D. Flowers Codeforces Round #271(div2)

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原创最新推荐文章于 2024-03-15 16:32:20 发布 1.5k 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

Codeforces 474D Flowers 动态规划法话说好久没写算法代码了，工作了有点忙的了，不过算法始终是我的挚爱，故此还是尽量抽时间和挚爱来个约会。 Codeforces的题目是最适合练手的了，下面是一道不算难的动态规划法题目，先上题：D. Flowerstime limit per test1.5 seconds memory limit per test256 megabytes inputstandard input outputs 阅读详情

We saw the little game Marmot made for Mole's lunch. Now it's Marmot's dinner time and, as we all know, Marmot eats flowers. At every dinner he eats some red and white flowers. Therefore a dinner can be represented as a sequence of several flowers, some of them white and some of them red.

But, for a dinner to be tasty, there is a rule: Marmot wants to eat white flowers only in groups of size k.

Now Marmot wonders in how many ways he can eat between a and b flowers. As the number of ways could be very large, print it modulo1000000007 (109 + 7).

Input

Input contains several test cases.

The first line contains two integers t and k (1 ≤ t, k ≤ 105), where t represents the number of test cases.

The next t lines contain two integers ai and bi (1 ≤ ai ≤ bi ≤ 105), describing the i-th test.

Output

Print t lines to the standard output. The i-th line should contain the number of ways in which Marmot can eat between ai and bi flowers at dinner modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7).

Sample test(s)

input
3 2
1 3
2 3
4 4

output
6
5
5

Note

For K = 2 and length 1 Marmot can eat (R).
For K = 2 and length 2 Marmot can eat (RR) and (WW).
For K = 2 and length 3 Marmot can eat (RRR), (RWW) and (WWR).
For K = 2 and length 4 Marmot can eat, for example, (WWWW) or (RWWR), but for example he can't eat (WWWR).

状态转移方程 dp[i]=dp[i-1]+dp[i-k]。取模要特别注意。

代码：

#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
const long long mod = 1000000007;
const int maxn=100000;
long long dp[maxn+100];
long long sum[maxn+100];
using namespace std;
int main(){
    int n,k;
    memset(sum, 0, sizeof(sum));
    scanf("%d %d",&n,&k);
    sum[0]=0;
    dp[0]=1;
    for(int i=1;i<k;++i){
        dp[i]=1;
        sum[i]=sum[i-1]+dp[i];
    }
    for(int i=k;i<=maxn;++i){
        dp[i]=dp[i-1]+dp[i-k];
        dp[i]%=mod;
        sum[i]=sum[i-1]+dp[i];
        sum[i]%=mod;
    }
    int a,b;
    for(int i=0;i<n;++i){
        scanf("%d %d",&a,&b);
        printf("%I64d\n",(sum[b]-sum[a-1]+mod)%mod);
    }
    return 0;
}