叙利亚人和以色列人是不共戴天的敌人，从

and technically they've been in a state of war since 1948.
技术上讲，他们自 1948 年以来一直处于战争状态。

Yet here we were, literally and figuratively,
然而，从字面上和比喻上来说，我们在这里

trying to find a way in.
试图找到一条出路

And here is the punchline of that bad joke I promised not to tell.
。这是我那个糟糕笑话的重点答应不告诉。

We found it.
我们找到了。

We figured out a way to get aid into Syria through Israel.
我们找到了通过以色列向叙利亚提供援助的方法。

Now how did we do that?
现在我们是怎么做到的？

I applied a three-step process
我应用了一个

that I've used in a bunch of other settings,
我在许多其他设置中使用过的三步过程

and I'm hoping that those three steps will be useful to any of you
，我希望这三个步骤对你们中的任何

who want to do some good
一个想要

in the face of any of the myriad overwhelming conflicts
在面对无数压倒性的情况下做点好事的人都有用

that we're facing today, including Ukraine.
我们今天面临的冲突，包括乌克兰。

So what are my three steps?
那么我的三个步骤是什么？

Find an entry point,
找到一个切入点，

identify a gap,
确定一个差距，

and then find something doable with which to fill that gap.
然后找到一些可行的方法来填补这个差距。

It sounds pretty simple, right?
听起来很简单，对吧？

So let me walk you through it.
因此，让我带您了解一下。

When I read a report on the Syrian war,
当我读到一篇关于叙利亚战争的报道时，

it hit me very hard and it felt very personal.
它给我的打击非常大，而且感觉非常个人化。

I was stunned by the scale of the misery,
我对苦难的规模感到震惊

and it echoed the suffering of my own family during the Holocaust.
，这与大屠杀期间我家人的苦难相呼应。

My parents survived concentration camps in Poland and in Hungary,
我的父母在波兰和匈牙利的集中营中幸存下来，

and after the war, we had to flee
战争结束后，我们不得不逃离

and we arrived in the US as stateless refugees.
，我们以无国籍难民的身份抵达美国。

So when I saw the destruction of Aleppo,
所以当我看到阿勒颇的毁灭时，

I was put in mind of Budapest,
我想起了布达佩斯，

the city of my birth,
我出生的城市，

the bombed out city of my birth.
我出生时被炸毁的城市。

And when I read about starvation by siege in Syria,
当我读到叙利亚因围困而饿死时，

I remembered my own mother
我想起了我自己的母亲

who lost a pregnancy lugging a sack of rotten potatoes home
，她

because there was nothing else to eat.
因没有其他食物可吃而拖着一袋烂土豆回家。

And when I saw the eviscerated and emaciated corpses of Syrians
当我看到

who had been tortured in Damascus prisons,
在大马士革监狱中遭受酷刑的叙利亚人被取出内脏、骨瘦如柴的尸体时，

I also saw the walking skeletons of Auschwitz,
我也看到了奥斯维辛、

Mauthausen and Bergen-Belsen,
毛特豪森和卑尔根-贝尔森集中营的行尸走肉

where so many of my own family members literally went up in smoke.
，我自己的许多家人都在那里化为乌有。

And when I saw Syrian refugees flooding across borders,
当我看到叙利亚难民涌入边境时，

I also recalled my own displacement as a refugee child.
我也想起了自己作为难民儿童流离失所的经历。

So as one person ...
那么作为一个人……

As one person, what can you do next?
作为一个人，接下来你能做什么？

When you're confronted with something that you know needs to be changed,
当你遇到一些你知道需要改变的事情时，

you have to find an entry point.
你必须找到一个切入点。

For me, that was mobilizing a Jewish response
对我来说，这是动员犹太人的反应

and then scaling that up to the interreligious response in the US,
，然后将其扩大到美国的宗教间反应，

focused exclusively on Syria.
专门针对叙利亚。

It's called the Multifaith Alliance for Syrian Refugees.
它被称为叙利亚难民多信仰联盟。

And today, we have more than 100 partner organizations.
今天，我们拥有100 多个合作伙伴组织。

(Applause)
（掌声）

I saw an opportunity to build bridges
我看到了

while also saving lives.
在拯救生命的同时架起桥梁的机会。

And here’s how.
方法如下。

The southwest part of Syria was very difficult to access
叙利亚西南部

because it was surrounded by regime forces.
被政府军包围，很难进入。

That was a gap.
那是一个差距。

Israel shares a border with that part of Syria.
以色列与叙利亚的那部分地区接壤。

And guess what?
你猜怎么着？ 从戈兰高地的以色列一侧

It's easy to get aid into southwest Syria
很容易获得援助进入叙利亚西南部

from the Israeli side of the Golan Heights.
。

That gave us something doable with which to fill that gap.
这给了我们一些可行的方法来填补这个空白。

All we needed was the how.
我们所需要的只是方法。

And that's why my colleagues and I found ourselves
这就是为什么我和我的同事们发现自己

in clandestine meetings all over Europe.
在欧洲各地举行秘密会议。

We were making the case
我们提出的理由

that Israel should be used as a staging area
是，以色列应该被

for the outbound delivery of international humanitarian aid.
用作向外运送国际人道主义援助的集结地。

We lobbied the UK Parliament, the EU Parliament,
我们游说了英国议会、欧盟议会

the Canadian Parliament.
和加拿大议会。

We banged on doors in Congress.
我们敲响了国会的大门。

We met with every level of government in Israel.
我们会见了以色列各级政府。

And ...
而且......

We got nowhere.
我们无处可去。

But then it happened.
但后来它发生了。

In September 2016,
2016年9月

the Israeli government launched Operation Good Neighbor.
，以色列政府启动“睦邻行动”。

It was now official government policy to open the border
现在政府的官方政策是开放边界，

so that aid from other countries could be facilitated
以便其他国家的援助可以便利

and sent in to Syria.
地运送到叙利亚。

So soon after,
不久之后，

once we were able to get Operation Good Neighbor going,
一旦我们能够开展好邻居行动，

soon after, enormous cargo containers of aid --
不久之后，大量的援助货物集装箱——

many of them bearing goods from Syrian organizations --
其中许多装有来自叙利亚组织的货物——

were being unloaded in Israeli ports
被以色列士兵从以色列港口卸下，

by Israeli soldiers,

sent over to the Golan Heights
运往戈兰高地

and from there, our partners on the ground in Syria
从高处，我们在叙利亚的实地合作伙伴

would pick up the aid and distribute it to an area
将接收援助并将其分发到

with a population of 1.3 million people.
拥有 130 万人口的地区。

We delivered 120 million dollars of aid this way.
我们通过这种方式提供了 1.2 亿美元的援助。

We supported three medical facilities,
我们支持了三个医疗机构，

a bakery that produced 15,000 pitas a day.
一家每天生产 15,000 个皮塔饼的面包店。

The Israelis provided water, fuel, electricity.
以色列人提供了水、燃料和电力。

We shipped medical equipment, ambulances,
我们运送了医疗设备、救护车、

food, clothing, sanitary kits, medicine,
食品、衣物、卫生用品、药品，以及

whatever else was needed.
任何其他需要的东西。

And by working through local councils,
通过与地方议会合作，

we were able to help stabilize an entire region.
我们能够帮助稳定整个地区。

For two years, this was the only part of Syria that worked.
两年来，这是叙利亚唯一有效的部分。

But then, because of an incursion by the regime and its allies,
但随后，由于该政权及其盟友的入侵，

that area was completely taken over and destroyed.
该地区被完全接管并摧毁。

But that did not stop us.
但这并没有阻止我们。

We expanded our deliveries to other hard-to-reach parts of Syria.
我们将交付范围扩大到叙利亚其他难以到达的地区。

Today we have delivered
今天，我们已经提供了

nearly 245 million dollars in aid.
近 2.45 亿美元的援助。

(Applause)
（掌声）

It wasn't easy
这并不容易

and it wasn't without hiccups.
，也不是没有问题。

But by working with these unlikely partnerships,
但通过与这些不太可能的合作伙伴合作，

we were able to help
我们能够帮助

more than two and a half million war victims and still counting.
超过 250 万战争受害者，而且这个数字还在增加。

(Applause)
（掌声）

Now, here's the great news.
现在，好消息来了。

You don't have to go to a war zone to do this.
你不必去战区就可以做到这一点。

I've applied my formula in a bunch of other settings.
我已经在许多其他设置中应用了我的公式。

So let me share a couple of quick stories with you.
因此，让我与您分享几个简短的故事。

Early in my career, 1971, to be exact,
在我职业生涯的早期，确切地说，1971 年，

I was living a life of crime.
我过着犯罪的生活。

Crime prevention, that is.
也就是说，预防犯罪。

(Laughter)
（笑声）

I was also deeply immersed in the women's movement.
我也深深地沉浸在妇女运动中。

So where could I make a difference?
那么我可以在哪里有所作为呢？

My entry point was the New York City Police Department.
我的切入点是纽约市警察局。

Victims of sexual assault were being very badly treated.
性侵犯的受害者受到非常恶劣的对待。

That was a gap.
那是一个差距。

The doable way to fill that gap
填补这一空白的可行方法

was to set up the first sex crimes unit in the country.
是在该国设立第一个性犯罪部门。

Well, today we've got "Law and Order: SVU" to tell us how it's done.
好吧，今天我们有“法律与秩序：SVU”来告诉我们它是如何完成的。

In fact, they've been telling us how it's done for the past 23 seasons.
事实上，他们一直在告诉我们过去 23 个赛季的表现。

But back then, back then, this was a new idea.
但在当时，在当时，这是一个新想法。

I've done the same thing with large corporations.
我对大公司做过同样的事情。

When the new millennium was approaching,
新千年临近时

the human resources field was laser-focused on workplace 2000,
，人力资源领域高度关注工作场所 2000

with diversity being a key goal.
，多元化是一个关键目标。

But religion was very rarely looked at as an aspect of workplace diversity.
但宗教很少被视为工作场所多样性的一个方面。

Yet if you looked at the changing demographics,
然而，如果你看看不断变化的人口统计数据，

it was obvious that this was going to be a big issue.
很明显这将是一个大问题。

So that was a gap.
所以这是一个差距。

Another organization I founded,
我创立的另一个组织

the Tanenbaum Center for Interreligious Understanding,
Tanenbaum宗教间理解中心通过指导大公司在工作场所适应宗教信仰，

found a doable way to fill that gap
找到了填补这一空白的可行方法

by guiding major corporations

in accommodating religious beliefs in the workplace.
。

Well, it's been a long road to Syria
好吧，从我作为专业变革代理人的早期尝试到叙利亚，这是一条漫长的道路

from my early forays as a professional change agent.
。

But when I saw the Syrian tragedy unfold,
但当我看到叙利亚的悲剧展开时

a biblical verse, Leviticus 19:16,
，圣经中的一节经文利未记19:16

kept reverberating in my brain.
一直在我的脑海中回荡。

"Thou shalt not stand idly by
“

while the blood of your neighbor cries out from the earth."
当你的邻居的血从地上呼喊时，你不能袖手旁观。”

Well, that's why I got to work.
好吧，这就是我要工作的原因。

I hope you will, too.
我希望你也会。

Thank you.
谢谢你。

(Applause)
（掌声）