XML Basics

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原创最新推荐文章于 2026-07-10 10:38:20 发布 852 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

XML Basics & DTD 1、熟悉和掌握XML规范的基本内容，包括XML声明、注释、处理指令、元素、属性、CDATA段、预定义实体、命名空间的使用，以及如何进行XML文档良构和有效性验证；能够灵活地使用XML层次数据来表示各种信息。 2、掌握如何在DTD文档中声明元素及其内容模型、属性，以及实体的声明和使用；使用内部/外部DTD规则，对XML数据文档的有效性进行约束。立即下载

Before making/editing XML, lets first learn what it is. That begins with understanding why XML is; why does it exist? Basically, XML was created to serve as an easily usable, readable method to format information within an basic text file. What it does is allows you to contain information (text/numbers) in a hierarchal manner. This means one bit of information can serve as a type of file folder for holding more information.

In fact, you can think of XML just as that, as a text write-out of a hierarchical file system. It is NOT a script and does NOT "do" anything. It just provides information in an outlined and logically laid out manner.

For more information beyond laymens terms, see:
http://www.xml.com/
http://www.w3.org/XML/

XML structure
Looking at XML, you'll notice it looks a lot like HTML. In a way, HTML is a type of XML (though it was around before XML was) but the structure is in many cases the same. Here's a simple example of an XML file:

<LETTER>
<TO>Sandy</TO>
<FROM>Joseph</FROM>
<BODY>I love you!</BODY>
</LETTER>

Its fairly easy to see what information this XML file holds and how its laid out. In the file folder metaphor, this represents a folder called LETTER which contains 3 other folders TO, FROM and BODY. Each one of those folders contains the given text. The folder TO for example has "Sandy" in it.

The XML itself is made up primarily of 2 things, Nodes and Attributes. Each one of these are containers for information, though attributes are special in that they are contained only within nodes. In the example above, each one of the 'folders' (ie LETTER, TO, etc.) are a node. Nodes, as the name suggests, are containers which can hold textual information (in Attributes) as well as have within them other nodes as seen above. Its this encapsulation which makes up the hierarchy of a XML file defining its structure.

There are no attributes in the LETTER XML example, and often attributes aren't used at all. However, they can be useful in specifying properties or little tid-bits of information within a given node. Here is an example that uses attributes:

<THURSDAY>
<MEETING TIME="10:00">
  The meeting was boring. I made paper airplanes with a memo I recieved earlier.
</MEETING>
<LUNCH TIME="1:30">
  John came over to talk to me. He smells funny today.
  <SERVED MAINCOURSE="Steak" SIDE1="Apple" SIDE2="Mustard" DRINK="TANG" />
  <SPENT MEALCARD="0" CASH="12.00" />
</LUNCH>
</THURSDAY>

MEETING, for example, contains the attribute TIME. TIME's value is 10:00. In HTML attributes would be like the href or target options within an anchor <a></a> tag. TIME just gives you a way to specify some extra information which is associated directly with that node.

The above example demonstrates two other things:

Nodes with out any child nodes, or nodes within it, can be terminated within their own tag using /> instead of re-writing the tag over again in closing tag. For example, <NODE1></NODE1> can be instead be written as <NODE1/>. This is seen with the SERVED and SPENT nodes within LUNCH.
You can see how the text in the LUNCH node - "John came over to talk to me. He smells funny today." - sits pleasantly with the other nodes SERVED and SPENT. This is because that text is itself a node. Its a text node. It doesn't have any bracket tags nor any attributes or child nodes (folders in itself). All it is is just text - its a text node! The first example also had text nodes. "Sandy", "Joseph" and "I love you!" were all text nodes. Non-text nodes can also be referred to as "Elements".

Hopefully, for those of you who didn't know anything or knew little about XML, this cleared some things up or gave you an idea on how to perceive XML. Feel free to post any questions you may have on the forums.