OpenCV示例学习（二）：基本图形绘制算子：line(),circle(),fillPoly(), ellipse()

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本文介绍了OpenCV中用于基本图形绘制的函数，包括使用line()绘制线，circle()绘制实心圆，fillPoly()绘制凹多边形，以及ellipse()绘制不同角度和尺寸的椭圆。

OpenCV示例学习（二）：基本图形绘制算子：line(),circle(),fillPoly(), ellipse()

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>

using namespace cv;

#define WINDOW_NAME1 "【绘制图1】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "【绘制图2】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 600                 //定义窗口大小的宏

void DrawEllipse(Mat img, double angle);//绘制椭圆
void DrawFilledCircle(Mat img, Point center);//绘制圆
void DrawPolygon(Mat img);//绘制多边形
void DrawLine(Mat img, Point start, Point end);//绘制线段

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);
	// 创建空白的Mat图像
    Mat atomImage = Mat::zeros(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, CV_8UC3);
    Mat rookImage = Mat::zeros(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, CV_8UC3);
    
    //一、绘制化学中的原子示例图
    // 1、先绘制出椭圆
    DrawEllipse(atomImage, 90);
    DrawEllipse(atomImage, 0);
    DrawEllipse(atomImage, 45);
    DrawEllipse(atomImage, -45);

    // 2、再绘制圆心
    DrawFilledCircle(atomImage, Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_WIDTH / 2));

    //二、绘制组合图
    //1、先绘制出椭圆
    DrawPolygon(rookImage);

    //2、绘制矩形
    rectangle(rookImage,
        Point(0, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8),
        Point(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH),
        Scalar(0, 255, 255),
        -1,
        8);

    //3、绘制一些线段
    DrawLine(rookImage, Point(0, 15 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16), Point(WINDOW_WIDTH, 15 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16));
    DrawLine(rookImage, Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8), Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH));
    DrawLine(rookImage, Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8), Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_WIDTH));
    DrawLine(rookImage, Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8), Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH));

    //三、显示绘制出的图像
    imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, atomImage);
    moveWindow(WINDOW_NAME1, 0, 200);
    imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, rookImage);
    moveWindow(WINDOW_NAME2, WINDOW_WIDTH, 200);

    waitKey(0);
}

2）DrawEllipse()实现了绘制不同角度、相同尺寸的椭圆：

void DrawEllipse(Mat img, double angle)
{
    int thickness = 2;
    int lineType = 8;

    ellipse(img,
        Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_WIDTH / 2),	// 椭圆中心
        Size(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH / 16),	// 外切矩形
        angle,										// 椭圆旋转角度
        0,
        360,
        Scalar(255, 129, 0),						// 蓝色
        thickness,									// 线宽
        lineType);									// 线性 （连通性）
}

3）DrawFilledCircle()实现了实心圆的绘制：

void DrawFilledCircle(Mat img, Point center)
{
    int thickness = -1;
    int lineType = 8;

    circle(img,
        center,
        WINDOW_WIDTH / 32,
        Scalar(0, 0, 255),
        thickness,
        lineType);
}

4）DrawPolygon()实现了凹多边形的绘制：

void DrawPolygon(Mat img)
{
    int lineType = 8;

    //创建一些点
    Point rookPoints[1][20];
    rookPoints[0][0] = Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
    rookPoints[0][1] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
    rookPoints[0][2] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);
    rookPoints[0][3] = Point(11 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);
    rookPoints[0][4] = Point(19 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 32, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
    rookPoints[0][5] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
    rookPoints[0][6] = Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
    rookPoints[0][7] = Point(26 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
    rookPoints[0][8] = Point(26 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);
    rookPoints[0][9] = Point(22 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);
    rookPoints[0][10] = Point(22 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
    rookPoints[0][11] = Point(18 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
    rookPoints[0][12] = Point(18 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);
    rookPoints[0][13] = Point(14 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 4);
    rookPoints[0][14] = Point(14 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
    rookPoints[0][15] = Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
    rookPoints[0][16] = Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
    rookPoints[0][17] = Point(13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 32, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8);
    rookPoints[0][18] = Point(5 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);
    rookPoints[0][19] = Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16);


    const Point *ppt[1] = { rookPoints[0] }; //	一个元素的 point 指针数组：每个元素表示指向一个point结构类型的存储地址
    //const Point** ppt = &(rookPoints[0]);
    //int npt[] = { 20 };
    int ival = 20;
    int *npt = &ival;

    fillPoly(img,
        &ppt[0],			// 多边形顶点集合
        npt,				// 多边形顶点数目
        1,
        Scalar(255, 255, 255),
        lineType);
}

5)DrawLine()实现了线的绘制

void DrawLine(Mat img, Point start, Point end)
{
    int thickness = 2;
    int lineType = 8;
    line(img,
        start,			// 起始点
        end,			// 终止点
        Scalar(0, 0, 0),
        thickness,
        lineType);
}