Spring Boot下MongoDB实战

最新推荐文章于 2026-07-02 12:56:34 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2026-07-02 12:56:34 发布 · 771 阅读

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Spring Boot

本文详细介绍了如何使用Spring Boot框架整合MongoDB数据库，包括安装配置、领域模型设计、数据访问层实现、控制器编写及测试等关键步骤，旨在帮助开发者快速上手并掌握这一技能。

一安装MongoDB

1 Docker安装

安装完成后，执行下面命令：

docker run -d -p 27017:27017 mongo

2 VirtualBox下做一次端口映射

3 下载MongoDB数据库管理软件Robomongo

下载地址

http://www.robomongo.org

二新建Spring Boot项目

新增依赖

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

三新建领域模型

1 Person源码

package com.wisely.ch8_6_1.domain;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;

import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Document;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Field;

@Document //该注解映射领域模型和MongoDB的文档
public class Person {
    //表明这个属性为文档的Id
    @Id
    private String id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    //此属性在文档中的名称为locs，locations属性将以数组形式存在当前数据记录中
    @Field("locs")
    private Collection<Location> locations =  new LinkedHashSet<Location>();
    

    public Person(String name, Integer age) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Collection<Location> getLocations() {
        return locations;
    }

    public void setLocations(Collection<Location> locations) {
        this.locations = locations;
    }
    

}

2 Location源码

package com.wisely.ch8_6_1.domain;

public class Location {
    
    private String place;
    
    private String year;
    
    public Location(String place, String year) {
        super();
        this.place = place;
        this.year = year;
    }

    public String getPlace() {
        return place;
    }

    public void setPlace(String place) {
        this.place = place;
    }

    public String getYear() {
        return year;
    }

    public void setYear(String year) {
        this.year = year;
    }
}

四数据访问

package com.wisely.ch8_6_1.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.data.mongodb.repository.MongoRepository;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.repository.Query;

import com.wisely.ch8_6_1.domain.Person;

public interface PersonRepository extends MongoRepository<Person, String> {
    //支持方法名查询
    Person findByName(String name);
    
    //支持@Query查询，查询参数构造JSON字符串即可
    @Query("{'age': ?0}")
    List<Person> withQueryFindByAge(Integer age);

}

五控制器

package com.wisely.ch8_6_1.web;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.wisely.ch8_6_1.dao.PersonRepository;
import com.wisely.ch8_6_1.domain.Location;
import com.wisely.ch8_6_1.domain.Person;

@RestController
public class DataController {
    
    @Autowired
    PersonRepository personRepository;
    //测试保存数据
    @RequestMapping("/save")
    public Person save(){
        Person  p = new Person("wyf",32);
        Collection<Location> locations =  new LinkedHashSet<Location>();
        Location loc1 = new Location("上海","2009");
        Location loc2 = new Location("合肥","2010");
        Location loc3 = new Location("广州","2011");
        Location loc4 = new Location("马鞍山","2012");
        locations.add(loc1);
        locations.add(loc2);
        locations.add(loc3);
        locations.add(loc4);
        p.setLocations(locations);
        
        return personRepository.save(p);
    }
    //测试方法名查询
    @RequestMapping("/q1")
    public Person q1(String name){
        return personRepository.findByName(name);
    }
    //测试@Query查询
    @RequestMapping("/q2")
    public List<Person> q2(Integer age){
        return personRepository.withQueryFindByAge(age);
    }

}

六主类

@SpringBootApplication
public class Ch861Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Ch861Application.class, args);
    }
}
@Configuration
//启动MongoDB的支持
@EnableMongoRepositories
class AppConfig{

}

七测试

1 测试保存数据

浏览器输入：http://localhost:8080/save

页面显示结果如下：