numpy 线性代数

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本文介绍了NumPy中的线性代数模块，涵盖了矩阵与向量的基本运算，包括点积、外积、矩阵乘法等；还详细说明了各种矩阵分解方法，如Cholesky分解、QR分解和奇异值分解；并提供了特征值和特征向量的计算方法，以及求范数、条件数、行列式等数值分析手段。

矩阵与向量乘积

方法	描述
dot(a, b[, out])	Dot product of two arrays.
linalg.multi_dot(arrays)	Compute the dot product of two or more arrays in a single function call, while automatically selecting the fastest evaluation order.
vdot(a, b)	Return the dot product of two vectors.
inner(a, b)	Inner product of two arrays.
outer(a, b[, out])	Compute the outer product of two vectors.
matmul(a, b[, out])	Matrix product of two arrays.
tensordot(a, b[, axes])	Compute tensor dot product along specified axes for arrays >= 1-D.
einsum(subscripts, *operands[, out, dtype, …])	Evaluates the Einstein summation convention on the operands.
einsum_path(subscripts, *operands[, optimize])	Evaluates the lowest cost contraction order for an einsum expression by considering the creation of intermediate arrays.
linalg.matrix_power(M, n)	Raise a square matrix to the (integer) power n.
kron(a, b)	Kronecker product of two arrays.

分解

方法	描述
linalg.cholesky(a)	Cholesky decomposition.
linalg.qr(a[, mode])	Compute the qr factorization of a matrix.
linalg.svd(a[, full_matrices, compute_uv])	Singular Value Decomposition.

特征值特征向量

方法	描述
linalg.eig(a)	Compute the eigenvalues and right eigenvectors of a square array.
linalg.eigh(a[, UPLO])	Return the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a Hermitian or symmetric matrix.
linalg.eigvals(a)	Compute the eigenvalues of a general matrix.
linalg.eigvalsh(a[, UPLO])	Compute the eigenvalues of a Hermitian or real symmetric matrix.

Norms and other numbers

方法	描述
linalg.norm(x[, ord, axis, keepdims])	求范数，默认是二范数
linalg.cond(x[, p])	Compute the condition number of a matrix.
linalg.det(a)	Compute the determinant of an array.
linalg.matrix_rank(M[, tol, hermitian])	Return matrix rank of array using SVD method
linalg.slogdet(a)	Compute the sign and (natural) logarithm of the determinant of an array.
trace(a[, offset, axis1, axis2, dtype, out])	Return the sum along diagonals of the array.

Solving equations and inverting matrices

方法	描述
linalg.solve(a, b)	Solve a linear matrix equation, or system of linear scalar equations.
linalg.tensorsolve(a, b[, axes])	Solve the tensor equation a x = b for x.
linalg.lstsq(a, b[, rcond])	Return the least-squares solution to a linear matrix equation.
linalg.inv(a)	Compute the (multiplicative) inverse of a matrix.
linalg.pinv(a[, rcond])	Compute the (Moore-Penrose) pseudo-inverse of a matrix.
linalg.tensorinv(a[, ind])	Compute the ‘inverse’ of an N-dimensional array.