DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0883

Authors: Talgat Zhussipbek, Talgat Yechshzhanov, Irina Lushpaeva, Shamil Sheymardanov

Abstract: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Emotional Intelligence (EI) components and Internet Addiction (IA) symptoms among adolescents, with a specific focus on gender differences. We sought to identify which EI factors may serve as protective or risk factors for IA, potentially informing targeted psychological interventions.The article is based on a survey of teenagers (n = 86). The research employed descriptive statistics, quantitative data processing techniques, and psychodiagnostic techniques.According to the study's findings, it is possible to boost one's self-motivation by having a developmental impact on easier behavior control and identifying warning signals of Internet addiction.Our understanding of emotional intelligence and its correlates is strengthened by the research findings, which show how social and cultural changes, such as the rise of non-chemical addiction, have an impact on emotional intelligence. This implies that as society changes, so too does the way we understand and experience emotions. The study takes a close look at the details of self-motivation, behavior control, and emotional intelligence in the digital age.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0865

Authors: Ashur Yaxshiyev, Dilnoza Begmatova, Marianna Muratova, Gulnara Valiulina

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to analyze semantic structures in children with speech underdevelopment and describe the algorithm of diagnostic research to arrange a qualitative correctional work to form semantic fields in preschool children with special needs.Research methods include theoretical ones to study psychological and defectological works of scientists and practitioners to analyze the mechanisms of semantic fields formation in children with special needs and practical methods to study the semantic development, and the semantic field of objective activity in mastering the Russian language. These methods provided quantitative data and a qualitative analysis of the responses’ results. 50 children with severe speech disorders attending nursery schools in Bataysk participated in the study.The research results showed that children with severe speech disorders had, in general, a low level of formation in all areas under study: the volume of the passive and active vocabulary, the semantic structure of the word and lexical consistency, word formation, and the semantic field. Conclusions and recommendations. The study provides ample evidence of the need to create a structure of correctional work to form semantic connections in children with various speech disorders. The paper proposes an algorithm for studying the speech functional system of preschoolers.The research findings could be beneficial for speech pathologists and speech therapists, educators and parents to develop preschoolers’ speech, as well as for teachers to elaborate a course of lectures and seminars on teaching methods of correctional work aimed to develop the semantic side of speech in persons with disabilities.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0853

Authors: Tulqin Xudayqulov, Fayoza Usmonova, Liana Orenburova, Aisylu Garifullina

Abstract: Identification of future teacher training opportunities in the context of their multipotential abilities development in the process of training at university can provide good support for fulfilling students’ full potential. The development of multipotential abilities of future teachers when studying at university is an understudied area of research. The present study has shown that multipotentials possess soft skills. Timely identification and development of additional skills beyond qualification requirements will allow the teacher training system to create a generation of creative teachers who are able to respond effectively to non-standard challenges that the education system face today. Tangible results in this area can be achieved by building a model for the development of multipotential abilities of future teachers, putting soft skills at the forefront. This paper presents the results of four surveys of 124 first-year master’s degree students majoring in teacher education. The study confirmed that the respondents who received a bachelor's degree in another specialty, which indicates a tendency towards multipotentiality, have predominantly developed communication, creativity, cooperation and critical thinking skills. The study revealed that multipotentials have a high level of both hard and soft skills, which helps them in their professional activities. Thus, multipotential teachers can be nurtured by developing soft skills.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0839

Authors: Feruza Xomudjonova, Asliddin Nurmatov, Veronika B. Veretennikova, Agzam Valeev

Abstract: Maintaining the quality of teaching in university training is an urgent task for teachers. The implementation of the federal state standard of higher education in the direction 44.03.02 “Psychological and Pedagogical Education” provides for the formation of systemic thinking, as the ability to search, analyze and synthesize information, and apply a systematic approach to solve search problems. It turns out that conducting lectures and practical classes should take into account the activation of students’ learning and cognitive activity, and, at the same time, form their skills of analysis, classification, systematization, generalization of information, its logical construction, highlighting of essential connections. For this purpose, teachers’ reference outlines can be useful. The given article describes the author’s methodology of developing reference outlines for future teachers of preschool organisations for individualization of training and providing targeted assistance to students, on the example of the formation of pedagogical thinking and professional and pedagogical competence. The didactic, competence and qualimetric approaches were the methodological basis of the study. One of the leading methods of pedagogical qualimetry – group expert evaluation – was chosen as the main research tool. On the basis of the expertise, the content of the author’s methodology for the development of reference outlines of students – future teachers of preschool education was determined.The materials of the research can be useful for university teachers in the process of preparation and targeted correction of students’ preparedness, oriented to professional-pedagogical activity, as they allow a more reasoned approach to the design of individual educational trajectories of students.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0827

Authors: Yunus Xolikov, Khurshida Ashurova, Nadezhda Borisova

Abstract: This article presents the results of a study aimed at identifying the characteristics of social skills in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders. The study methodically examined both quantitative and qualitative data derived from observations and questionnaires administered to parents, teachers, and professionals working with children diagnosed with autism. The analysis focused on critical aspects such as the manifestation of social interactivity, the capacity for non-verbal communication, the level of empathy, and the understanding of social norms. The study was conducted in preschool educational institutions and rehabilitation centers for children with disabilities in Kazan. The study involved 16 participants (13 boys and 3 girls), ranging in age from 3 to 7. A thorough analysis of the research results indicated that the social skills of the children under study were either not formed or were formed at a rudimentary level. The analysis revealed that the majority of the children under study exhibited an absence of peer and adult interaction. Furthermore, children have not yet developed play activities and self-care skills. The majority of the children exhibited a low level of initiative and activity. Additionally, these children demonstrated behaviors such as excessive noise and aggression. The practical significance of this study lies in the fact that the results presented can be used by professionals working with children with autism spectrum disorders. These results can form the basis for developing individualized educational plans aimed at helping these children develop social skills.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0815

Authors: Muqaddas Ibragimova, Mahchehra Tuychieva, Olga Yashina, Valerian Gabdulсhakov

Abstract: The paper presents the research-oriented technology designed to develop bilingual students’ competencies in producing original texts in a second language. Conventional pedagogical approaches fail to adequately address the need to develop skills in creating coherent texts in a second language. In our opinion, this skill requires a clear understanding of the mechanisms involved in constructing coherent speech across different languages, the ability to positively transfer overlapping communication patterns (transposition), and the capacity to mitigate interference caused by divergent linguistic structures in both written and oral forms. The authors hypothesized that this will improve the quality of university students’ coherent speech in both languages. This research aimed to develop the content of the research-oriented technology for bilingual university students. The technology can be used to teach students coherent speech considering the linguistic phenomena of both positive (transposition) and negative (interference) influence of the native language on the second language. Research objectives were: 1) to develop an algorithm for students’ research activities; 2) to determine the content of the technology; 3) to test tasks aimed at successfully overcoming errors typical for bilinguals. Coherent speech is conceptualized in this study and encompasses the mechanisms of inter-phrasal coherence, consistent utilization of structural and semantic units, and linguistic devices for stylistic cohesion. The empirical results indicate that the number of university students successfully generating original texts in the second language increased by approximately 50%. This enabled us to conclude that this pedagogical framework not only encourages independent inquiry but also imparts the skills necessary to perform transposition, overcome interference, and compare linguistic features. It develops the students’ ability to analyse and construct coherent texts in both native and second languages, thereby advancing their overall linguistic proficiency.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0801

Authors: Guzal Umurova, Noila Ochilova, Galina Semenova-Poliakh, Tatiana Trifonova

Abstract: The problem of school management efficiency is topical, especially in the periphery. Often the issue is based on the competences of a manager and his/her psycho-emotional reserves. Emotional intelligence and burnout of rural school managers are poorly studied. Therefore, the aim of the study is to determine the psycho-emotional resources/limitations of rural school managers in their connection with managerial competences.Rural school principals’ managerial resources turned out to be skills of goal-setting, leadership, influence on others, management of others’ states, and empathy. Creativity, problem-solving skills are limited; personal values are blurred. Reflection of one’s emotions and self-regulation are less developed. Formalism is inherent in work, experience of professional failure. The analysis of correlates and regressions has shown: skills of behavioural regulation, empathy, management of others’ condition, identification of emotions expand managers’ competences. Professional burnout reduces managerial potential (reflection of managerial work, aspiration to innovations, search for balance of personal and business goals, skills of team building, leadership, influence on others), blocks manifestations of emotional intelligence (differentiation, regulation of one’s own states and others).Professional burnout and low emotional intelligence create risks in the activity of rural school managers. Managerial potential can be improved by developing creativity, self-regulation, problem-solving skills, and defining values.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0791

Authors: Sitora Ummatova, Abira Baxramova, Nailya Salikhova, Albina Salikhova

Abstract: Psychological well-being is of great importance for future teachers, as the psychological state of their students will largely depend on it. The foundations of psychological well-being are represented by the concept of existential fulfillment as a personal generalized evaluation of life in terms of its consistency with person’s inner essence. The problem of the study is derived out of the lack of research about connectedness of existential fulfillment with personal values which define direction and decisions of a person's life. Ranking values by their importance and accessibility method and the existence scale were used to collect data from 118 postgraduate students aged 24-30 years. The results of statistical analysis showed that the level of existential fulfillment is generally independent from most personal values, and only some values are associated with existential fulfillment. Some values support high level of existential fulfillment, while others oppose it. Values of close relationships, namely love, friendship and a happy family life in their importance parameter are correlated with existential fulfilment. The more important these values are for a person, the higher his/her existential fulfillment is. On the opposite, the higher importance of the value “Wealth” and, to a lesser extent, the value “Freedom” the lesser is existential fulfillment. Some values were also identified, the high levels of the availability of which are also inversely related to the feeling of existential fulfillment, these include the values “Beauty of nature and art” and “Creativity”.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0775

Authors: Navruza Umirova, Dilorom Ulasheva, Tatyana Gainutdinova, Olga Shirokova

Abstract: The relevance of the presented study is due to the need to ensure the fundamental nature of education in the system of professional training of students of mathematical faculties in the field of higher mathematics, digital technologies and programming. The article discusses the features of studying the course "Geometric fractals", which is a subject that integrates knowledge in higher mathematics and digital technologies. A description of technologies for using affine and projective geometric transformations in the construction of fractals and their implementation in Maple is proposed. The laws of constructing L-systems for fractal curves on a plane using turtle graphics in Python are considered. This study is aimed at organizing the interaction of a teacher with students, where teaching aids play an important role, allowing: to increase the amount of necessary educational information; improve understanding of the studied material; to systematize knowledge in subjects; develop the research abilities of students; create individual trajectories for studying a subject; increase the use of digital technologies in teaching the discipline "Geometric fractals". To prove the effectiveness of modern approaches in the proposed methodology, a set of tasks was tested that contributes to the implementation of interdisciplinary connections and the formation of students' sustainable interest in the study of higher mathematics, digital technologies and programming.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0763

Authors: Nilufar Turdieva, Abror Askarov, Almaz M. Galimov, Roza Bakhtieva

Abstract: The aim of this study is to develop and test an algorithm for organizational and pedagogical actions to determine and formalize quality indicators of higher education in a multicultural environment using fuzzy logic. The Mamdani algorithm is used as a fuzzy logic tool as a systematic basis for the process of determining quality indicators of higher education. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved during the study: using linguistic variables, 21 parameters and 85 quality indicators were determined in various fields, including the socio-cultural one; rule bases were determined through expert analysis, which were subsequently optimized using the principles of comparing intermediate values, prioritizing larger elements, and ensuring the compatibility of results; dependency surfaces were constructed using the MATLAB software package, which made it possible to analyze input-output relationships using fuzzification, logical inference, composition, and defuzzification. The procedure for determining quality indicators of higher education in a multicultural environment using fuzzy logic developed by the authors was tested at two universities in the Republic of Uzbekistan. It has been demonstrated that this organizational and pedagogical support system provides an accurate, reliable, and detailed quality assessment that surpasses traditional methods. In practice, the university’s formalized quality parameters can be integrated into an automated quality monitoring system, increasing the transparency of management decisions. The study’s results may be useful to higher education institution administrators, policymakers, and quality assurance specialists in higher education, as well as researchers studying evidence-based management practices.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0749

Authors: Ermat Tilayev, Mirsanjar Sanayev, Violetta Garachshenko, Kamilla Ziganshina

Abstract: The increasing global prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) necessitates equipping educators with specialized skills, a challenge acutely faced by the socio-economically diverse BRICS nations in their pursuit of inclusive education. The purpose of this study is to conduct a structural and functional analysis of the models of professional training for teachers working with children with ASD in the BRICS countries. The main objectives are to identify the core approaches, shared strategies, and country-specific adaptations of the above-mentioned models and to compare them within the inclusive education frameworks. Employing a qualitative comparative case study design underpinned by Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, the study analyzes policy documents and scholarly literature (2015–2023) to examine interactions across macro-, exo-, meso-, and micro-systemic levels. Findings reveal significant disparities in policy implementation, resource allocation, and cultural adaptation mechanisms. A pervasive policy-practice gap, a pronounced urban-rural training divide, and divergent efficacy in localizing imported models were identified as cross-national patterns. Common systemic constraints include a deficit in integrating evidence-based practices, a critical shortage of diagnostic services, and fragmented collaborative linkages between universities and schools. The study’s novelty lies in its holistic, multi-level comparative analysis, which moves beyond isolated national case studies to reveal interconnected systemic barriers and leverage points across the BRICS bloc, offering a synthesized perspective on teacher preparation for inclusive education. Future research should pilot integrated digital platforms to mitigate resource disparities and develop scalable, culturally adaptive training modules tailored to specific national contexts within the alliance.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0737

Authors: Davronbek Tilavov, Zahro Islomova, Aisylu Khamitova

Abstract: This article presents the results of an empirical study on the peculiarities of spatial and temporal representations in bilingual preschool children with general speech underdevelopment. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a neuropsychological corrective program for the development of spatial and temporal representations in bilingual preschool children with general speech underdevelopment. The study involved 28 bilingual children aged 5–6 years with general speech underdevelopment, divided into experimental and control groups. Neuropsychological diagnostic tools were used, including methods for spatial representations, the Denman test for visual-spatial gnosis, and the technique for assessing temporal concepts. The results showed that children in the experimental group demonstrated statistically significant improvements in the understanding and verbalization of spatial and temporal categories, compared to the control group. The findings support the effectiveness of using neuropsychological techniques in speech therapy practice for bilingual children with speech delays. The novelty of the research lies in the integration of neuropsychological diagnostics and corrective approaches for the development of spatial and temporal representations in bilingual preschoolers, a field that remains insufficiently explored. The results can be applied in the practical work of speech therapists and special educators working with bilingual children in preschool educational settings.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0725

Authors: Zhonibek Tanikulov, Muminakhon Rakhimova, Lilia Pavlova

Abstract: The number of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) worldwide is growing every year. In Russia, special attention is paid to compensatory groups for children, which provide educational, training, and correctional opportunities for children with special needs. This requires an increase in the requirements for teachers and a revision of the training programs for future teachers at universities. The purpose of this study is to theoretically substantiate and experimentally verify the model for preparing future teachers to work with children with ASD in a compensatory group. As part of a pedagogical experiment, the developed model was integrated into the educational process at the Institute of Psychology and Education. The experimental group (EG) consisted of 50 students, while the control group (KG) included 45 students from the Birsky branch of the Ufa University of Science and Technology. At the control stage, EG showed a higher level of development of the motivational, cognitive, active, moral, ethical and reflexive components of readiness to work with children with ASD compared with CG. The introduction of the new model has increased the willingness of future teachers to work with children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in a compensatory education environment. This is of practical importance, as it is aimed at improving the effectiveness of pre-school teacher training and expanding the scope of inclusive pre-school education. In the future, it would be advisable to adapt this model for the training of teachers working with other diseases.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0711

Authors: Gulsum Tagiyeva, Zafar Khujanov, Irina M. Puchkova

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to assess the relationship between professional self-consciousness and readiness for professional activity. Students’ readiness for professional activities is the basis for successful adaptation to the requirements of the profession in the future. In the process of professional education great importance is given to the qualification component of readiness for professional activity: knowledge, skills and abilities. At the same time, the most important factor in professional development is psychological readiness, which includes student's conscious attitude to the chosen specialty, motivation to solve professional tasks, and a certain level of expression of professionally important qualities. An important role in the development of readiness is given to professional self-awareness. The theoretical basis of the conducted empirical research is an idea of Lomov (1984) on the cognitive, regulatory and communicative subsystems in the structure of human psychology, the theoretical model of psychological readiness for professional activity, approaches to defining the content of professional self-awareness. The study involved students of the humanities, natural sciences and technical direction of training. The correlation between psychological readiness for professional activity and the components of professional self-awareness were used in the process of empirical research. The establishment the relationship between the level of readiness for professional activity and professional self-awareness allows to attribute self-awareness to the determining conditions for the development of readiness. The results of the study can be used in the process of professional education to assess and develop the student's readiness for professional activity.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0695

Authors: Nizomiddin Suyarqulov, Dilorom Jalilova, Irina Nigmatullina, Veronika Vasina

Abstract: It is relevant in modern conditions to analyze diagnostic methods depending on scientific approaches in 5 areas that are significant for the development of children with ASD: cognitive, social-communicative, speech, physical and artistic-aesthetic.The aim of the study is to conduct an analytical review of modern scientific approaches and diagnostic methods aimed at studying the educational capabilities of preschool children with ASD. The theoretical substantiation of the problem was based on the analysis of literary sources and generalization of foreign and domestic approaches. It has been established that there are possibilities for using standardized means, but they have significant limitations. Methods adequate to the level of development of preschoolers with ASD have been identified. The results were processed using content analysis.The results of the study showed, despite the abundance of diagnostic tools, there is a shortage of comprehensive methods that adequately assess educational capabilities, especially in non-verbal preschoolers with ASD. Conclusions of the study, its novelty. The material of the study was diagnostic methods aimed at studying the educational capabilities of children with ASD. Based on the review, acceptable diagnostic methods for preschoolers with ASD in various areas of development were identified. The comparative method was used as a research tool. Research perspective. The practical significance of the work lies in the systematization of existing diagnostic tools for specialists and (further) the substantiation of the need to develop new complex methods that take into account the specifics, especially non-verbal, of children with ASD.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0685

Authors: Gulnoza Sultanova, Makhbuba Ergasheva, Alina Shakirova, Larisa Korneeva

Abstract: China has long been the leader of outgoing mobility and in the article, we describe the mechanisms that the Chinese government uses to attract students to Chinese universities and to provide Chinese students with the opportunities of studying abroad. The purpose of this research is to analyze and systematize the legal normative basis of organizing academic mobility in China, forms of student mobility (current mobility programs and scholarships at the governmental level), and present up-to-date tendencies on the main flows of mobile students, leaders of the world incoming and outgoing mobility. Methods of literature analysis, comparative method and statistical data processing method are used in the study. Analysis of the number and share of international students is based on the UNESCO official data given in the report «Facts and Figures on the Internationalization of Studies and Research in Germany and Worldwide» by DAAD centre. At the governmental level mobility has the normative basis in the form of the Law on Education, and there are also several scholarships and programs that effectively perform their main objective of attracting foreign students. Thus, academic mobility might be considered an element of Chinese soft power aiming at promoting Chinese education. Still there are some challenges, like credit recognition, student services, linguistic and financial issues, psychological service, for mobile students – these problems are perspectives for further study and might be interesting for the researchers in the field of comparative pedagogy.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0669

Authors: Dildora Sulaymanova, Rushanа Tukhtasheva, Leysan Kayumova, Valeria Chernikova

Abstract: The article examines the phenomenon of Internet bullying in the educational environment and the readiness of primary school teachers to work with online aggression. Bullying on the Internet is a rather hidden process for others; however, mental injuries inflicted on a person through psychological bullying significantly reduce the possibilities of his development and the quality of his life, leading to serious long-term consequences. Internet bullying is considered as a multifactorial phenomenon in the network and its psychological and pedagogical features in the educational process. Cyberbullying takes various forms already at the stage of primary general education: from direct messages to public rumors and offensive photos, and also the “offender” remains unnoticed.Bullying and slander in the educational environment of primary schools is becoming widespread, which necessitates the creation of effective conditions for its prevention.To date, the situation is complicated by the fact that the number of only recorded episodes of bullying based on complaints from teachers and schoolchildren about online bullying is growing unconditionally. At the same time, many consider the Internet a safe environment. Such a trust in often unreliable or deliberately false information reflects the increased risk of psychological impact on teachers and students.Effective identification of strategies and methods of coping with cyberbullying, identification of the level of influence of the negative Internet environment on the personality of an elementary school teacher can be carried out with the implementation of an integrated approach through a detailed study of the psychological and pedagogical features of the phenomenon.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0657

Authors: Nasiba Sidikova, Anastasiya Vaxidova, Elmira Murtazina, Faida Rakhimullina

Abstract: The high emotional intensity, responsibility, and complexity of the education workers professional activities increase the risk of developing “mental burnout” syndrome. The impact of the personality value sphere on the manifestation of the syndrome has not been sufficiently defined, and therefore prevention measures and ways of its elimination remain focused only at external factors. The research purpose was to identify the education workers value orientations with varying levels of emotional burnout in uncertainty situations. We believe that the most important factor in preventing burnout syndrome is the block of individual factors. Research methods: The primary methods include a theoretical analysis of scientific psychological literature and empirical research methods (testing) that utilize techniques to diagnose value orientations and characteristics of emotional burnout in uncertainty situations. Conclusions and recommendations: Teachers and nursery teachers have a process of emotional, physical fatigue due to a large number of contacts with people. The study reveals differences in value orientations and life spheres among educators. For a group of nursery teachers, their own prestige, high financial situation, self-development and altruistic meanings are important. Teachers are determined to high financial position and self-realization. Life spheres analysis showed the preference in groups of nursery teachers and teachers for the passion values and professional life. Family and social life hold less significance. The research results can be practically applied for educators and psychologists.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0643

Authors: Asror Shonazarov, Ochil Suyunov, Anna Lavrenteva, Ruslan Khakimzyanov

Abstract: To prevent emotional burnout, it is essential to have awareness of present-day stress factors in education. Therefore, the study is aimed at determining the characteristics of stress factors and emotional burnout as well as their correlation in the education process of medical students at the present stage of lifting Covid restrictions. A conducted online cross-sectional study analyzed the data obtained from 143 freshman, sophomore, junior and senior medical students, who voluntarily took part in it. Research methods comprise theoretical analysis, testing, questionnaire method, statistical method; testing methods include the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Test for Educational Stress elaborated by Yu.V. Shcherbatykh, the Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient. The research revealed similarities and differences between stress factors, leading to emotional burnout, and the year of study. Emotional burnout among medical students of all grades is related to strict university lecturers, incomprehensible and boring textbooks, unwillingness to study, disappointment in the profession, irregular meals, fear of the future. Anxiety due to COVID-19, pandemic restrictions and the use of distance learning technologies are associated with emotional burnout among freshman students; emotional exhaustion among senior students is connected with general anxiety due to the pandemic. The level of emotional burnout was higher among sophomore and junior students, indicating a connection between emotional burnout and learning process. Based on the data obtained, special support programs should be developed to maintain the educational process of students.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0627

Authors: Jamshid Shonazarov, Malohat Jabborova, Irina Nasretdinova

Abstract: This study focuses on the importance of developing reflexive skills as a key component of the successful professional activity of future speech therapists, which, in turn, contributes to improving the quality of speech therapy work. The purpose of this study is to diagnose the development of reflexive skills in a future speech therapist and to make recommendations for improving students' training in the field of reflexive skills. This article will use an integrated approach that includes both quantitative and qualitative research methods. We conducted a study at Kazan Federal University, which was attended by 3rd year students in speech therapy (72 students). The data obtained indicate significant challenges in understanding and implementing reflection in their professional work. Students are characterized by underdeveloped reflexive skills and a lack of systemic reflection. Misunderstandings of the concept, limited application, and skepticism about reflection create significant barriers to its successful application in the education process. The research emphasizes the need for a reconsideration of approaches to teaching reflection skills and creating a supportive environment where students can openly share their thoughts and experiences. Therefore, further study and practical application of diagnostic techniques for reflexive skills in the learning process will not only reinforce the theoretical foundation, but also contribute to the emergence of more competent and successful professionals in speech therapy. Incorporating reflexive skills into curricula is an important step towards enhancing students’ professional competence.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0615

Authors: Maruf Sherov, Rakhimjon Yusupov, Galina Yatsenko, Nataliya Tikhonova

Abstract: The problems of multicultural education are relevant for multinational countries, which makes studying the experience of nations such as France and Belgium extremely important. France is one of the first countries in Europe to introduce multicultural education, having accumulated a wealth of experience in adapting to and integrating immigrants into the educational system. The Belgian vocational and teacher training system is undergoing rapid development, actively integrating international experience and exploring best practices in the context of globalization. This study seeks to identify and validate current trends and effective multicultural education strategies implemented in Belgium and France. To achieve this objective, we employ various theoretical approaches: literature review, data interpretation, information synthesis, systematization, generalization, and comparative analysis. These approaches identify similarities and differences in approaches to multicultural education in these countries. The findings enrich the theoretical framework of multicultural and intercultural education based on the principles of humanism and dialogue. The findings reflect a balance between integration and multiculturalism, with Belgium leaning towards explicit anti-discrimination inclusion measures and France seeking to balance assimilation and pluralistic identity acquisition through intercultural education. These perspectives outline a research domain that investigates education policies, societal integration through schooling, teacher preparedness, and curriculum development that support multiculturalism and intercultural education in Belgium, France, and Europe more broadly.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0601

Authors: Nilufar Shakarova, Shaxnoza Yunuszoda, Olesya Parakhina

Abstract: The study examines the innovative model of digital transformation of pre-service teacher training, and outlines the prospects for its further introduction. The pedagogical issues of different approaches to digital transformation of the educational process and designing digital educational environment are tackled and substantiated. The aim of the study is to develop and describe a model for the digital transformation of pre-service teacher training that effectively advances their professional development in digital educational environments. The practical significance of this research is in our attempts to design a digital pre-service teacher training model that incorporates the use of digital educational platforms with artificial intelligence elements, the introduction of a digital mentoring system into pre-service training, and the redesign of the pre-service training process using gamification, game-based, and project-based learning approaches within the STEAM framework. As a result, we aim to develop a new network interaction model called «Digital Education Cluster» that will enhance the quality of pre-service teacher education. The results of the pre-service teacher training model implementation provide a basis for assessing student learning outcomes and identifying areas for improvement. This allows pre-service teachers to design personalized educational paths in the digital environment through close cooperation with employers.Further development of this initiative could involve the creation of a digital platform incorporating artificial intelligence to monitor educational activities and analyse the “digital footprints” of each student. This would allow for more precise assessment of student progress and identification of areas for improvement, leading to more effective teaching and learning experiences.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0587

Authors: Djamoliddin Saydullayev, Shohruh Ochilov, Almira M.Garifullina

Abstract: The aim of the work is to substantiate theoretically and identify experimentally the attitude of the heads of preschool educational organizations, as well as teachers working in them, to mentoring in theory and practice and to determine the range of professionally significant competencies necessary for specialists in the field of preschool education. The research method is the author’s questionnaire, which is an express questionnaire to identify the focus of the heads of preschool organizations on mentoring activities for mentees. The main research method is a theoretical analysis of domestic and foreign sources on the introduction of mentoring in a preschool organization. The respondents assumed success and achievement of the educational goals in the preschool educational organization. 68 % of respondents think about the positive interaction between a mentor and a mentee, while the remaining 32 % prepare for the assigned tasks, and how the relationship develops is irrelevant. “This is work that needs to be done” – this quote supported the arguments of 32 % of respondents. The result of the study is the identification of the attitude of mentors and mentees to mentoring activities, as well as the definition of professionally significant competencies for a preschool organization. This study can be used in the preschool education system by both heads and mentees, as well as students – future teachers.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0575

Authors: Musurman Sattarov, Svetlana Bashinova, Lola Namazbaeva, Alexandr Sukharev

Abstract: The importance of higher education as a means of socialization of individuals with disabilities and increasing their competitiveness in the labor market makes it relevant to study the experience of inclusive education in both technical and humanitarian fields of study. The purpose of this research is to analyze the status and development of inclusive higher education in Uzbekistan and Tatarstan (Russia). An analysis of the regulatory framework for inclusive education in higher education systems revealed similar functional requirements for the organization of the educational process in Uzbekistan and Russia, as well as the flexibility of our countries’ higher education systems in implementing various measures to ensure equal opportunities for people with disabilities and limited health compared to healthy individuals. A study of the inclusive education models used by the Kazan National Research Technical University, Kazan Federal University, Samarkand State University and Tashkent State Pedagogical University showed the use of joint education (with healthy people, with minimal changes in educational requirements) in the humanities (preschool pedagogy and psychology), and separate education for people with disabilities and special needs (arising from the specifics of their health) in technical areas (radio engineering, computer science, electrical energy). In the Humanities no significant differences in learning outcomes were found between able-bodied and special needs students. Problems with communication (transfer and perception of knowledge) and an insufficient level of development of thinking in special students in technical specialties were identified. Students were found to use actively mobile phones for internal communication and to search for educational information.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0559

Authors: Aktamkul Samadov, Gulchexra Kodirova, Lera A. Kamalova, Venera G. Zakirova

Abstract: Fostering patriotic feelings in primary school students is important as a foundational step in cultivating patriotism and responsible citizenship.Purpose of the Study: This research aims to establish a theoretical foundation for and empirically evaluate the efficacy of methodological approaches designed to instill patriotism in primary school students.Research Objectives:1. To formulate and theoretically justify methodological approaches to instilling patriotism in primary school students.2. To design and implement an experiment to assess the efficacy of these approaches.Methods used include: 1. V.M. Khlystov’s “Where does the Motherland begin?” 2. E.V. Fedotova and I.V. Skvortsova’s “Unfinished Sentences”; 3. V.S. Gorbunov’s “Fostering citizenship, patriotism, respect for the rights, freedoms, and duties of an individual”.The study provides a theoretical basis for methods of fostering patriotic feelings in primary school students, and experimentally demonstrates the effectiveness of cultivating patriotic feelings in primary school students through a system of in-class and extracurricular activities. High levels of patriotic feelings were found in 70% of children in the experimental group, compared to 51% of children in the control group. Conclusions and Recommendations: Fostering patriotic feelings in primary school students should be based on a three-component structure, including: a rational component (subject-based study of moral concepts); an emotional component; and an action-behavioral component.Research prospects: development of detailed diagnostic tools for determining the level of patriotic feelings in primary school students.The practical significance of the study lies in the potential use of the results in primary school education.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0545

Authors: Musharraf Salakhutdinova, Nazira Mamatova, Aida Minullina

Abstract: Current demands for defectologists are increasing. This highlights the psychological well-being of those working with children with developmental disabilities. Our study investigates the well-being of defectology students. The goal was to identify predictors of their psychological well-being.We based our work on established concepts of psychological well-being. An empirical study involved 40 first-year defectology students at KFU. Three methods were used: the SF-36 “Quality of Life” questionnaire, the “Individual Model of Psychological Health,” and the “Adaptability” multilevel personality questionnaire.Key findings show strong correlations between neuropsychic stability and most scales from the other methods. This suggests neuropsychic stability is systemically important for quality of life, psychological health, and overall well-being. The strongest links were with communicative abilities, the desire to be oneself, creative self-expression, and moral normativity.The scientific novelty of the research lies in the clarification of the concept of “psychological health” as it applies to defectology students from the perspective of an interdisciplinary approach aimed at their future professional well-being. The study empirically establishes the system-forming role of neuropsychic stability in the structure of an individual’s psychological well-being. In contrast to the group approach proposed by other authors, the results demonstrate the necessity of developing individual algorithms and correctional-developmental programs focused on fostering prosocial behavior and achieving personal comfort among students at the initial stage of university training.These results can help teachers and psychologists study well-being. They are useful for creating methodological materials, university courses, and professional development programs.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0533

Authors: Shokhista Rustamova, Zebiniso Khamrayeva, Liliya R. Fakhrutdinova, Timur Sabirov

Abstract: Currently, there is a crisis of family relations; the transformation of family institutions into a new quality is underway. Our research considers the «perezhivanie» («experiencing») communicative aspect of family relations, where we rely on the research of Fakhrutdinova (2011) on the nature of the «perezhivanie» («experiencing») as a subjective plane of family relations. She discovered the psychological mechanism of development of consciousness and personality through experiencing impressions. In this study, the experienced impression is the family relations of the respondents. The purpose of the study: to study the characteristics of family communications and the physical, emotional and cognitive characteristics of the «perezhivanie» («experiencing»). Research methods: questionnaire «Family emotional communications» by Kholmogorova et al. (2016), questionnaire «Questionnaire of the «perezhivanie» («experiencing») the FEC» by Fakhrutdinova (2008). The study involved 90 students in marital relationships aged 22 to 56 years, who are in marital relationships. Research has demonstrated the disrupted, traumatic nature of marital relationships. Marital perfectionism, as a characteristic of family communication, is statistically significantly higher in women, which may be the cause of high levels of stress in marital relationships. Men demonstrated a higher level of reflective processes in their marital «perezhivanie» («experiencing») compared to women. The absence of correlational relationships between indicators of family communication and experiences of marital relations was revealed, which confirms the presence of global disturbances in the marital relations of respondents. The practical significance of the study lies in the application of the findings in marital counseling.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0523

Authors: Branka Radulović, Maja Stojanović, Rashida Gabdrakhmanova, Oliver Zajkov

Abstract: The research is aimed at identifying the personal prerequisites of mentor teachers; self-examination of “strong” and “weak” sides in order to raise the mentor's awareness of the need for constant professional development. Mentors are responsible for increasing the level of competence, self-efficacy and self-esteem, and motivation of the mentee to stay in the profession Not every teacher can be a mentor, as the tasks of a mentor are very complex. Research into the personal qualities of a mentor is of interest. The survey was conducted in November 2021. Forty-one primary and secondary school teacher-mentors from Serbia took part in the research. The obtained results show that, to the greatest extent, teachers mentioned approachability, consistency and responsibility as the most important characteristics; among the mentors’ professional competencies they named subject competencies, willingness to cooperate, commitment, and competencies that are developed through a lifelong learning approach. The participants are willing to change their expressed empathy, which is why they listed emotionality, indulgence, cooperation with parents, and tolerance as the weakest professional competence. The study reveals that the teachers have a clear idea of their current competencies as a starting point of their professional development, and the direction of further development with regard to missing competencies.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0509

Authors: Feruza Qanoatova, A’zam Rahmatov, Natalya Novik

Abstract: Due to the active inclusion of preschoolers in the digital environment, there is an urgent need for a systematic study of theoretical and practical data in this area. Digital loads and opportunities affect parents’ competence in managing their children’s digital environment. The purpose of the study is to review empirical and theoretical works published over the past ten years on the digital well-being of parents of preschool children in order to gain more systematic knowledge in this field. The leading research methods were analysis, synthesis, and comparison. As a result, we identified four indicators that define the essence of the phenomenon under study: parental digital literacy, level of digital safety, frequency and nature of digital device use for the child’s education and leisure time, and the impact of screen time on the preschooler’s behavior and development. The scientific novelty of this study lies in its systematization of disparate information on the digital well-being of parents of preschoolers, identification of indicators that define the essence of the phenomenon under study. Future plans include conducting large-scale cross-cultural and cross-regional studies, developing valid tools for assessing parents’ digital well-being, and implementing measures aimed at improving digital literacy, monitoring screen time, and supporting family co-regulation in the digital environment.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0497

Authors: Bahodir Primov, Utkir Burxonov, Ayslu Kurbanova, Yuri Yarovikov

Abstract: The aim of the study was to identify the features of motivation of high school students who independently master the competencies of Data Science (DS) and artificial intelligence (AI). To collect empirical material, a questionnaire was developed and an online survey was conducted. We used open and closed questions, as well as techniques of the method of unfinished sentences. The obtained statements of the respondents were processed using content analysis. We identified groups of characteristic statements that reflected the attitude of schoolchildren towards AI and the motives for its in-depth independent study. The survey participants were high school students living in various regions of Russia, 18 cities. All respondents actively participate in various forms of additional educational activities on studying AI, programming and mathematics. It was shown that the most active high school students in the study of AI explain their hobby most often by cognitive motives. Confidence in the promise of these technologies, the growth of their capabilities and a critical attitude to the risks of using AI are also characteristic. Respondents draw a positive image of an AI specialist and are motivated to obtain this profession. The results of the study may be in demand by specialists who provide specialized training for high school students in computer science and mathematics; specialists in additional education and career guidance for schoolchildren; scientific and business structures interested in attracting talented young people to research and development in the field of artificial intelligence.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0481

Authors: Maxsuda Normamatova, Gavhar Barakayeva, Nadezhda Pomortseva, Farida Shigapova

Abstract: The article aims at making an insight into identifying and teaching gifted/talented (G/T) children within comprehensive schools in the English-speaking countries to determine the peculiarities and provide a typology of the international best practices in the field. To achieve the solution of the research problems the authors apply various theoretical methods including system-oriented analysis of research and practice literature on the issue; generalization and classification of innovative experience in identification and education of G/T students, etc. Though retrospective research the authors prove the peculiarity of the approach, implying the maximum inclusion of various groups of students, including the gifted ones, into the comprehensive classroom. The novelty of the research is determined by careful interpretation of general challenges and available international best practices to present a range of opportunities for improving G/T programs on national and local levels, with the prospect of developing the G/T education in comprehensive schools. The article provides a typology of G/T comprehensive school practices including training within a comprehensive regular class, school and outside school, illustrating each of them with organization form examples from a particular English-speaking country. Finally, the authors summarize on the enhanced role of the educator in nurturing G/T students in comprehensive school system, thus achieving all the goals of the current research. The findings might be of interest to teachers of special education and researchers into most humanities and social sciences.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0467

Authors: Isok-jon Negmatov, Dilovar Negmatova, Anna Zorina, Regina Khanipova

Abstract: In the USA, multicultural education in secondary schools plays a key role in preparing school students. It aims at developing respect for cultural differences and helps to prepare children for life in a multinational society. However, problems of organizing multicultural education in American schools still remain insufficiently covered in the scientific literature and require more in-depth analysis. The study’s purpose is a comprehensive analysis of multicultural education in the USA, aimed at identifying its key features and pedagogical conditions for its effective organization within the framework of school education. The following methods were used – analysis of scientific literature, regulatory documents, organizations’ websites; generalization of best practices in organizing multicultural education. Pedagogical conditions for organizing multicultural school education were identified – the formation of intercultural competence of schoolchildren; the implementation of a strategy for subject-language integrated learning; the introduction of bilingual education programs; and the implementation of project activities. The results of the study can be used in the educational process of pedagogical universities to improve the content of academic disciplines. The novelty of this study lies in the identification and substantiation of the specific features of the organization of multicultural education in US schools, as well as in the disclosure of the pedagogical conditions necessary for its effective functioning in the context of the American school educational system. The issues of scientific and methodological support for training teachers to work in a multicultural environment, providing tutoring support for students and young teachers may be promising in theoretical terms and require independent research.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0453

Authors: Sadriddin Nasimov, Shaxzoda Akhmedova, Marina Valiullina

Abstract: The purpose of this research was to study the specifics of interrelations between different types of academic motivation and experienced mental (emotional, cognitive, functional) and physical states related to the education process of high school students taking into account the peculiarities of their temperament. The tendency of the examinees to demonstrate a particular type of temperament – melancholic, choleric, phlegmatic, sanguine – was determined by comparing their level of neuroticism and extroversion. The study involved 196 high school students aged 16–17 years. As a result, differences in the structure of the studied interrelations correlated with one of the four known types of temperament were identified in groups of students. This allowed us to conclude about the specifics of academic motivation interference and self-evaluation of the frequency of experiencing several mental states depending on the respondents’ tendency to show signs of melancholic, choleric, phlegmatic, or sanguine types of behavior. It was discovered that the type of temperament determines both the number of specific interrelations and the propensity to experience certain mental states during the study due to different types of school motivation. It was revealed that the sanguine and melancholic types of temperament determine the largest number of specific relations, among which are both relations to the emotional, cognitive, and functional states, and relations with the physical states. The dependence of complaints about eyesight issues on different types of school motivation, depending on the temperament, was observed.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0437

Authors: Zarrina Narziyeva, Nishon Kiyamov, Lukmon Juraev, Anastasiia Krasnova

Abstract: The article discusses the extracurricular activities which are an important tool for promoting the development of social competencies. The aim of the study is to theoretically develop and experimentally verify the program-methodological assistance of pedagogical support for the development of social responsibility of university students in extracurricular activities. This program-methodological assistance of pedagogical support includes a content-technological model of pedagogical support for the development of social responsibility, program content of extracurricular activities, individual routes for the development of social responsibility, as well as a comprehensive diagnosis of social responsibility. Employing a combination of theoretical analysis, empirical research, and mathematical-statistical methods, the study reveals that structured extracurricular engagement significantly contributes to the development of social competencies among students. The findings indicate the importance of integrating pedagogical support into extracurricular activities to cultivate socially responsible individuals in higher education. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive approach to enhancing social responsibility among university students through a structured program-methodological framework for pedagogical support within extracurricular activities. While previous studies have acknowledged the importance of social responsibility in higher education, this research uniquely integrates theoretical development and empirical verification into a cohesive model.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0427

Authors: Rukhshona Musinova, Malika Jumazoda, Anna Sabaeva, Niyaz Latypov

Abstract: In the modern conditions of development of volunteer activities, the focus is on the formation of university students’ value orientations. Accordingly, the task of forming patriotism in modern youth is of primary importance, since patriotism is a socially approved vector of personality development. The attitude of a university student to volunteer activities depends not only on the degree of involvement in volunteering, but also on the success in forming key value orientations. The overall aim of this study is to develop new knowledge about volunteering as a factor in forming university students’ value orientations in Russian research and practice perspective. We used the systematic literature search and review to study various areas of volunteer activities, such as social, cultural, sports volunteering, etc. The study examines in detail the practice of volunteering focused on the formation of patriotism as a value and medical volunteering. Our systematic search and selection procedure focuses on literature across the key thematic areas: volunteering, volunteer activities, university students’ value orientations, and active civic position. We drew on relevant peer-reviewed journal articles, reports of students’ volunteer activities, and policy documents. In addition, the study also included the organization, monitoring, and control of volunteer activities of patriotic and humanistic orientation (medical volunteering). The study identified two of the most promising areas of volunteering: patriotic volunteering and medical volunteering.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0413

Authors: Martaba Melikova, Sherzod Suyunov, Zarema Egorova

Abstract: The objective of this study is to investigate the neuropsychological status of older preschool children with speech disorders, taking into account varying levels of emotional intelligence development. The study involved 24 children around the age of 6 with general speech underdevelopment (levels III–IV) and phonetic-phonemic underdevelopment. The assessment employed methodologies for evaluating components of emotional intelligence as well as neuropsychological diagnostics for preschoolers. The analysis revealed statistically significant correlations between levels of emotional intelligence and a number of neuropsychological indicators, particularly in the areas of expressive speech, fine motor skills, and graphic activity. Children with a high level of emotional intelligence demonstrated better development of motor and neurodynamic functions. It was found that children with an average level of emotional intelligence exhibited a much more saturated correlation matrix of neuropsychological indicators, indicating a greater interdependence of functions in the context of insufficient emotional regulation. The key structural-forming parameters differed depending on the level of emotional intelligence: in children with a high level, neurodynamics and sequential movement organization were dominant, whereas in children with an average level, neurodynamic regulation and cognitive development prevailed. The findings highlight the importance of an integrated approach in correctional and developmental work with children who have speech disorders, taking into account their level of emotional intelligence.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0401

Authors: G’ayrat Maxmudov, Numon Axmedov, Rezeda R. Khairutdinova, Svetlana Kuznetsova

Abstract: Socialization of children from migrant families is an urgent problem of the modern educational system of Russia. In this regard, there is a need to find the most successful adaptive practices for working with this category of students in elementary school. The aim of the study is to substantiate theoretically and to test experimentally effective practices of work on socialization of migrant children of primary school age. Theoretical and empirical research methods were used in the work. The participants of the experiment were first grade students representing the experimental and control groups. The total number of subjects amounted to 20 people, 7 of whom were migrant students. The results of the pedagogical experiment proved the effectiveness of training programs using game practices to solve the problems of social adaptation of migrant students in elementary school. It was revealed that the game form of classes gives foreign students the opportunity to communicate directly with their peers and teacher, helps them to overcome difficulties they face in the process of adaptation and socialization to a new environment in an entertaining way. Game educational practices have a huge educational potential, purposefully influencing the formation of the personality of newcomer children, assimilating the norms and values inherent in their host society. In the course of theoretical and empirical analysis of the stated problem, the acute need for Russian schools to organize full-scale activities aimed at supporting and accompanying migrant children was revealed, which opens up new prospects for further research in this direction.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0389

Authors: Nargiza Mavlonova, A’zam Begmatov, Natalya Kalatskaya, Albina Sirazeeva

Abstract: The role of the class teacher in the modern educational space is increasingly attracting the attention of both the state and society as a whole. The class teacher is required to comply not only with state standards, but also with the expectations of society and socio-cultural norms. An analysis of existing studies has revealed an acute shortage of activities devoted to studying the ideas of adolescents and their parents about what qualities an ideal class teacher should have. The purpose of our study is to analyze the ideas of students and their parents about what qualities an ideal class teacher should have. The Republic of Tatarstan (a region in Russia) became a research site in which 321 schoolchildren and 303 parents took part. The participants were asked to define the role of the class teacher in the class, his/her personality traits, characteristics (gender, age, hobbies, etc.). The survey results showed that students’ ideas about the ideal class teacher are practically no different from their parents’ opinions. It does not matter what gender, age, hobbies their teacher has, whether he/she plays sports, can sing or play musical instruments. Among the priority professional and personal qualities of a class teacher, respondents named “love for children”, “love for one’s work”, “patience”, “fairness”. In addition, the roles, professional skills, and abilities of an ideal class teacher were identified.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0379

Authors: Dilfuza Mamadiyarova, Shavkat Kuchiboyev, Chen Yimin, Galia Kirilova

Abstract: In the digital education environment, information technology teaching skills have become one of the most important competencies required by teachers. However, how to effectively improve teachers' IT teaching skills is an important issue. This study uses a questionnaire survey to investigate the use of IT by teachers in Uzbekistan, Russia and China to dynamically analyze the development of teachers' IT use in the three countries and to predict the trends. Based on this, the results of the questionnaire were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Firstly, the quantitative analysis was carried out. The results of the reliability and validity analysis showed that the questionnaire was well designed and the data results obtained were of high value. This allows further in-depth analysis of the data. Secondly, the quantitative analysis where the arithmetic mean was used as a reference value and the data results were interpreted based on the data results and the graphs drawn. Although there are differences in the ability of educators to use IT across countries there is a growing trend in its use. In addition, the development of IT has changed the way teachers learn to acquire IT knowledge. Finally, recommendations are made for the training of teachers in IT skills. In conclusion, it is necessary to train teachers in IT education skills.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0363

Authors: Fahriniso Lutfilloeva, Marifat Khandamova, Lira Artischeva, Ksenia Valeeva

Abstract: This study addresses the limited exploration of communicative states both generally and in specific interactional contexts. The purpose of the study is to investigate communicative states in various communication situations. The objectives of the study are to identify typical mental states that accompany and arise in various communication situations; to consider their dynamics; to determine their nomenclature. A novel questionnaire was administered to 149 participants aged 20–25, eliciting mental state reports for specific communicative scenarios. The dynamics of these states were analyzed from the beginning to the end of the communicative process. Frequency and content analyses identified the most frequently reported states for each situation. The research provides an initial examination of mental states determined by diverse communication situations and accompanying the communication process. Results indicated that communicative states differ in modality and intensity, contingent upon the specifics of the situation. Stressful and demanding situations requiring heightened engagement elicited a broader range of these states. Furthermore, the dynamics of communicative states were influenced by the communication format. In complex situations, the modality shifted from negative to positive midway through and at the conclusion of the interaction, with a concurrent decrease in intensity. These findings lay a foundation for further research into communicative states, potentially leading to the identification of a new, independent class of mental states – “states of communication,” which constitutes the study’s novelty. The findings have practical applications in educational program development, career guidance, and the cultivation of professional competencies.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0349

Authors: Farida Kuchimova, Mukhsin Mukhtarov, Oksana Vashetina, Mariia Begaeva

Abstract: Choosing a country as a destination for international education is a complex process which takes into account personal preferences, education quality, and career prospects. The current study is aimed at finding the most preferred countries and universities for international education and factors influencing students’ choices. The research was conducted in 2025 in two steps. First, the analysis was pursued with the following methods: literature and statistical data analysis (identifying the most popular countries for foreigners and the top universities with the highest percentage of international students) and induction analysis (identifying the factors influencing students’ choices). Second, the authors formulated conclusions through the apperception of key ideas. It is concluded that the most popular destinations for international education are the USA and the UK (with the steady growth for both countries in the number of international students) as well as Canada (with the most notable growth of the number of international students). The analysis of the top 200 universities ranking showed a range of international student number in 64 UK universities (from 25.8 % to 71.8 %), 18 US universities (from 25.9 % to 43.6 %) and 9 Canada universities (from 26.9 % to 34.6 %). It is also concluded that students choose to study in American, British and Canadian universities primarily because of the high education quality, high reputation of universities, career opportunities and cultural aspects. The results can be useful for university administration and personnel in developing a strategy of internationalization and attracting international students in order to remain competitive in the global educational environment.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0339

Authors: Obid Kodirov, Shaxloxon Murtazayeva, Svetlana Khusainova, Laylo Hamidova

Abstract: This article examines the significance of subjectivity and learning autonomy for the development of the value-motivational sphere of student youth. Emphasizing the youth’s insufficiency in mechanisms for resolving negative life situations, the authors of the article turn to the study of cognitive and personal coping resources of students. The purpose оf the study is to investigate the fact that the development of coping resources is shaped by a combination of individual and psychological characteristics, in addition to the situational context of learning. The authors of this paper identified that the manifestation of autonomy is reflected in the consistency and coherence of self-perceptions in terms of goal-directed productivity. The attainment of goals acts as a determining factor in the formation of a new developmental situation. It is through these mechanisms that students actively engage in the educational process, demonstrating effective task execution, while the recognition of goal attainment functions as a stimulus.In conclusion, it was observed that the effectiveness of task performance in a given context depended on the level of cognitive and intellectual coordination, as well as the ability to strike a balance between active concentration and calmness when making decisions. This article is recommended for psychologists, teachers, graduate students, and researchers engaged in the field of professional and personal development.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0325

Authors: Kibriyo Khasanova, Zarafshon Rajabova, Elvira Sabirova, Ilusa Fatyikhova

Abstract: The relevance of this study is seen in the fact that programming is gaining popularity not only among adults, but among children alike. Thus, the trend of robotics has grown in a short time. From pre-school age it has become possible to attend robotics courses and learn the first steps in programming. The courses aim to develop children's scientific, technical and creative potential by teaching them the basics of engineering, programming and robotics. Almost every school has a robotics club. But it is not always well organised in educational institutions. Often course designers face various problems. Based on the aforementioned, the purpose of the study is to determine the organisational and methodological conditions for creating a Robotics course in a primary school, as well as to identify professionally relevant competencies of primary school teachers for teaching the basics of robotics. The article explores the experience of teachers willing to teach children the basics of robotics. Sixteen teachers from one grammar school participated in the study. The study leads to the conclusion that organisational and methodological conditions should be taken into account when designing the Robotics course in primary school. This article identifies significant competencies of primary school teachers for teaching the basics of robotics. The features of creating a robotics course were studied. The results of the study can be used by primary school and computer science teachers when designing a robotics course for primary schools.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0311

Authors: Gulnur Kazakhbayeva, Gulnara Biktagirova, Dolores Nurgaliyeva

Abstract: Currently, trends in the development of education in the world determine the relevance of a systematic analysis of «psychological health» in the system of higher education institutions. The purpose of this research is to study the features of the perception of the concept of «psychological health» and to represent its meaningful structure in the minds of students of a pedagogical university. The following methods were used in the research: theoretical (analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, generalization and systematization); empirical (questionnaire, pedagogical experiment). 112 students of pedagogical specialties from educational institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan participated in the study. To investigate the perception of the concept of «psychological health» by students of various courses, a questionnaire called «Psychological health of students» was developed and implemented. We examined students’ concept perception of the term, as well as the unique characteristics and differences in how elementary and high school students understand the concept. The novelty of this study is to identify the peculiarities of students’ ideas about the structure of psychological health in various courses, which makes it possible to develop further and conduct formative work on testing the pedagogical conditions for the development of students’ psychological health. The results of the study allowed us to identify more accurately and to consider the possibilities of a pedagogical university in creating the necessary conditions for strengthening and developing the psychological health of students.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0301

Authors: Dilafruz Islamova, Lolita Ulmasova, Elvira Gilemkhanova

Abstract: This work is about the study of the safety of the educational environment among students with different degrees of involvement in Russian culture. The authors are interested in the question of whether the degree of cultural identity is important when assessing the safety of the educational environment. Does the sense of national belonging of representatives of different ethnic cultures hinder or facilitate constructive interaction and personal development in the educational environment? So, the article examines how the assessment of the safety of the educational environment among representatives of different ethnic groups (using the example of Tatars and Russians) influences the assessment of their safety. Research sample consists of 370 students of secondary multinational schools of the Republic of Tatarstan aged 13 to 17 years (M = 14.8; SD = 1.24). One-way analysis of variance, comparative, and correlation analyses was used as statistical methods. Conclusion: the increase in labor migration of the population emphasizes the importance of the timely formation of socio-psychological mechanisms for preserving national identity and adapting religious and cultural traditions to the modern socio-cultural situation of regional development in the context of ideological and spiritual pluralism. Thus, multiculturalism and equality of religions are key preventive measures to counter socio-cultural threats, terrorism and ideological extremism.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0289

Authors: Ibadulla Ilyasov, Rinat Burnashev, Ulyana Zhirnova

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the features of deviant behavior in adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Adolescents with intellectual disabilities have their own characteristics of mental and physical development, manifested in a total underdevelopment of the cognitive sphere, as well as in the personal and behavioral sphere. Adolescents with intellectual disabilities, due to their defect, experience certain difficulties in the process of social cognition and establishing relationships with other people. The reasons for social adaptation in intellectual disability are seen in the absence of a suitable course of action in the individual’s experience to solve a problematic situation. The main purpose of the study is to examine the peculiarities of deviant behavior in adolescents with intellectual disabilities. To assess the severity of maladaptation in adolescents exhibiting different types of deviant behavior, the “Deviant Behaviour Proneness Test” was used. The results showed that adolescents with mild mental retardation are oriented towards socially conditioned behavior – the reaction of grouping adolescents, since this is the norm for this age group and is characterized by the adolescent’s need to belong to a group. Similarly, a situational predisposition to delinquent behavior and a predisposition to self-harming behavior have been identified in adolescents with mild mental retardation.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0275

Authors: Sardor Himmatov, Valentina Adilova, Ilnar F. Yarullin, Ramis Nasibullov

Abstract: Research problem is due to the need for monitoring diagnostics of the level of development of the culture of intellectual work of students and insufficient development of its methodological and technological content. The constituent components of the development of a culture of intellectual work are aimed at the implementation of integrative functional competencies on the basis of research design of system-activity paths and approaches to organizing the intellectual work of students. The aim of the study is: modeling, which allows to consider the model as a process of purposeful and conscious mastering by students of a certain degree of culture of intellectual work, taking into account the peculiarities of the educational environment. Research methods: modeling, which allows to consider the model as a process of purposeful and conscious mastering by students of a certain degree of culture of intellectual work, taking into account the peculiarities of the educational environment. Conclusions and recommendations. The presents a methodological and technological model for the development of a culture of intellectual work of students, including interrelated content blocks that ensure the integrity of planning and design, forecasting and monitoring diagnostics of the process aimed at developing CIW of students on the basis of research design. The developed model of methodological and technological content acts as a scientific foundation for the development and implementation of new tools, techniques for the development of the degree of culture of intellectual work of students. The model can be implemented in educational institutions of various types.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0259

Authors: Yuliya Gut, Manzura Usmanova, Maya Khudaeva, Elena Ovsyanikova

Abstract: The relevance of the study of the problem of psychological readiness (PRPA) for professional activity of psychologists is determined by the requirements of society for qualified specialists and the degree of readiness of young psychological educators to actively engage and quickly adapt to the requirements of professional activity. Thus, one of the important tasks is to study the conditions affecting the process of forming PRPA for psychology students who have chosen the educational system as their field of professional activity. The aim of this study is to investigate the features of life perspective and psychological readiness for professional activity among teachers-psychologists, and to identify the relationship between the components of psychological readiness and indicators of life perspective. The study was conducted on the basis of the Faculty of Psychology of the Pedagogical Institute of Belgorod State University (N=100). The average age is 20.2, SD = 4.2. Research methods and techniques: “Motivation for Professional Activity” (Zamfir), “Professional Readiness” (Chernyavskaya), “Method of Motivational Induction” (Nuttin), and “Purpose-in-Life Test” (Crumbaugh & Maholick); Mann-Whitney U-test; multiple regression analysis. Results: the study showed that the level of development of the meaningfulness of the life perspective of the personality of psychology students determines the development of their general level of psychological readiness for professional activity, in particular, the development of motivational, cognitive, and emotional components of readiness. Personal projection, which describes the image of how a person wants to see himself in the future and how he will feel at the same time, contributes to the development of the motivational component of psychological readiness for the professional activity of a teacher-psychologist.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0237

Authors: Snezhanka Georgieva, Irina Khairova

Abstract: Despite the fact that competency-based approach in education has been recognized in many leading countries of the world, various aspects of its understanding and implementation at different levels of education continue to attract attention of researchers. Besides, the formation of competency-based approach, even in countries with a developed system of education, faces certain difficulties. The purpose of the research is to determine which technological models in university teacher education are more effective in the formation of future primary school teachers’ preparation to implement competency-based approach in school education, and to identify which characteristics of competency-based educational process students consider the most significant. 200 senior students from Bulgaria and Russia took part in the survey for the research. Competency-based approach was considered at several levels: at levels of school, profession and university training. The participants of the research determined the following main qualitative features: the results of student’s progress; gender; involvement in professional activities. Yet we did not set the task to compare Bulgaria and Russia, but we identified the most general ideas of students about the competency-based approach, degree of self-assessment in the formation of their basic professional competencies, expedient and effective practices aimed at mastering these competencies. The study allowed us to identify deficits in the formation of competencies that ensure the ability to act effectively in the future in situations of professional, personal and social life.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0225

Authors: Otabek Gaybullaev, Mustafo Bozorov, Elvira A. Sadretdinova, Elvira Ismailova

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the quality of education of preschool children with autism spectrum disorders using the author’s diagnostic tools. The level of development of the child is determined in five educational areas established by the federal state educational standard of preschool education. These are speech, cognitive, social, and communicative, physical, and artistic – aesthetic development. The purpose of the article is to study and evaluate the effectiveness of the diagnostic tools in the context of implementing an individual educational program for a child with ASD in a preschool educational institution. The work used methods of theoretical analysis, generalization, and systematization of scientific approaches to socialization, communication development, and diagnosis of children with ASD. The team of teachers studied and identified the most effective and scientifically based diagnostics. The diagnostic tools were created based on the principles of interdisciplinary support specialists, aimed at solving the problems of children with ASD and their families. As a result of testing this toolkit, low dynamics of children’s transition from one level of development to another were revealed, which is explained by the peculiarity of the development of children with ASD. It consists of a decrease in the ability to establish emotional contact, communication, and social development. The proposed diagnostic toolkit can use diagnostics of children with ASD in preschool institutions of a correctional or compensatory type, organizations with inclusive practice, and will simplify the creation of an individual educational route by specialists in correctional pedagogy.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0209

Authors: Ahror Eshtimerov, Orzigul I. Ro'ziyeva, Nadezhda Kostyunina, Liliia Latypova

Abstract: The topical issue of modern education is creation of the conditions for the development and self-realization of a person in society, fostering social activity and the formation of a new type of interpersonal relations based primarily on independence, responsibility and confidence. From this perspective, it becomes urgent to investigate the social development of adolescents’ personality, since adolescents are the ones who strive to be independent and active. The article focuses on the formation of assertive behavior skills in delinquent adolescents, the essence and motives of teenagers’ insecure behavior at a penitentiary institution, as well as hallmarks of delinquent adolescents’ assertive behavior. The following research methods were selected to identify socially significant integrative properties of delinquent adolescents’ personality assertiveness: on-site observation, where one of the authors worked as an educational psychologist in the penitentiary institution “Raifa vocational boarding school for boys” (hereinafter referred to as Raifa boarding school) (Republic of Tatarstan, Russia); the analysis of documents describing the social conditions of adolescents’ development; the test questionnaire "Assertiveness Level Assessment"; the test-questionnaire "Success and fear of failure motivations" (SFFM). 43 boys of Raifa boarding school took part in the study. The age of the subjects is 14-16 years old.The results of the study. Correctional and developmental programs can be successfully used in the practice of correctional work of teachers and psychologists of penitentiary institutions. The obtained results help determine promising directions for further research of the problems of assertive behavior skills formation in delinquent adolescents.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0195

Authors: Otabek Eshmanov, Kahxramon Esanboyev, Diana Sabirova, Rail Fakhrutdinov

Abstract: The relevance of this research is ensured by the need to create a system of pedagogical support and development of gifted schoolchildren. The aim of the study is to identify the approaches to building a pedagogical support and development system for gifted schoolchildren in the context of foreign language (English) learning. The analysis of the data is based on the theoretical foundations of the studies devoted to the school system as a source of linguistically gifted child development. The authors rely on a set of experimental methods found important for the integrity of the research results: methods for diagnosing and testing secondary schools’ students, those who are involved in the English Olympiad movement (expert assessment, test assignments, self-assessment); questionnaire methods; pedagogical observation; praximetric methods. The case study of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Tatarstan is given the primary focus. The study revealed the following: the didactic architecture of the pedagogical support and development system for gifted schoolchildren should be considered as a combination of educational constructs: systematic mentoring; involvement in regular network research and educational projects; participation in special language camps; support for individual educational paths; participation in Olympiads, competitions, forums, scientific and practical conferences. The key points that need to be taken into account when developing a system of pedagogical support and development of gifted schoolchildren are: systematic work; developmental educational environment; in-time identification of gifted students; greater flexibility in educational paths; provision of the continuity and sustainability of the development system for gifted individuals.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0183

Authors: Dilfuza Djurakulova, Farida Ochilova, Emil Minnibaev, Nikolay Vasenkov

Abstract: Modern trends demonstrate a decrease in the number of teachers and medical professionals in public institutions. The professions of doctors and teachers are currently among the most in-demand. This article explores the professional aspirations of students pursuing education and medical professions. The study aims to understand the professional orientations of students in the fields of education and medicine. Also, the career orientations of students in the fields of education and medicine were analyzed. According to expectations of future teachers and doctors, they were divided into professional categories regarding their professional activities. To assess professional inclinations, a study was conducted using the Edgar Schein test, published in 2002. This test includes eight different parameters that classify professional orientation. According to pedagogical students, «Service» and «Lifestyle Integration» play an important role for them, while medical students describe the importance of the «Entrepreneurship» category. Medical students stress that well-being encompasses the integration of various aspects of life for comprehensive development. Future teachers from Moscow and Kazan received the lowest scores in the «Professional Competence» category. The work explores the key factors that influence the choice of a professional path, such as motivation, career aspirations, working conditions, and opportunities for professional development. The study focuses on a comparative analysis of the career goals in these two fields, allowing for the identification of specific needs and expectations for each group of students.The authors’ findings can be used in the creation of modern programs and innovative projects aimed at teaching and medical professions.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0169

Authors: Sevara Djalolova, Ohista Djavatova, Kseniia Degtyarenko

Abstract: The paper discusses an anthropological approach to pre-service teacher training. The authors examine the practice of the Institute of Education and Humanities (Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University), which forms the “core” of the regional ecosystem for psychological and pedagogical education in neuroscience. Neuroscience is becoming an interdisciplinary research field. The interest in it is driven by cultural transformations and peculiarities of integrated strategies for designing educational environments that contribute to the emergence of a new-format teacher (Budarina et al., 2022). The aim of this study is to theoretically justify the potential of an anthropological approach to pre-service teacher training, with a view to integrating a designed module on neuroscience into pre-service teacher education programs. This module is considered to be a valuable resource for implementing the anthropological mission of modern education, which is currently in demand. To achieve this goal, the authors analyzed relevant scientific materials, examined pre-service teaching practices, and conducted interviews with key stakeholders. Based on these findings, practical recommendations were developed for designing a neuroscience module that incorporates the best practices identified during the study. The results of this research can be applied in higher education institutions to improve the quality of teacher training by creating an educational environment that fosters the personal and professional development of pre-service teachers.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0157

Authors: Dilnoza Buronova, Muqaddas Ibragimova, Rezeda M. Khusainova

Abstract: The issue of raising the prestige of the teaching profession was considered from the position of legal eligibility, from the position of state policy in the sphere of education, and from the value of pedagogical activity itself. At the same time, the study of the status of a teacher through the prism of the perception of the image and role of a teacher by the younger generation is considered for the first time. The purpose of this study is to analyze the statements of young people regarding the state initiative to improve the status of teachers through legislative measures. The study was conducted on the basis of grounded theory and content analysis. As a result of the research, 5 categories were identified that define the general semantic representations of the respondents: “Society’s expectations in relation to the profession of teacher”; “Value of teacher's activity for society”; “Teachers’ needs in improving psychological competence”; “Teacher’s responsibility for lack of self-respect”; “Effectiveness of law adoption”.The analysis of the text data array showed that respondents are unsure of the effectiveness of raising the teacher’s status only through legislative measures. Respondents see one way to solve the problem of the low status of the teacher in increasing his psychological competence.The results obtained can serve as a basis for developing a program of psychological support and supervision for teachers.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0141

Authors: Gulnoza Boltakulova, Akram Shermatov, Svetlana Dobrotvorskaya, Elena Levina

Abstract: The relevance of the study is due to the need to integrate the content of professional training for future teachers with pedagogical tasks that require a wide range of knowledge. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effec-tiveness and sustainability of implementing interdisciplinary project models for training future teachers in the sys-tem of teacher education.The research methods include system analysis and pedagogical design of situations, observation, and experimenta-tion. The research methodology is based on an integrative approach that ensures the formation of an interconnect-ed system of professional competencies for future teachers.The following research results have been obtained: the barriers to implementing the idea of interdisciplinarity in the educational system have been identified; the principles of designing interdisciplinary educational models have been determined; an algorithm for designing educational models for professional training in the form of educa-tional projects has been developed; and the criteria for their sustainability (content-related, organizational, didactic, and diagnostic) has been identified. This research contributes to the development of the idea of interdisciplinarity in pedagogical education, revealing its potential. It has been experimentally proven that the sustainability of educa-tional projects as an interdisciplinary educational model guarantees high results in the professional training of fu-ture teachers. The developed algorithm for designing educational models and sustainability criteria can be integrat-ed into the educational process, contributing to the professional development of future teachers. The prospects for research development are related to the design of interdisciplinary communities.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0129

Authors: Xurshid Bobanov, Bahodir Omonov, Aisylu Ganieva

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to study the level of differences between divergent thinking and normative behavior of teenagers in both early and late stages of adolescence. The data analysis is based on the study of the social situation of teenagers who developed divergent thinking. The research was conducted in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, at specialized lyceums. A hundred teenagers (aged 13–16) participated in the survey and were divided into two equal age groups: younger and older teenagers, each group included 50 individuals. The interviews with teenagers were conducted according to ethical principles, including voluntary participation, signing of informed voluntary consent forms, and maintaining confidentiality. Over the course of the empirical study, the adolescents completed three tests aimed at identifying the development of conformity in normative situations and studying divergent thinking. The results showed a difference between younger and older adolescents. The analysis indicated that conformity in behavior and divergent thinking were more frequently displayed in younger adolescents, while qualitative transformation of divergent thinking occurred in older adolescents. These transformations may be associated with changes in the social situation of adolescent development and biological restructuring. Therefore, this study sheds light on the formation of creative thinking in teenagers in the socio-cultural environment.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0115

Authors: Nasiba Berdikulova, Nigina Gulyamova, Roza Valeeva, Gulfiia Parfilova

Abstract: The transition to higher education marks is a crucial juncture in the evolution of students’ professional identities within academic and practical realms. While nascent vocational leanings and values may pre-exist university enrollment, the consolidation of robust career preferences typically necessitates immersion within the professional milieu. Investigating the career orientations of matriculating students across diverse disciplines and specialized curricula offers valuable insights into the characteristics of their development during professional training. The evaluation of vocational motivations, interests, and aptitudes exhibits robust predictive validity concerning future professional fulfillment. The present study endeavors to identify and comparatively analyze the dominant typologies of career orientation among first-year students enrolled in diverse academic disciplines and specialized educational programs. As an instrumental framework for data acquisition and processing, Schein’s “Career Anchors” methodology, as adapted by Vinokurova and Chiker, was utilized to facilitate a typological analysis of career preferences. The respondent pool for this survey consisted of first-year undergraduate students at Kazan Federal University, specifically those enrolled in the 45.03.02 Linguistics program (Theory and Methods of Teaching Foreign Languages specialization), the 44.03.01 Teacher Education program (Preschool Education specialization), and the 44.03.05 Teacher Education program with paired specializations (including “Primary Education and Foreign (English) Language” and “Additional Education and Foreign (English) Language”). The study examined the professional career orientations of these student teachers, utilizing a framework encompassing the following scales: professional competence, management orientation, autonomy, workplace security, residential stability, service ethos, challenge pursuit, integration of professional and personal life, and entrepreneurial spirit.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0103

Authors: Iroda Bayonkhanova, Shoyira Indiaminova, Chulpan Gromova, Kristina Kuporova

Abstract: This article focuses on presenting the results of an experimental study on the development of primary school students' readiness for professional self-determination through video projects. At primary school age, children become familiar with the world of professions and learn about the social significance of labor. Some studies conclude that project activities in primary school are important for professional self-determination. However, the use of video projects is not covered. Therefore, we chose the use of video projects for this purpose. The study sample consisted of pupils 8–9-years old (N = 72). At the initial and final stages of the study, we assessed primary school students’ readiness for professional self-determination based on a three-component model: cognitive, activity-based, and motivational. The following methods were used to evaluate each component: the questionnaire “Do You Know Professions?” (cognitive component), the teacher observation sheet by D.V. Traut, N.A. Serova, and M.V. Astakhova (activity-based component), and the “Three Wishes” method (motivational component). The formative stage of the study focused on developing and testing an extracurricular program that involved using video projects over the course of one academic year. The children not only learned to create and edit their own video projects but also studied different professions in advance, learned about their parents’ occupations, practiced teamwork, and created scripts for presentations. Statistically significant changes (p ≤ 0.01) in the experimental group were observed in the cognitive and motivational components of readiness for professional self-determination. This suggests that the developmental work was more effective for the cognitive and motivational components.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0089

Authors: Gulnora Bahriddinova, Asila Xudoyberdiyeva, Anna Akhmetzyanova, Veronika Vasina

Abstract: Support for families and children with special needs from an early age has become a critically relevant area of research and practice.The aim of this theoretical study is to investigate the problem of support for families and children with special educational needs within the early intervention system, to analyze existing approaches, and to develop a set of recommendations for improving the effectiveness and quality of services for these families.The comparative method and content analysis of diverse scientific perspectives on the early intervention system allowed for the formulation of key aspects of supporting families and children with special needs.The results of the study indicate that scientists from different countries insist that comprehensive and systemic family support requires the application of integrated approaches involving multidisciplinary teams of specialists: physicians, social workers, psychologists, and educators. The creation of a holistic support system necessitates interdisciplinary collaboration that accounts for the child's special needs, individual characteristics, and family context.The conclusions emphasize that the early intervention system plays a key role in supporting families and children with special educational needs by creating favorable conditions for the development of young children and assisting families in overcoming difficulties. The novelty of the study lies in its argument for the necessity of coordinated work among specialists of different profiles and the active involvement of parents as partners in the decision-making process. Future research should focus on systematizing and empirically testing recommendations for the successful development of early intervention systems for children with disabilities.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0073

Authors: Aminjon Aymatov, Dildora Turaeva, Snezhana Shmeleva

Abstract: The article studies the impact of higher education on the personality development. During higher education the students should clearly understand their future profession’s components, the requirements in the field of knowledge, abilities, skills and professionally significant qualities. The mental states experienced by students during learning play an important role in this process. As is well known, they serve as the main mechanism for transforming psychological qualities, altering mental processes, and organizing a qualitatively new psychological structure of the personality. This article presents the study results of student teachers’ common mental states, depending on the year of study. Mental states typical for all students, regardless of the study period, are identified. Intensity of mental states’ manifestation in the hierarchical organization - mental processes, physiological reactions, experiences and behavior - was determined. Common states were structured under cluster analysis, allowing toidentify groups of states clustered by similar features. The criterion of clustering is the frequency of mental states selection by students. The results of self-evaluation of professionally significant qualities depending on the year of study are demonstrated. In conclusion, students’ common mental states’ correlations with self-evaluation of professionally significant qualities were identified and interpreted. The results confirmed the hypothesis based on the assumption that students’ mental states are characterized by specific phenomenology, whose manifestations are related to the stages of future specialist’s vocational training and correlate with self-evaluation of teacher’s professionally significant qualities.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0057

Authors: Chekhrangiz Asadova, Shavkat Xamzayev, Vera Vlasova, Viktoria Sadovaya

Abstract: Educational practices of modern teacher training, their research and improvement today are obviously in demand and integrated with all technological transformations in society and digitalization of all vital processes on the basis of inseparable interconnections of science, education and production. The aim and objectives of the research are related to the experimental development and pilot implementation of an open online resource in the training of future elementary school teachers, containing, first of all, an inclusive understanding of motivational opportunities and needs of online education. The research uses the methods of system analysis, based on the setting of tasks, interdependent structuring and analysis of materials, taking into account the interrelated objectives, content, forms and methods of teaching, and the construction of the design project. The article shows the research experience of designing and developing an online course for elementary school teachers, containing unique author’s materials related to non-standard educational technologies, which confirms its relevance. The research has shown that open educational resources for teacher training, created with the use of non-standard teaching technologies, contribute to increasing motivation and developing the quality of teacher education. The tools and technologies used in educational practices provided the opportunity to construct the online resource based on real activities and situations in the training of future elementary school teachers, which ultimately increases their motivation, effectiveness and appropriateness of the online course in the process of teacher education.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0047

Authors: Shakhzoda B. Akhmedova, Alamjon A. Ibragimov, Svetlana S. Bodnar, Tatiana V. Morozova

Abstract: This article presents an analysis of the state of multicultural education in Canada and Ireland. The study is relevant due to the growth of multiculturalism and the need to create inclusive educational spaces that promote respect for cultural diversity and integration of various ethnic groups in society. Reviewing the experiences of advanced countries such as Canada and Ireland in a globalizing world helps identify effective trends and practices and adapt them to other educational systems.The purpose of the study is to analyze modern trends in multicultural education development in Canada and Ireland and identify best practices to improve education systems considering cultural diversity.Research methods include theoretical analysis of scientific literature, analysis of the educational systems of Canada and Ireland, and generalization of data on multicultural education implementation.Educational standards were identified, along with successful practices of multicultural education implementation and its impact on social integration. The study emphasizes the importance of multicultural education, including curriculum reform and advanced teacher training. Its novelty lies in analyzing Canadian and Irish trends in the evolution of multicultural education, enabling the adaptation of best practices to other countries with consideration of their cultural characteristics. Prospects include advancing intercultural competence among educators, increasing curriculum integration, and effectively supporting diverse student populations.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0033

Authors: Akmal R. Akhatov, Gasangusein I. Ibragimov, Marat G. Ibragimov, Aliya A. Nabieva

Abstract: The relevance of the study lies in the need to develop the academic motivation of undergraduates (master’s students) of the “Teacher Education” field of study, as well as the insufficient use of the developmental motivational potential of research-oriented learning in educational practice. The purpose of this study is to identify the mechanisms and pedagogical conditions that influence the research-oriented learning on the development of various types of academic motivation among undergraduates.To reach the purpose of the study the following research tasks were solved: identification of the specific characteristics of undergraduates’ motivation to learn (using the example of the field of study “Teacher Education”); identification of the essential features of research-oriented learning that objectively ensure its motivational potential in the process of training the undergraduate students; theoretical validation and experimental verification of the effectiveness of specially created pedagogical conditions that contribute to strengthening the potential of research-oriented learning as a means of developing the undergraduate students’ academic motivation. A combination of theoretical (study and analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature, comparison, generalization, interpretation), empirical (questionnaires and pedagogical experiments), and mathematical and statistical research methods were used to address these tasks.The content and essence of the “educational motivation” concept, the features of the educational motivation of the learning activities of modern undergraduates (of the “Teacher Education” field of study) are defined by composition, orientation, and dynamic properties. The developmental possibilities of research-oriented learning are theoretically and empirically substantiated in the formation of internal and external motivation for the educational activities of undergraduates. Organizational and didactic conditions that contribute to strengthening its motivational potential are identified. The results of the study can be used by higher education teachers to increase the educational process productivity.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0017

Authors: Alijon A. Abduraxmanov, Mayra E. Haydarova, Liliia Sh. Karimova, Lyaysan A. Rybakova

Abstract: In contemporary pedagogical literature about professional self-awareness of future teachers, significant emphasis is placed on the phenomenon of self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is seen as essential for the effective organization of pedagogical activities. Consequently, the cultivation of professional self-efficacy becomes a critical component of early-stage teacher training. Understanding one’s own competence is a fundamental prerequisite for successful pedagogical activity and for charting an independent career path. The research analysis enables to state that in higher education, the goals should extend beyond the mere acquisition of knowledge, skills, and abilities. Universities must also foster a holistic self-concept among students as professionals. This includes instilling a professional worldview, professional ethos, and an understanding of norms and rules as benchmarks for self-assessment.Pedagogical support for the development of professional self-efficacy in higher education not only links the content of competencies but also facilitates the identification of interests, values, opportunities, and strategies for overcoming challenges during pedagogical practice. It contributes to the evolution of personal qualities crucial for future success in the profession.Our research aims to empirically demonstrate that pedagogical support for future teachers significantly enhances the development of their professional self-efficacy. Subsequently, we designed and tested a pedagogical support program, which produced positive improvements in all measured indicators at the control stage confirming the effectiveness of the program.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0005

Authors: Rustam Abdurasulov, Faxriddin Israilov, Alla Frolova

Abstract: In the face of economic problems, geopolitical conflicts, and the ongoing pandemic, individuals and societies are increasingly vulnerable to crises, leading to a loss of identity or an identity crisis. This study aims to examine the characteristics of positive and negative self-concepts, explore the relationship between identity and distress, identify crisis markers, and highlight the “risk zones” that contribute to the formation of a crisis syndrome. Additionally, the research investigates the dynamics of distress indicators when individuals participate in a psychological and pedagogical program tailored to their specific group. Diagnostic tools such as the Symptom Check List-90-Revised, Self-Concept Clarity Scale, Multivariate Self-Attitude Questionnaire, and Aggressiveness test were employed. The results indicate that a narrative-based psychological and pedagogical program, focused on reducing distress levels, effectively addresses the issue of identity crisis. The study identifies markers of identity crisis, including low self-concept clarity due to inaccessibility of the self-ideal, perfectionism, dissatisfaction, rejection of the real self, auto-aggression, and depressive experiences. Negative expectations concerning interpersonal interactions and future outlooks were also found to contribute to the crisis syndrome.To address these challenges, a proposed model of psychological and pedagogical correction and prevention utilizes an autobiographical narrative approach. This technique integrates subjective experiences from different stages of a person’s life, projecting behavior patterns, values, and personal choices. The presented technique aims to develop self-awareness, introspection, and the ability to comprehend and rethink experiences, thereby facilitating authenticity and combating the crisis syndrome.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.11.e0001

Authors: Rustam Khalmuradov, Bahodir Xolikov, Mash’al Saidov

Abstract:

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0612

Authors: Megi Dakova, Angel Dimitrov

Abstract: The study of cooperation between education and business to achieve sustainable economic and social development is increasingly relevant. The understanding that education is a long-term process is at the heart of this collaboration. It appears to be a key factor in the formation of highly qualified personnel needed for both scientific and business development, leading to economic growth and competitive advantage. The university’s mission is to create highly qualified, knowledgeable, and capable specialists, with the necessary theoretical and practical training, willing and ambitious to improve in their chosen profession. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of the relationship between science, education, and business – the three sides of the so-called “knowledge triangle”, leading to an increase in the competitiveness of each party in a dynamic business environment.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0149

Authors: Simeonka Petrova

Abstract: Broad technological developments are changing the traditional concept of marketing and developing digital capabilities that bring individual industries to consumers’ doorsteps with one click. The penetration of the internet into various faster digital channels, the development of new devices and their connectivity with apparel retailers are making consumers more informed and knowledgeable. The main objective of this study is to analyze and interpret the impact of digital marketing, manifested in: the changes occurring in the various types of e-commerce sales used by enterprises in the clothing retail business – websites, applications, marketplaces or electronic data exchange; the changes in consumer behavior when purchasing clothing online. The chosen methodological approach considers the correlation of online clothing purchases with the level of disposable income. The methodological framework for conducting the research includes the application of the IBM software product SPSS Statistics. The method of single linear regression and correlation is applied. The analysis of online clothing purchases is based on data released by the European Statistical Office – Eurostat. Respondents to the study are online clothing consumers from the 27-member states of the European Union. The time frame of the study is 2013-2023. The obtained research results evaluate more significant transformation processes of marketing in the conditions of the digital era. The possibilities of the retail business to offer a personalized experience to consumers in a digital environment, creating advantages over competitors, are interpreted. Such studies help to define the upcoming changes in the behavior of European consumers.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0596

Authors: Vesela Kazashka, Aneta Roycheva

Abstract: The article examines the transformations that have occurred in science and art in the contemporary global society. The main objective of the study is to analyse existing research that may support societal transformation, and to develop new knowledge on the topic. Knowledge on transformation of sustainability has become fragmented, and some of its forms have become marginalized. An emphasis has been placed on analysing current knowledge and drawing conclusions based on experiences from different countries and institutions in Europe, in order to inform research, policies and practices on transformations that ensure justice in a changing global context. Achieving this task is related to overcoming differences between disciplinary communities of various scales and geographical locations, and gaps between social, humanitarian and natural sciences.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0577

Authors: Velislava Nikolaeva

Abstract: The paper presents the possibilities for applied use of coaching and mediation at the workplace as management tools. They can successfully complement the managers’ practice of working with people and teams as their personal professional skills or by attracting experts. Emphasis is placed on clarifying the nature of coaching and mediation, and their relationship with the social and emotional intelligence of employees at the workplace. On this basis, recommendations for increasing the effectiveness of management as a function of relationships between people and teams should be synthesized and systematized. In the course of the development, comparative, critical and problematic analysis of primary and secondary information sources was used. A field study was carried out. The limits of applicability of coaching and mediation in the context of social intelligence and their effectiveness for management in the organization are deduced. Based on the research, it has been found that the use of coaching and mediation at the workplace leads to an increase in the social and emotional intelligence of employees and to an improvement in the quality of management.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0558

Authors: Maria Stoykova, Anna Andreeva

Abstract: Hearing loss has a negative impact on person’s social functioning. The process of expanding people’s capacity and opportunities to each individual to engage in society on an equal basis, into the public environment is known as social inclusion. Social inclusion is often identified as a goal of policies in relation to certain groups in society, including people who are deaf or hard of hearing. The present study aims to investigate basic strategic and normative documents that regulate rights and obligations directly related to the development of conditions for improving the social functioning of individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. The method of document content analysis was used for the research. The analysis includes regulatory documents as well as scientific publications related to the topic. The keywords used for the search were: policies; social inclusion; persons with disabilities; deaf or hard of hearing people. The results identify a link between adopted approaches to disability and realized policies. The analysis shows the need for coordination and greater integration of health and social approaches in the adoption and implementation of policies for social inclusion of people who are deaf or hard of hearing. The obtained results outline the normative framework that regulates the possibilities for implementation of certain measures for social inclusion and identifies the areas in which it is necessary to make additional efforts in order to create conditions for improving the well-being and quality of life of this group of society.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0545

Authors: Lyudmila Vekova, Ekaterina Uzhikanova-Kovacheva, Penyo Georgiev, Tanya Vazova

Abstract: The article examines the role and application of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the training and practice of social workers, emphasizing the need for the acquisition and development of digital competencies. A conceptual approach is presented for the development of a web-based platform for training and development of digital competencies of social workers, integrating ICT and artificial intelligence (AI). The vision for creating a broad-based platform is based on an interdisciplinary approach that unites knowledge and practices from social and technological sciences to create an innovative and adaptive learning environment. The intensive penetration of information technologies into the social sphere and the digitalization of work processes and the management of social institutions determine the importance of digital competencies as a decisive factor for adapting social work to the growing modern requirements regarding the quality of the provided social services. In parallel, there is a serious lag among social workers in the use of information and communication technologies and their application in their practical activities. The main need for this platform stems from the need to increase digital competencies in social work, especially in the context of rapidly developing digitalization and new technological solutions such as artificial intelligence (AI). The platform aims to provide access to modern methods and tools that will improve the skills of social workers and increase the quality of the social services provided. The need for its creation is also caused by the requirement to adapt the social sphere to new realities and to overcome the deficits in the digital skills of social workers.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0526

Authors: Daniela Pastarmadzhieva, Mina Angelova

Abstract: The successful management of a company requires the provision of several aspects that make the enterprise competitive. It is inevitable the importance of a business plan when starting a business, market research, creating a marketing strategy, communicating with customers, etc. However, the quality preparation of each of the elements is largely dependent on the personality and know-how of the entrepreneur. In this sense, the aim of the present study is to identify approaches and good practices that contribute to greatest extent to the development of entrepreneurial skills. Applied methods used to perform the study are desk research, content analysis and comparative analysis. The results show that there are universal elements that any entrepreneurship curriculum (syllabus) should include, and these are mostly related to theoretical knowledge of the subject. A significant part of the trainings also has a practical part with cases, and often they are derived from the specific context. There are also studies that focus on specific personal characteristics. Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that entrepreneurship education should be a balanced complex of three main components. The first is related to theoretical knowledge of the structuring and functioning of any business. Secondly, it is important to have the practical perspective of implementing what has been learned in the specific national context, in the best case, through real cases. And thirdly, there should be an emphasis on developing soft skills and personal qualities that will contribute to high efficiency and sustainability of the business. Furthermore, the opportunities for the students to gain experience from a team of professors (not a single lecturer), to participate in national and international competitions for startup elaboration, to gain experience from successful entrepreneurs using the methods of public lectures and business initiatives is the innovative practice that found realization at university level.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0507

Authors: Valeria Toncheva

Abstract: This paper presents a description and comparison of the dual vocational education systems in high schools in Bulgaria and selected European countries. Although dual vocational education and training (dVET) is among the priorities of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Bulgaria until 2030, there are few in-depth studies or statistical data available on the system, as well as its advantages and disadvantages. The aim of this study is to compare Bulgaria’s dVET system with those of the most developed countries in this area—Germany and Austria, to highlight their strengths and problematic areas, and to provide an answer as to where Bulgaria’s efforts should be concentrated. The methodology used is two-phased: an analysis of secondary data/archival research (using legislative documents, government websites, studies from national and international organizations and academic publications) followed by the collection of primary data through personal interviews with principals and vice-principals of dVET high schools in the Plovdiv region, Bulgaria. The research reveals that while the systems have similarities, there are also significant differences that show the need for betterment in Bulgaria. The conducted interviews highlight the challenges faced by schools in finding partner companies and the need for additional incentives on the national level to promote work-based learning. The dual education in Bulgaria is at a relatively early stage of development, and despite its success, there is room for improvement. Empirical evidence is needed regarding the effects of implementing this educational method and the impact of the brand image of vocational high schools on the behavior of stakeholders (students, teachers, administrators of schools, employers providing internships for students, and government experts).

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0499

Authors: Stefani Paunova, Vladimir Valkanov, Penyo Georgiev

Abstract: In recent decades, humanity has witnessed rapid development and innovations in information technology, particularly artificial intelligence systems. Parallel to these, innovations in healthcare are moving. By leveraging advances in intelligent systems combined with the incorporation of new approaches to research in the medical environment, we can build a flexible and more convenient healthcare platform. The article examines and evaluates the possibility of supporting digitizing patients’ health records. The main priority is to give medical professionals more detailed visibility and access to their patient’s health information, which should not be transferred on paper but collected in a common platform available in a single medical portal. The first step to improving digital services in healthcare is to open a profile per patient. Various types of tests performed by medical laboratories and hospitals or data coming from personal devices can be attached to this profile. During the preliminary study, it was found that for the moment our health system does not have such a tool. The creation of a single repository would contribute to the easier exchange and access of medical professionals to the complex health picture of the patient from any place with Internet connectivity. After that methods from artificial intelligence will be integrated for analysis, assessment, and preparation of expertise that predicts future diseases and concomitant complications. The integration of a combination of AI methods can improve digital hospital services by generating a detailed report on the treatment performed, medications taken, and assessment of the patient’s final condition.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0478

Authors: Irena Mladenova, Zhelyu Vladimirov, Olya Harizanova

Abstract: The adoption of digital technologies (ADT) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) increasingly attracts researchers’ attention for several reasons. While being significant contributors to national economies, SMEs lack important resources and thus lag in digitalisation. Stakeholders pressure SMEs to digitalise while government support is seen as important in leveraging digital uptake. Yet, the role of governments and stakeholders in SMEs’ digitalisation is under-researched. This study explores ADT and its relationship with environmental factors (customers, competitors, suppliers, government policies) and two control variables – firm size and firm age. Analyses of variance and regression analysis are applied to a sample of 471 manufacturing SMEs in Bulgaria. The results highlight the important role of government policies in manufacturing SMEs’ digitalisation. The hypothesised impact of market pressure was not confirmed. The firm size matters while the firm age does not have a statistically significant impact on ADT in this sample. This article discusses several theoretical and practical implications. The role of government policies for manufacturing SMEs is reinforced and suggests that these should be customised and used proactively to close the digital gap. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms through which the microenvironment influences the digitalisation decisions of manufacturing SMEs.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0460

Authors: Aleksandar Ivanov, Gergana Dimitrova

Abstract: With the growing role of digitalization in management, modern businesses face the necessity to adopt flexible methodologies such as Agile and process management tools like ClickUp to remain competitive and efficient. This study aims to analyze how implementing these tools and approaches transforms traditional management practices and drives business model innovation. By reviewing existing research and statistics, key findings will be presented related to improved organizational efficiency, adaptability to changes, and enhanced team productivity. The study will focus on Agile as a tool for optimizing process management and ClickUp as an example of a platform that integrates task management, communication, and data analysis in a unified environment. The conclusion will discuss how digitalization and new technologies lead to radical changes in management approaches and provide directions for future research.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0443

Authors: Gergana Dimitrova, Raya Genova

Abstract: The digital transformation of the economy has required a review of conventional management approaches in order to adapt to the contemporary requirements of the business environment. This is done by adopting an interdisciplinary approach to integrating digital tools into management. This results in generating the need and requirement for managers to obtain a set of key complementary skills in order to implement the digital high-tech potential management practices and models. The purpose of the publication is to present a conceptual model for identifying and assessing managerial skills in the context of the digital transformation of the economy. The pilot study is conducted in an industrial environment and the results of its approbation are presented. The current publication is a part of extensive research, as the derived managerial skills are examined in dynamics and perspective, according to the dynamic requirements of the business environment.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0431

Authors: Gergana Slavova, Tanya Georgieva

Abstract: In response to the Europe 2020 Strategy and its fundamental objectives for integrated, sustainable, and inclusive growth, management practices within the agricultural sector are required to be both integrated and sustainable. Confronting global challenges like climate change and increasing global temperatures necessitates a diligent approach to managing and utilizing resources. This encompasses harnessing renewable energy sources and implementing a circular management model in agriculture. This report examines the major concepts of sustainable management in agriculture as documented in Western and Bulgarian literature, questioning their effectiveness and applicability in Bulgaria’s national agriculture framework. Additionally, this analysis identifies gaps and proposes future enhancements for sustainable management practices within the sector. Employed methodologies include comparative analysis, extrapolation, deduction, induction, strategic review, and structured interviews. The findings challenge existing paradigms and are pivotal for the academic discourse, offering new perspectives particularly vital for farmers focusing on innovative practices and sustainable growth.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0417

Authors: Hristo Paunov, Victoria Paligorova

Abstract: The report examines the digitalization of the legislative process in the Republic of Bulgaria. The analysis focuses on the legal framework regulating the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the development, discussion, and adoption of normative acts, while emphasizing their role in enhancing the efficiency, transparency, and accessibility of lawmaking. The report highlights the main legislative acts related to digitalization in the legislative process. Special attention is given to the procedures regulated by the Law on Normative Acts, as well as the opportunities for electronic public consultations and participation of citizens and stakeholders in drafting legislative documents. Digitalization in this context is viewed as a tool for facilitating communication between institutions, citizens, and businesses. At the same time, the challenges associated with electronic administration in the legislative process are also analyzed.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0403

Authors: Petya Nozharova, Shteryo Nozharov

Abstract: Some segments of the transport sector in Bulgaria are strongly dominated by state-owned enterprises (railway, maritime and inland waterway transport). This fact leads to distortions in the free competition conditions and then questions arise as to how justified the state intervention in these segments is. The publication studied the efficiency of the state-owned enterprises in the context of public priorities, which are pursued through these enterprises’ functioning. For the purposes of the present study, the institutional method is used, which is also combined with statistical analysis, focused on key indicators for efficiency measurement. As a result of the research, the level of enterprises’ innovation is evaluated, together with the level of efficient financial sources absorption by the National recovery and resilient plan, euro funds, operational programs and state budget transfers. The results of the research show that it is necessary to be rethought the concept for domination of the state-owned enterprises in the studied segments of the transport sector in Bulgaria. They must be open to competition, including foreign private companies. The innovation potential of these enterprises is low, which corresponds to the low financial sources’ absorption by the European funds as main beneficiaries of them.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0387

Authors: Svetla Atanasova, Hristina Mihaleva, Hristo Georgiev

Abstract: To a large extent, the activity of the enterprise and its place in the competitive struggle depends on consumer satisfaction. In order to achieve maximum customer satisfaction, the management team of the enterprise should perceive it as a theory for strengthening the image of the enterprise, as an engine for meeting consumer expectations and striving to achieve consumer loyalty by meeting and solving the complaints that have arisen. The relevance of the present study is directly dependent on the satisfaction of users for the implementation of the main business goals of the enterprise. In the context of the issues considered in this way, the main goal of the present work is the construction of a theoretical mise-en-scene related to the author’s views on the essence of consumer satisfaction and on the thus constructed pedestal to present the various models of consumer satisfaction. In order to achieve the main goal thus set, the following approaches should be applied: systemic and systemic-situational approach; inductive and deductive approach; approach of transformations, internal and external analyses. The use of strategic methods, comparative methods, methods of analogy, including a combination of them, acquires significance. As a result of the conducted theoretical study, it was concluded that the application of each of the models of user satisfaction creates a prerequisite for the formation of positive consequences for the enterprise, including: increase in sales; reducing marketing costs; correcting risks for the enterprise; balancing price elasticity; strengthening the company’s position in the market niche in which it operates; improving the image of the enterprise. The emergence of a number of questions related to how customer satisfaction affects the company’s activity, causes the current research interest.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0367

Authors: Gergana Taneva-Angelova, Galina Ilieva

Abstract: Gold prices significantly influence financial activities at both global and microeconomic levels. Forecasting gold prices is particularly challenging due to the diverse and unpredictable influence of political, economic and financial factors. This complexity has made the development of reliable prediction models for future gold prices a persistent challenge over decades. In this study, we develop three models for gold price forecasting, utilizing a dataset spanning the period from January 2014 to October 2024. The selected methods represent the main categories of forecasting algorithms: Linear Regression (LR) from classical statistics, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) from machine learning and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks from deep learning techniques. Through comparative analysis, we evaluate and assess the constructed models based on their ability to forecast gold price movements using a variety of performance measures. The results reveal the strengths and limitations of each method in capturing the dynamics of gold price behaviour within current uncertain environment. These findings can assist investors and financial experts in making informed decisions and establish a foundation for future research focused on improving forecasting accuracy in financial time series analysis.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0342

Authors: Gergana Taneva-Angelova, Dimitar Granchev

Abstract: This study is devoted to assessing the accuracy and applicability of econometric models from the ARIMA group for forecasting the VIX volatility index. The index measures the level of market uncertainty, systemic risk and investor sentiment by reflecting the short-term volatility of the benchmark index of the US market S&P 500. The study demonstrates the accuracy and effectiveness of both models (ARIMAX and SARIMAX) in different approaches for parameterization and scenario with certain conditions. The ARIMAX and SARIMAX are extensions of the traditional ARIMA and SARIMA, which include exogenous variables and seasonal components. The main external macroeconomic and market indicators used in the analysis are inflation (CPI), unemployment (UNRATE), interest rates (FEDFUNDS) and the Nasdaq 100 index. The data obtained from Yahoo Finance and the Federal Reserve (FRED). The analysis is carried out using Python software.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0334

Authors: Violeta Blazheva

Abstract: The European agricultural model aims to create sustainable agricultural practices to ensure the overall market orientation of agriculture and to enable farmers to benefit from the skills of the market to provide products demanded by consumers. From this achievements challenge facing agriculture in Europe (including Bulgaria) continuous require reform of the Common Agricultural Policy in terms of its alignment with high public demand for healthy foods, preservation of rural areas, ensuring produce higher quality products and maintaining farmers’ incomes. The aim of the present study is to examine the need for full use of data in the agricultural sector. The modern European agricultural policy implemented contributes to compliance with environmental, climatic, social and other aspects of production. Technological advances assist farmers in their decision-making. Standardized and disaggregated data will facilitate its use at farm level. The importance of digitization for the agricultural sector, respectively for the economy, is brought out. The removal of obstacles to the exchange of data sets will allow their full use in response to the needs of the implemented policy.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0323

Authors: Gergana Slavova, Mihaela Todorova

Abstract: Today, we are contemporaries of a rapidly changing and dynamically evolving world. It is therefore essential to be able to adapt quickly and apply the technologies that our modern society offers us. Artificial intelligence is not as new a phenomenon as most of society believes, it has existed for years in our daily lives and represents the ability of technical systems to monitor the environment, receive data previously created by another, process it, analyze the information, and perform actions related to achieving specific goals. The aim of this report is to identify real opportunities for the application of artificial intelligence in the agricultural sector of Bulgaria, in parallel with a comparison with its application in other countries around the world, and to find new opportunities for application and adaptation to our country’s agricultural sector. The main methods we use in this paper are comparative analysis, extrapolation, deduction, induction, strategic analysis, and pre-structured and unstructured interview methods. The results of the present study are important and significant not only for the scientific community, but especially for the farmers in Bulgaria and their future modern development, as it would provide them with better opportunities for adaptation, better integrated and sustainable management, better application of new technologies, and hence better yields and cost-effective results.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0315

Authors: Stanimir Kabaivanov

Abstract: Handwriting recognition imposes a specific challenge on image analysis and preprocessing. This paper suggests an improvement over some commonly used algorithms for optical character recognition, by adding context awareness and self-adjustment of the model parameters, based on individual writing style and pencraft characteristics. Discussed analytical steps can be used along different OCR implementations and complement character recognition analysis. Suggested approach can be used also with block-character inputs, where additional meta information is generated from content analysis of the inputs and search of expression/style of writing patterns.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0301

Authors: Angel A. Marchev Jr., Vasil Marchev

Abstract: This paper provides an overview of key approaches for creating multidimensional synthetic datasets, including probabilistic concatenation, scaling with business rules, inverse copula sampling, and generative adversarial networks. These methods address challenges such as data scarcity, privacy preservation, and maintaining representational accuracy. A methodological tree is introduced to systematize cases where synthetic data generation is essential, from handling incomplete datasets to enriching existing ones. Emphasis is placed on preliminary audits for data minimization, ensuring computational efficiency and enhancing validation feasibility. While this paper is not empirical, it synthesizes theoretical insights and offers a synthesized dataset for reference. The findings contribute to establishing best practices in synthetic data generation, enabling researchers to meet the demands of modern data-driven studies effectively.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0283

Authors: Stoyan Kirov

Abstract: Consumers of financial services exhibit conflicting and often irrational attitudes toward the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in the management of financial institutions. This study aims to assess consumer tolerance for AI by analyzing and comparing existing research on the topic globally. For instance, it has been found that European consumers express significant concern regarding the ethical use of AI and the transparency of algorithms, whereas American consumers demonstrate considerably higher tolerance for AI, particularly among Generation Z. Globally, there is growing interest in the benefits of AI, but also heightened concern about associated risks such as cyberattacks, data security, job loss, market manipulation, and more. Identifying regional specifics in consumer attitudes could make the global integration of AI into the financial sector more efficient and better aligned with the expectations of various markets.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0260

Authors: Dimitar Panchev

Abstract: This paper investigates the rise of right-wing radicalization in Bulgaria, focusing on two influential nationalist organizations: the Bulgarian Military Union ‘Vasil Levski’ and the ‘Shipka’ Bulgarian National Movement. Both groups, rooted in historical symbolism and ultra-nationalism, advocate for the protection of Bulgaria’s sovereignty and traditional values, often through paramilitary activities and anti-establishment rhetoric. Utilizing sociological frameworks such as socialization, resource networking, and convergent settings, this study explores how these organizations leverage historical figures like ‘Vasil Levski’ and the symbolism of ‘Shipka’ Pass to radicalize disenfranchised individuals and promote their nationalist agendas. Through a combination of qualitative open-source analysis and a case study design, the paper examines how socio-economic deprivation, anti-globalization sentiment, and perceived threats from minority groups contribute to the organizations’ appeal. By situating the Bulgarian case within the broader context of rising right-wing extremism in Europe, this paper seeks to contribute to the growing body of research on the role of paramilitary movements in contemporary radicalization. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these organizations for national security and provides recommendations for countering radicalization through community engagement and policy reform.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0252

Authors: Hristo Pantaleev

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to provide a detailed description and analysis of the ideological peculiarities of the Bulgarian Workers Social Democratic Party (broad socialists), BRSDP (broad socialists), in comparison with the reformist social democrats of Germany, with a particular focus on the ideas of Edward Bernstein and Karl Kautsky. To this end, a comparative analysis of the fundamental ideas of the BRSDP (broad socialists) and those of Bernstein and Kautsky is conducted. The research methodology entailed a comprehensive review of relevant literature, an analysis of archival documents from the Bulgarian Social Democratic Party (BRSPD), and a critical examination of theoretical articles by prominent broad socialists. The findings of this study are presented in the form of a comparative analysis of the ideological disparities between the Bulgarian Social Democratic Reformists and the fundamental ideological tenets espoused by Bernstein and Kautsky. The study culminates in a conclusion that draws attention to the distinctiveness of the Bulgarian Social Democratic Reformists’ ideological framework, particularly in the context of its adaptation to the unique socio-political landscape of Bulgarian society.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0241

Authors: Teodora Georgieva, Ivo Radulov

Abstract: Military organizational culture is distinctive in a peacetime mode of operation, but incomparably authentic in wartime periods. The typical characteristics of situational ambiguity, physical exhaustion and escalating danger to human life characterize the leader’s approach to applying technologies for command and control of subordinate formations as a non-trivial process. The purpose of the report is to present the main effects of the increasing digitization of management in modern society on leadership behavior, perceptions and decision-making both in the context of military operations and in everyday peaceful environments. The content of the development is overview-analytical in nature. The results of national and foreign language studies are presented with an emphasis on examining the influence of technology in its role of support or limitation for the effective implementation of leadership and command functions. Given the lack of scientific works in the considered context, the present development can serve as a systematized theoretical basis for the formulation of research models and their empirical verification.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0235

Authors: Denis Petkov

Abstract: The ongoing process of monetizing threat intelligence (TI) is increasingly viewed as a cardinal factor in the cybersecurity sector, with cybersecurity brokers being the main driving force behind it. With the rise of the digital economy, society is becoming increasingly reliant on threat intelligence when it comes to maintaining resilient and modern business operations. The following research examines in what manner cybersecurity brokers collect, analyze and distribute threat intelligence in order to elevate decision-making and foster growth in both private and public sector. Furthermore, the study includes how brokers monetize TI, the business models they employ as well as the added stakeholder value. A mixed-methods approach is used by the author by including case studies of EDIH Trakia’s CYBER4ALL STAR project, which shed light on the effectiveness and accessibility of threat intelligence on the small-to-medium enterprise (SME) level. The key insights of the paper highlight how stakeholders use threat intelligence in order to foster a more rational approach to allocation of resources effectively, development of a robust cybersecurity posture and to voice ethical and legal concerns regarding privacy and transparency of data. The conclusion focuses on the need for a stronger regulatory initiative when it comes to efforts in ensuring a responsible monetization of TI in the scope of a continually growing cybersecurity market.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0219

Authors: Teofana Dimitrova

Abstract: Despite the growing number of studies on consumer behavior, there is a notable lack of research reviewing the literature on interrelated phenomena such as consumer ethnocentrism (CE), country of origin (COO), consumer animosity (CA), and consumer racism (CR). The purpose of this paper is to trace the evolution of scientific production on CE in conjunction with COO, CA, and CR, identify the most relevant sources and their temporal dynamics, highlight the most influential authors and cited publications, and uncover prevailing and emerging themes through bibliometric analysis. Scientific publications from journals indexed in three globally recognized databases were analyzed over a 20-year period (2004–2023). The results indicate that the highest number of publications was recorded in 2021, with the most influential source being the Journal of International Consumer Marketing. The most cited article, titled “Domestic Country Bias, Country-of-Origin Effects, and Consumer Ethnocentrism: A Multidimensional Unfolding Approach”, authored by Balabanis & Diamantopoulos, was published in 2004. Predominant themes identified based on author keywords include consumer ethnocentrism, country of origin, ethnocentrism, animosity, consumer, consumer behavior, China, and country image. This paper will serve as a valuable resource for academics seeking to evaluate the current state of research in this field and will provide policymakers with additional insights for developing effective international marketing strategies.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0202

Authors: Valeria Toncheva

Abstract: This report presents the results of a study of the influence of attitudes towards dual education on the brand image of vocational high schools in Bulgaria. Vocational secondary education is among the priorities of the Ministry of Education and Science in Bulgaria and is gaining more and more popularity among schools in the country, however, its relationship to the brand image of educational institutions remains unexplored. The research in this paper covers the opinions of two target groups (students – educated by dual method and students – educated by traditional method) regarding the relationship between dual education and the brand image of schools. A survey was conducted using a sample of students in two vocational high schools in the Plovdiv region. The hypothesis of the research: “There is an association between the Brand Image of the vocational high school and the Attitudes toward dual VET.” was supported. Further surveys are needed among business representatives, parents of students, local authorities and the Ministry of Education and Science.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0189

Authors: Svetla Atanasova

Abstract: According to marketing specialists, meeting consumer expectations requires much more activities than just offering a specific service that fulfills a specific purpose. Within the marketing literature, the axiom is derived that consumer expectation is part of the overall consumer experience and should be based on both the impression that consumers receive from the service provided and the expectations that have already been met. In the foundation of the issues presented in this way, it can be noted that the main goal of this paper is associated with conducting a theoretical study of the author’s views on consumer expectation and, on the basis thus built, to conduct an empirical analysis of consumer expectations of 1st year students, majoring in Marketing, at the University “Prof. Dr. Asen Zlatarov”, Burgas. To achieve the main goal set in this way, the following approaches should be applied: systemic and systemic-situational approach; inductive and deductive approach; transformation approach, internal and external analyses. The use of strategic methods, comparative methods, methods of analogy, including a combination between them, becomes significant. The marketing analysis conducted in the studied area leads us to the conclusion that in order to meet certain consumer expectations, much more is needed than offering services by the institution that fulfill a certain goal. Experts state that the most important element related to consumer expectations can be defined as the “usefulness” factor. By their very nature, consumer expectations require the study of the following elements: transparency and honesty, reviews, support and follow-up, which requires the formation of certain conclusions, summaries and conclusions, and this, in turn, causes the current research interest.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0176

Authors: Svetla Atanasova

Abstract: In specialized literature, image is associated with the image or notion that is created in society or a certain social group of people for a given enterprise. In this regard, it can be noted that the image cannot be invented or “polished”, but it can be changed. In its essence, the image should be perceived not only as an image created by a group of specialists, but it also includes everything that the mention of the enterprise forms in the imagination of the audience. In the context of the issues presented in this way, the main goal of this work is associated with the implementation of a theoretical analysis of the author’s statements about the essence of the image and on the basis of the foundation thus built, to carry out an empirical analysis of the opinion of students, majoring in “Marketing”, at the University “Prof. Dr. Asen Zlatarov”, Burgas, regarding the image of the University. To achieve the main goal set in this way, the following approaches should be applied: systemic and systemic-situational approach; inductive and deductive approach; transformation approach, internal and external analyses. The use of strategic methods, comparative methods, methods of analogy, including a combination between them, is gaining significance. The conducted marketing research shows that the participants in the survey are of the opinion that a diploma from a prestigious university is a major factor for successfully finding a job in the specialty. This, on the other hand, shows the students’ attitudes to recommend the University “Prof. Dr. Asen Zlatarov”, Burgas to their relatives and acquaintances. Within the framework of the issues presented in this way, it can be noted that the current research interest is caused by the emergence of a number of questions about how the image of the University affects student opinion.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0162

Authors: Maria Hristova-Politikova

Abstract: The slump in global economic activity since 2022 brings about serious contraction in the gross profit of logistic companies. Staying competitive proves crucial for the survival of many of them. Their performance is also crucial for the competitiveness of the supply chains they support. The challenge for the logistics companies to provide excelling services includes introduction of digital systems and sustainable practices. In order to answer the legal requirement for green practices and adopt information and automated technologies, logistics companies need to make additional investments which carries great financial pressure for them. Strategical decisions are required for these companies in order to secure their market positions and make the needed investments. The recent tendency for mergers and acquisitions in logistics sector is the strategy that many companies adopt in order to cope with the challenges they face. The experience of adopting this strategy for leading logistics companies will be analyzed on the basis of statistical data shared in official reports. Comparison, induction and deduction are the main methods applied in the work. The study proves that the strategy is a means to get access to more financial resources, specific now-how and developed distribution networks in specific markets. This leads to enriched and more thorough spectrum of services the companies can offer, carries potential for developing of key competencies, assures access to specific market niches which all contributes to becoming more competitive.

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DOI: 10.3897/ap.10.e0134

Authors: Svetla Atanasova, Hristina Mihaleva, Hristo Georgiev

Abstract: From a theoretical point of view, consumer behavior can be defined as aninterdisciplinary field of marketing that deals with the study of the following questions –“When?”, “Why?”, “How?” and “Where?” do consumers buy or no products given. The studyof consumer behavior is associated with the study of many elements, from different areasof the following directions – psychology, sociology, social anthropology and economics.The relevance of the present study is directly dependent on the behavior of users for thecompany’s activities. In the context of the issues considered in this way, the main goal ofthe present work is to build a theoretical construction related to the author’s views on theessence of consumer behavior and its classification, and on the thus constructed pedestalto present the different models of consumer behavior. In order to achieve the main goalthus set, the following approaches should be applied: systemic and systemic-situationalapproach; inductive and deductive approach; approach of transformations, internal and external analyses. The use of strategic methods, comparative methods, methods of analogy,including a combination of them, acquires significance. As a result of the conducted theoreticalstudy, the following definition of the concept of “consumer behavior” was derived: itcan be defined, on the one hand, as a section of marketing that seeks answers to a numberof questions related to what satisfies consumers, and on the other side, as consumer activityinfluenced by both internal and external factors, as well as by passing through certainstages of the decision-making process for the purchase of a certain product. The emergenceof a series of questions related to how consumer behavior affects the activity of theenterprise creates a prerequisite for the formation of research interest as the present one.

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